General Knowledge Mock Test - 7 - CDS MCQ

An example of a pure substance is (c) Salt. A pure substance consists of only one type of substance and has a definite composition. Salt, in this case, refers to a specific compound, sodium chloride (NaCl).

The term 'periodic' refers to the recurring trends in element properties. This pattern repeats each time the elements move one period down.

Lemon fruit is a rich source of citric acid.

• Citric acid is a weak organic acid.
• It is a six-carbon tricarboxylic acid.
• A manufactured form of citric acid is commonly used as an additive in food, cleaning agents, and nutritional supplements.
• Citric acid is mainly produced by fungal fermentation.
• Chemical synthesis of citric acid is possible, but it is expensive than fungal fermentation.

p orbitals can form both sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds.
A sigma bond is the strongest type of covalent bond, in which the atomic orbitals directly overlap between the nuclei of two atoms. This can happen with two p orbitals, or between an s orbital and a p orbital.
A pi bond is a type of covalent bond that exists between atoms where the electrons are on top and bottom of the axis connecting the nuclei of the joined atoms. This bond is formed by the side-on overlapping of p orbitals.
So both σ and π bonds can be formed by the overlap of p orbitals.

Hydrogen is the only atom among the options listed that does not have any neutrons in its nucleus. The nucleus of a hydrogen atom consists of a single proton, which is positively charged, and it does not contain any neutrons. Neutrons are subatomic particles with no charge and are found in the nuclei of most other atoms.

Oxidation is the loss of electrons during a chemical reaction.

Lithium is often referred to as the "metal of the future" because of its use in rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. It has the highest electrochemical potential of all metals, making it ideal for energy storage applications.

The gravitational force between two objects can be calculated using Newton's law of universal gravitation:

F = (G * m¹ * m²) / r²

Where: F is the gravitational force between the objects, G is the gravitational constant (approximately 6.673 × 10^-11 Nm²/kg²), m² and m² are the masses of the two objects, and r is the distance between their centers.

In this case, we have two lead spheres with masses of 1000 kg each, and their centers are 1 meter apart. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:

F = (6.673 × 10^-11 * 1000 * 1000) / 1²

F = 6.673 × 10^-11 * 10⁶

F = 6.673 × 10^-5

So, the gravitational force with which the lead spheres attract each other is approximately 6.673 × 10^-5 Newtons.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D) 6.673 × 10^-5.

The SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa). It is named after the French mathematician and physicist Blaise Pascal.

The speed of sound increases with the increase of temperature of the medium. The speed of sound in air increases by 0.61 m/s when the temperature is increased by1⁰C.

Plants are an example of a biotic component of an ecosystem. Biotic components are the living organisms within an ecosystem, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. In contrast, abiotic components refer to the non-living factors such as temperature, rocks, sunlight, and water.

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including the diversity within species, between species, and within ecosystems. It encompasses genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Biodiversity is important for the stability and functioning of ecosystems, as well as for the provision of ecosystem services that are essential for human well-being.

The diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for breathing during normal respiration. It contracts and relaxes to create changes in lung volume.

Alexander Fleming is credited with the discovery of penicillin, the first antibiotic. In 1928, Fleming observed that a mold called Penicillium notatum produced a substance that killed bacteria. This accidental discovery led to the development of penicillin as a powerful antibiotic that revolutionized medicine.

The instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure is (c) barometer. A barometer is specifically designed to measure atmospheric pressure, which is the force exerted by the weight of the air in the atmosphere. It is often used in weather forecasting and can help indicate changes in weather patterns.

The kinetic molecular theory describes gases as being composed of tiny molecules that are in constant motion.

Carbon can form bonds with other carbon atoms, leading to the formation of allotropes. Allotropes are different forms of the same element with varying structural arrangements. Examples of carbon allotropes include diamond, graphite, and fullerenes.

Electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom. In general, electron affinity increases from left to right across the periodic table and decreases down a group.

Although Fluorine (F) is more electronegative, it has a smaller atomic radius than Chlorine (Cl), meaning that any added electron would be closer to the nucleus and more strongly attracted to it. But, the size of the 2p orbitals in Fluorine is so small that it results in electron-electron repulsion. This makes it hard for Fluorine to accommodate an extra electron.

On the other hand, Chlorine (Cl) has a larger atomic radius and its 3p orbitals are larger than the 2p orbitals of Fluorine, which reduces the electron-electron repulsion. Therefore, Chlorine can accommodate an extra electron more comfortably than Fluorine.

This makes Chlorine (Cl) have a higher electron affinity than Fluorine (F), Bromine (Br), and Iodine (I). So, the correct answer is Chlorine (Cl).

Petroleum is an example of a nonrenewable resource. Nonrenewable resources are those that are finite and cannot be replenished within a human lifespan. They are formed over millions of years through geological processes and include fossil fuels like oil, coal, and natural gas. Once these resources are depleted, they cannot be replaced.

Terracing is a method of reducing soil erosion. It involves creating flat or gently sloping steps or terraces on hilly or steeply sloping land. By constructing these terraces, water runoff is slowed down, reducing the erosive force and allowing water to infiltrate the soil more effectively. Terracing helps prevent soil erosion and supports agricultural practices on sloping terrain.

The most common component of plasma, other than water, is protein. Plasma is the liquid component of blood and contains a variety of substances, including proteins, electrolytes, hormones, waste products, and nutrients. Among these components, proteins make up a significant portion of plasma. These proteins include albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen, among others. They play essential roles in maintaining osmotic balance, transporting substances, regulating immune responses, and contributing to blood clotting. While oxygen, urea, and iron can be found in plasma, proteins are the most abundant and prevalent component, making them the correct answer.

Viruses can infect various organisms, including bacteria (1), fungi (2), and plants (3). In addition to bacteriophages, there are viruses that can infect fungi and plants, leading to various diseases and infections in these organisms.

Article 51A deals with the Fundamental Duties of citizens.

Article 243P of the Indian Constitution deals with the "Powers, authority, and responsibilities of Municipalities."