Excretion In Animals & Plants - 2 - Class 10 MCQ

An artificial kidney functions by using dialysis to remove waste products from the blood. Dialysis is a process where a semipermeable membrane allows for the exchange of waste products, excess ions, and fluids from the blood into a dialysis solution, while retaining important substances like proteins and blood cells.

Thus, the correct answer is: c) Dialysis.

• (i) Each nephron consists of a cup-shaped structure called Bowman’s capsule.
• (ii) Kidneys perform osmoregulation by maintaining the right amount of water and ionic balance in the body.
• (iii) is incorrect because urine passes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through the ureters, not directly to the urethra.
• (iv) The process of purifying the blood by an artificial kidney is called hemodialysis.

• Option A: Bowman’s capsule - Collecting duct
  • This is incorrect. The Bowman’s capsule is part of the nephron and contains the glomerulus, which is involved in the initial filtration of blood. The collecting duct is a different part of the nephron that collects urine from multiple nephrons. They are not the same structure.
• Option B: Glomerulus - Capillaries
  • This is correct. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries located within the Bowman’s capsule of the nephron. It is the site where blood filtration begins.
• Option C: Ureter - Filters blood
  • This is incorrect. The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. It does not play a role in filtering blood.
• Option D: Urethra - Stores urine
  • This is incorrect. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. It does not store urine; the urinary bladder is the organ responsible for storing urine.
• Thus, the correctly matched pair is Option B: Glomerulus - Capillaries.

• Assertion: In this scenario, the Assertion is true as the kidneys do indeed play a vital role in osmoregulation, which involves maintaining the right balance of water and ions in the body.
• Reason: The Reason is also true since it correctly states that one of the main functions of the kidneys is osmoregulation along with filtering nitrogenous waste from the blood. Moreover, the Reason serves as a valid explanation for the Assertion, as the maintenance of water and ionic balance is directly linked to the osmoregulatory function of the kidneys.
• Hence, Option A is the correct answer.