GATE Architecture and Planning Mock Test - 5 (Architecture) - GATE Architecture and Planning MCQ

- Nonchalant means being coolly unconcerned or indifferent, often in a situation where one might be expected to show more emotion or interest.
- The opposite of nonchalant would be showing concern or interest.
- Concerned means being worried, anxious, or having a strong interest in something, which is opposite to being indifferent or unconcerned.
- Other options like casual and noisy do not capture the essence of being emotionally involved or interested, making concerned the best opposite.

Note that 1996 was a leap year and Raja will not get a holiday on any day of the week.  Raja has worked for six days.  If Tom and Jerry work together they finish the work in 3 days. As Tom gets a holiday on Tuesday they finish the work by 28th Feb. 1996.

• Let B be in room 1.
• D and F have to occupy rooms 2 and 3, but not necessarily in that order.
• It is now not possible for A and E to be separated by exactly two rooms. This can happen only if A and E occupy rooms 1 and 4, not necessarily in that order.
• Hence B occupies room 6.
• If A occupies room 1, C cannot be his neighbor. Hence A occupies room 4 and E occupies room 1, hence room 5 is occupied by C.

We now have two possible arrangements for rooms 1 to 6. These are E D F A C B and E F D A C B

 In a 12-hour period, the second, minute, and hour hands of a clock align 11 times. This is because the hands align approximately once every 65 minutes and 27.27 seconds. By calculating and verifying with standard clock arithmetic, it is confirmed that the hands align 11 times within a 12-hour period.

The difference between the maximum time available and the actual time needed to perform an activity is known as the total float. Hence, the total float is the excess of the maximum available time throughout the time of the activity.

In India, standard brick size is 190 mm x 90 mm x 90 mm as per the recommendation of BIS. With mortar thickness, the dimension of the brick becomes 200 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm which is also known as the nominal size of the modular brick.

The Government of India set up Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) on 1st March 2002 under the provisions of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001. The mission of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency was to assist in developing policies and strategies with a thrust on self-regulation and market principles, within the overall framework of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001.

Sustainable Development Goal 10 is about reduced inequality and is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations in 2015. The full title is: "Reduce inequality within and among countries". The Goal has ten targets to be achieved by 2030.

The oxidation pond is one of the biological systems which are used for the treatment of wastewater. It is a totally aerobic pond, where stabilization is bought about by aerobic bacteria. The oxygen demand is met by the combined action of algae and other microorganisms.
Oxidation ponds, also called lagoons or stabilization ponds, are large, shallow ponds designed to treat wastewater through the interaction of sunlight, bacteria, and algae. Algae grow using energy from the sun and carbon dioxide and inorganic compounds released by bacteria in water.

As per IS 13828:1993, below are some general principles for construction of buildings to improve their earthquake resistance:

• Lightness: Since the earthquake force is a function of mass, the building should be as light as possible consistent with structural safety and functional requirements. Roofs and upper storeys of buildings in particular should be designed as light as possible.
• Continuity of Construction: As far as possible, all parts of the building should be tied together in such a manner that the building acts as one unit. For integral action of building, roof and floor slab should be continuous throughout as far as possible. Additions and alterations to the structures should be accompanied by the provision of positive measures to establish continuity between the existing and the new construction.
• Projecting and suspended parts: Projecting parts should be avoided as far as possible. If the projecting parts cannot be avoided, they should be properly reinforced and firmly tied to the main structure. Ceiling plaster should preferably be avoided. When it is unavoidable, the plaster should be as thin as possible. Suspended ceiling should be avoided as far as possible. Where provided, they should be light and adequately framed and secured.
• Shape of Building: In order to minimize torsion the building should have a simple rectangular plan and be symmetrical both with respect to mass and rigidity so that the centres of mass and rigidity of the building coincide with each other. It will be desirable to use separate blocks of rectangular shape particularly in seismic zones V and IV.

Design strategies in a Cold climate include:

• Design according to the site slopes, and Orientation should preferably be in north - south direction i.e., longer walls should face north & south to receive more solar heat during winter months.
• Glazing windows up to 25% floor area may be provided. Double glazing is preferable to avoid heat losses during winter nights.
• Adopt Trombe walls as they are a very useful passive heating system. They require little or no effort to operate and are ideal for cold climates.
• Sunspaces are equally simple and silent and can allow views. Rooms heated by a Trombe wall or sunspace often feel more comfortable than those heated by forced air systems, even at lower air temperatures, because of the radiantly warm surface of the wall.
• Allow maximum solar heat gain inside the building which will allow natural daylight during the day but intelligently cut the cold waves during the nighttime, if possible, provide air lock to prevent heat loss.
• Provide glass covered atrium and central spaces. Installation of solar panels to harness the solar energy is a good option.

Global warming potential of nitrogen oxides is highest, followed by methane and carbon dioxide.

• Using the principles of Vastu shastra, Jaipur was designed with a grid-like system, dividing the city into squares and with broad streets crisscrossing at right angles.
• Borobudur, also transcribed as Barabudur is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang of Borobudur, which took the form of a step pyramid and mandala plan.
• Thanjavur Temple complex and Museum of Man, Bhopal are not based on Mandala planning.

The principles of architectural composition include:

• Balance.
• Rhythm.
• Emphasis.
• Proportion and Scale.
• Movement.
• Contrast.
• Unity.

Tint and Hue are properties of Colours.

NIMBY is an acronym for. not in my back yard. It is a term related to a person who objects to the occurrence of something if it will affect him or her or take place in his or her locality.
Form-based codes are a method of development regulation, adopted into municipal or county law, that emphasizes the physical character of development (its form) and includes—but often de-emphasizes— the regulation of land uses.
Tactical urbanism is a fast, cheap, action-oriented approach to making meaningful civic changes to neighbourhoods, towns, and cities. For example, add mg some tires and spray paint or a mural on an underused street to reclaim the space for pedestrians, can be seen as tactical urbanism.
Suburbanisation can be defined as the outward growth of urban development which may engulf surrounding villages and towns into a larger urban agglomeration. Suburbanization is mainly caused by overcrowding in urban areas, deterioration of public services, high crime rates and lack of job opportunities in cities.

Cheonggyecheon is famous for being a beautiful urban park and a historic landmark in Seoul, South Korea. It is a 10.9-kilometer-long stream that flows through the heart of the city, offering a serene and picturesque escape from the bustling urban environment.

The Higli Line is a 1.45-mile-long (2.33 km) elevated linear park, greenway, and rail trail created on a former New York Central Railroad spur on the west side of Manhattan in New York City. The abandoned spur has been redesigned as a "living system" drawing from multiple disciplines which include landscape architecture, urban design, and ecology.

False Creek is a short narrow inlet in the heart of Vancouver, separating the Downtown and West End neighbourhoods from the rest of the city. It is one of the four main bodies of water bordering Vancouver. False creek south is a unique waterfront community that was regarded as a model of progressive urban planning in the 1970s, when the city transformed industrial land into a neighbourhood known for its abundance of open space and intentional design.

In addition to bemg a leadmg global financial district in the United Kingdom, Canary Wharf is famous for a cluster of the tallest modern commercial complexes and residential high-rise buildings.

School, Hospital, College, Dispensary are part of Public and Semi-Public land uses. EES is part of utility. District Centre falls under commercial landuse.

All the paths from start to end and their respective durations are listed below:
P - Q - R - V = 18 days
P - S - T - V = 12 days
P - S - U - V=17 days
P - U - V = 11 days
It can be observed that P - Q - R - V with 18 days is the longest path and hence the critical path.
Alternatively, from forward and backward pass calculations, the EST, EFT, LST and LFT values for each activity can be calculated to find the answer.

Total number of female audience = 1/3 of 1200 = 400
WCs for female audience required = (3 + 3 + 2 + 2) = 10
WCs (considering 3 numbers per 100 up to 200 population and over 200. 2 numbers for every 100 or part thereof) Number of male audience = 2/3 of 1200 = 800
WCs for male audience required = (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1) = 6 WCs (considering 1 number per 100 up to 400 and over 400, 1 number for every 250 or part thereof)
Total number of WCs required for the total audience =10 + 6 = 16 WCs

Ductwork is the network of supply ducts (generally made of light-weight material like aluminium) which carries conditioned air to various parts of the building. Ductwork is also fit with movable plates, used to control effective cross-section of duct, available for air movement. These controllable plates are called 'Dampers'. Dampers are used to control spread of smoke in case of a fire accident, control air speed and amount of supply air flowing. Width of duct is generally larger than its height to easily conceal it in false-ceiling.

As there is no mass in the free end to produce any shear.

Kéré was presented the 2022 Pritzker Prize medallion, the highest honor in architecture, certifying him as a Laureate for his extraordinary work with communities and architectural ingenuity. Kéré insists to build comfortable buildings at a reasonable price; to make users happy and inspire them to dream of a better life. The pride of the local culture is reinforced by the use of local materials and traditional techniques. And then Kéré‘s works in other countries show cultural emblems of Burkina Faso(a country in West Africa), which are the consequence of his own cultural accumulation.

Milirab is a niche in the wall of a mosque that mdicates the qibla, the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca towards which Muslims should face when praying. The w’all in which a milirab appears is thus the "qibla wall".

A gopuram or gopura is a monumental entrance tower, usually ornate, at the entrance of a Hindu temple, in the South Indian architecture of the southern Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, and Telangana, and Sri Lanka. In other areas of India they are much more m odest, while in Southern Indian temples they are very often by far the highest part o f the temple.

In Classical architecture, the pediment is the traditionally triangular section at the top of a temple's entrance. This form was introduced by the ancient Greeks. For them, the pediment was a gable, a vertical strucniral element that supported a low-pitched, gabled roof.

• Dumb Waiter is a lift with a car which moves in guides in a vertical direction; has a net floor area not exceeding 1 m2, total inside height of 1.2 m, whether or not provided with fixed or removable shelves; has a capacity not exceeding 250 kg and is exclusively used for carrying materials and shall not carry any person.
• Rheostatic control is a system of control which is accomplished by varying resistance or reactance or both in the armature or field circuit or both of the driving machine motor. Over speed governor is an automatic device which brings the lift car and/or counterweight to rest by operating the safety gear in the event of the speed in a descending direction exceeding a predetermined limit.
• Comb Lighting is a small flush light panels located in the skirt panels on both sides of the escalators/moving walk unit at both upper and lower landing and immediately adjacent to the comb teeth to illuminate the comb and step tread and assist passengers boarding and alighting the escalators/moving walk.
• As an option for energy efficiency and sustainability, escalators/moving walk should not run when there are no passengers to move. In this stop mode, only the control system and the passenger detection system are kept running. Another option is to reduce the speed to match the passenger demand, thus reducing energy consumption by the use of variable voltage variable frequency (VVVF) drives, which provide very smooth, almost imperceptible speed transitions.

Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion.
Concrete has moderate thermal conductivity, much lower than metals, but significantly higher than other building materials such as wood, and is a poor insulator.

Perpendicular distance between Point A and the point on which load is acting = 1+1.5 =2.5 m
Point load acting at B = 50kN
Point Moment = Force´Perpendicular distance
M=2.5´50
M=125 kN^-m
Point load acting at C = 50kN
Point Moment = Force´Perpendicular distance
M = 2.5´50
M = 125 kN^-m
Since both the moments are in clockwise direction, they will add up to give the resultant point moment of 250 kN^-m

Thickness of wall = 230 mm = 0.23 m
Resistance of wall = thickness / thermal conductivity
= 0.23 / 0.75 = 0.306 m²°C / W
Given;
Resistance of inside surface = 0.20 m²°C / W
Resistance of outside surface = 0.15 m²°C / W
Total resistance of the wall = 0.306 + 0.20 + 0.15 = 0.656
U-value of wall is = 1/R = 1/0.656 = 1.524 W / m²°C