GATE Architecture and Planning Mock Test - 3 (Planning) - GATE Architecture and Planning MCQ

In the first 2×2 square (left-most top) delineated by bold lines, the two boxes highlighted below are not suitable for ✱ 

So, the suitable box for ✱ will be❓
The solved puzzle will be as follows: 

Planting a seed is analogous to ‘raising a child’

If x^a = y^b = z^c and y² = zx, let x^a = y^b = z^c = k.

Since y² = xz

From the exponents;

Q is not a possible shadow as the pyramid tip doesn’t connect to all four corners of the base.

A figure-ground diagram is a mapping technique used to illustrate the relationship between built and unbuilt space in cities. Land coverage of buildings is visualized as solid mass (figure), while public spaces formed by streets, parks and plazas are represented as voids (ground). In urban planning, this simple yet powerful graphic tool is used to explore built form patterns and the continuity of open space. The city names given in the question have very unique Figure Ground representation due to its unique features.

As per National building code the height of a kitchen shall not be less than 2.75 m.Size: kitchen with separate dining area shall not be less than 5 m², with minimum width of 1.8m. kitchen with dining area shall not be less than 7.5 m2, with minimum width of 2.1 m.

Some important definitions from Article 1 of Burra Charter are listed below:

• Place means a geographically defined area. It may include elements, objects, spaces and views. Place may have tangible and intangible dimensions.
• Cultural significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past, present or future generations. Cultural significance is embodied in the place itself, its fabric, setting, use, associations, meanings, records, related places and related objects.
• Fabric means all the physical material of the place including elements, fixtures, contents and objects. Conservation means all the processes of looking after a place so as to retain its cultural significance.
• Maintenance means the continuous protective care of a place, and its setting. Maintenance is to be distinguished from repair which involves restoration or reconstruction.
• Preservation means maintaining a place in its existing state and retarding deterioration.
• Restoration means returning a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing elements without the introduction of new material.
• Reconstruction means returning a place to a known earlier state and is distinguished from restoration by the introduction of new material.
• Adaptation means changing a place to suit the existing use or a proposed use.  

The Lowry model conceives of the major spatial features of an urban area in terms of three broad sectors of activity i.e., basic employment sector, the population serving employment and the household sector. The basic employment is employment whose products and services are utilized outside the study area. The Lowry model is based on two principles, namely that of the urban economic base and that of spatial interaction. Lowry’s model includes singly constrained spatial interaction models. 

National Monuments Authority has been established under the provisions of ‘The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2010'. The minimum prohibited area in respect of centrally protected monuments and protected areas is 100m, in all directions beginning at the limit of the protected area of the centrally protected monument or site. The minimum limit of regulated area of centrally protected monuments and protected areas is 200m which will begin from the limit of the prohibited area. These limits area extendable as per the classification of the centrally protected monuments and protected areas on the recommendation of the National Monuments Authority. 

The hydraulic mean depth or hydraulic mean radius is the ratio of wetted area to the wetted perimeter.

y_m = A/P

For circular section:

r = Radius of the circular section

Area of flow through circular section = π r²

Wetted perimeter for circular section = 2πr 

y_m = A/P = πr²/2πr = r / 2 =d/4

Calculation: Given,

d = 450 mm; ym=d4

y_m = 450/4=112.5

Hence the hydraulic radius for the circular pipe running full is 112.5 mm

With respect to the B.OD. removal, the usual rate adopted is 30 m³ of air per million litres for each Op.p.m of B.O.D. to be removed.

Quantity of air required = 30 x 10 x 400 = 120,000 cum per day = 83.33 cum per minute.

Total area under community facilities, common spaces and roads

= (8 + 25 + 15) × 50 / 100] hectares =2400/100 = 24 hectares

Usable area for plots  = 50 - 24= 26 hectares = 260,000 sq m

Total number of saleable plots = 260000/260  = 1000

The rate analysis is the determination of the rate of a particular item of construction per unit. The various factors affecting the rate analysis are:

1. Materials required for Rate Analysis:

Almost 50 % of the total cost of any work is due to the materials themselves.  

The quantity of the materials either more or less, both affects the rate analysis. Hence one should maintain the proper quantity of materials on the site.

2. Manpower requirement:

About 30 % of the total cost of the work is due to the cost of manpower.

 The selection of the workforce should be done according to their categories like skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled and their wages should also be decided according to their class.

3. Item specification:

The specification of the items indicates the proportion of materials, the process, and the work method.  

4. Tools and Plants:

They are decided on various factors such as duration of work, labor requirement, the budget of work, type of work, etc.    

5. Overhead Charges:

Overhead charges include expenses of office, labour welfare, material testing, water supply, electrification, depreciation amount etc.

This is usually considered as 2-5 % of the total cost of the work.

6. Contractor’s Profit:

Typically 10 to 15 % of the overall cost of the work is considered to be the contractor’s profit.

Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) is a project management planning tool used to calculate the amount of time it will take to realistically finish a project. PERT charts are used to plan tasks within a project — making it easier to schedule and coordinate team members. PERT was developed by the U.S. Navy in the 1950s to help coordinate the thousands of contractors it had working on myriad projects. While PERT was originally a manual process, today there are computerized PERT systems that enable project charts to be created quickly.  PERT is still a popular project management tool today.

Ekistics is the science of human settlements including regional, city, community planning and dwelling design. Its major incentive was the emergence of increasingly large and complex conurbations, tending even to a worldwide city.

Doxiadis defines 4 principles of Ekistics for solving the problems of human settlements:

(1) Unity of Purpose

(2) Hierarchy of functions (All functions should belong to a pyramid set in a hierarchical way)

(3) Four-dimensional synthesis

(4) Many masters creating many scales

Duration of an activity = Quantity ÷ (Manpower * Productivity).
Based on this the durations of all activities are calculated and tabulated below:

The project network for the given project will be: 

From the network, the critical path is B – C = 9 + 11 = 20 days
Project starts on January 29.
Project completion will be 20 days from January 29.
So, the project completion date will be February 17.   

Loss of water = 40%. So run-off coefficient = 0.6
Volume of stored water from runoff = C*i*A = 0.6 * 0.4 m * 500 sqm = 120 cu.m  
Daily water demand of the household = 3*200 = 600 liters = 0.6 cu.m
No. of days the stored water will be adequate for = 120/0.6 = 200 days 

Total built-up area: The total area is calculated using the formula:

• Plot area = 1 hectare = 10,000 sqm
• FAR utilized = 2.0
• Total built-up area = 10,000 sqm X 2 = 20,000 sqm

Parking requirements: For every 100 sqm of built-up area, one parking space is required:

• Number of parking spaces needed = 20,000 sqm / 100 sqm = 200 cars

Distribution of parking area: The parking area is evenly split between the ground floor and the basement:

• Let parking area on ground floor = x
• Let parking area in basement = y
• Since x = y, we have:

Calculating number of cars:

• Number of cars on ground floor = x / 15
• Number of cars in basement = y / 25
• Total parking equation: (x/15) + (y/25) = 200

Substituting x = y into the equation gives:

• (5y/75) + (3y/75) = 200
• 8y = 200 X 75
• Area of parking in basement: y = 1875 sqm

Final calculation: The number of cars that can fit in the basement is:

• Number of cars in basement = 1875 sqm / 25 sqm = 75 cars

Let the total quantity for excavation is x cum

Cost of excavation of earth if done manually = Rs. 120 per cum

The total cost of excavation of ‘A’ cum earth if done manually, Ch = Rs. 120 × A cum

Cost of excavation by Machine, C_m = Fixed cost + variable cost                     

C_m = 40000 + 20 × A

It is given that cost of excavation by machine will be equal to the cost of manual excavation is

i.e. C_h = C_m

120 × A= 40000 + 20 × A

On solving, we get A = 400 cum

The total quantity for excavation is 400 cum

Total internal wall area = 8 * (2*4) * (15+10) = 1600 sqm
Area of paintwork = 1600 * 0.9 = 1440 sqm (after deduction of 10% wall area)
Paint required for first coat = 4.5 * 1440 = 6480 liters
Paint required for second coat = 2.5 * 1440 = 3600 liters
Total paint required = 10080 liters 

Total built up = plot area × FAR
= 4.5 x 3 = 13.5 ha = 135000 m²
Max Ground coverage is 55 %, but details are insufficient to proceed with it. Max. ht / no of floors are not mentioned.  Therefore, proceed with 135000 m²
Let Total number of dwelling units be X

9.166(X) + 15(X) + 12.5(X) = 135000m²
36.666(X) = 135000m²
X = 3681.88

Sludge Volume Index (SVI) is the volume occupied in 'ml' by one gram of solids in mixed liquor when allowed to settle for 30 minutes. It is expressed in ml/gram.

The volume occupied when 1-gram solids in mixed liquor are allowed to settle for 30 minutes = 180÷ 2000 /1000

SVI = 90 ml/gm

Now,

SDI =100/ SVI = 100/ 90 = 1.11

Hence, Sludge Density Index, SDI = 1.11 gm/ml.

FASTag is a device that employs Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for making toll payments directly while the vehicle is in motion. FASTag (RFID Tag) is affixed on the windscreen of the vehicle and enables a customer to make the toll payments directly from the account which is linked to FASTag. National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has developed the National Electronic Toll Collection (NETC) program to meet the electronic tolling requirements of the Indian market. 

BOLT (Build-Own-Lease-Transfer): In this approach, the government gives a concession to a private entity to build a facility (and possibly design it as well), own the facility, lease the facility to the public sector and then at the end of the lease period transfer the ownership of the facility to the government.
BOOT (Build-Own-Operate-Transfer): BOOT is based on the granting of a concession by the Union/ Government/ local authority to the concessionaire, who is responsible for the construction, financing, operation and maintenance of a facility over the period of the concession before finally transferring the fully operational facility. 

Trip generation --- Trip distribution --- Mode choice ---- Traffic assignment can be attributed to “Why --- Where --- How” decisions of travel demand. The basic decisions for each step in order are:
1. Choice and reason to travel
2. Destination to go
3. Mode by which to travel
4. The route by which to travel

Boken windows theory, academic theory proposed by James Q. Wilson and George Kelling in 1982 that used broken windows as a metaphor for disorder within neighbourhoods. Their theory links disorder and incivility within a community to subsequent occurrences of serious crime. Ladder of Citizen Participation is given by Sherry Arnstein is about citizen involvement in planning processes in the United States, described a “ladder of citizen participation” that showed participation ranging from high to low. The ladder is a guide to seeing who has power when important decisions are being made.
Right to City is given by Henry Lefebvre. He defines the Right to the city as a right of no exclusion of urban society from qualities and benefits of urban life Creative Class is given by Richard Florida. Florida says that the creative class is a class of workers whose job is to create meaningful new forms 

Plot size = 500 Value = 1200 x 500 = 6,00,000
Plot deduction = 40% of 500 = 200 sqm
New plot = 300 sqm
New value = 2800 x 300 = 8,40,000
Increase = 2,40,000
Betterment cost = 50% of 2,40,000 = 1,20,000
Net benefit = 1,20,000