Geography Mock Test- 1 - Class 9 MCQ

• Suez Canal: The correct answer is Suez Canal. The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. It allows ships to travel between Europe and South Asia without having to navigate around the southern tip of Africa, reducing the distance between India and Europe by approximately 7000 km.

The correct option is Option D.

Rivers have been of fundamental importance throughout human history. Water from the rivers is a basic natural resource, essential for various human activities. The river banks have attracted settlers from ancient times. These settlements have also become big cities, that is why rivers are considered the lifelines of human civilization.

Factors determining the distribution of Ebony and Rosewood trees:

To determine the areas where ebony and rosewood trees are found, we need to consider the amount of rainfall in those regions. Both ebony and rosewood trees thrive in specific rainfall conditions. Let's analyze the rainfall requirements for these trees:

1. Ebony Trees:

• Ebony trees are typically found in areas with high rainfall.


• These trees prefer a consistently moist environment.


• They require ample water supply to grow and thrive.

2. Rosewood Trees:

• Rosewood trees also prefer regions with a significant amount of rainfall.


• They can tolerate slightly drier conditions compared to ebony trees, but still require a substantial amount of moisture.


• Insufficient rainfall can negatively impact the growth and health of rosewood trees.

Relationship between Ebony and Rosewood trees and rainfall:

Based on the rainfall requirements of ebony and rosewood trees, we can conclude that:

Answer: A - More than 200 cm

Ebony and rosewood trees are found in areas with annual rainfall exceeding 200 cm. These areas provide the necessary moisture for the healthy growth and development of these tree species.

It is important to note that while both ebony and rosewood trees thrive in regions with high rainfall, they may have specific preferences for soil types, temperature ranges, and other ecological factors. However, the primary factor determining their distribution is the amount of rainfall in the region.

These forests are restricted to heavy rainfall areas of the Western Ghats and the island groups of Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar,upper parts of Assam and Tamil Nadu coast.

Explanation:

• Jet Streams: Jet streams are fast flowing cold air currents in a narrow zone in the upper atmosphere. They occur at high altitudes, typically above 7 miles, and can reach speeds of over 100 mph.

Significance of Jet Streams:

• Weather Patterns: Jet streams play a crucial role in shaping weather patterns around the world. They can influence the movement of storms, as well as the temperature and precipitation in different regions.


• Aviation: Pilots often take advantage of jet streams to save fuel and reduce flight time. Flying with the jet stream can help planes travel faster, while flying against it can increase travel time.


• Climate Change: Changes in jet stream patterns can be linked to climate change. Shifts in the jet stream can lead to extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, droughts, and floods.

Formation of Jet Streams:

• Temperature Contrasts: Jet streams are formed due to the temperature differences between air masses. The large temperature gradient between polar and tropical air creates strong winds in the upper atmosphere.


• Coriolis Effect: The rotation of the Earth also plays a role in the formation of jet streams. The Coriolis effect causes the winds to curve, creating the narrow, fast-flowing currents we observe as jet streams.


• Pressure Systems: High and low-pressure systems can also influence the formation and strength of jet streams. Pressure gradients can intensify or weaken the winds within the jet stream.

By understanding the nature and significance of jet streams, meteorologists can better predict weather patterns and improve aviation efficiency.

Loktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in North -East India is famous for the phumdis floating over it. Keibul Lamjao the only floating national park in the world. It is located near Moirang in Manipur state, India.

The correct option is C.
Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon, spread over the Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on the east coast of India, at the mouth of the Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal, covering an area of over 1,100 km.

Sambhar Salt Lake is India's largest saline lake and is the source of most of Rajasthan's salt production. It produces 196,000 tonnes of clean salt every year.

Coldest Months in Northern India

• A: October-November


• B: November-December


• C: December-January


• D: January-February

Explanation

• December-January: December and January are considered the coldest months in the northern part of India. During this time, temperatures drop significantly, especially in regions like the Himalayas and the northwestern plains. The winter season is at its peak during these months, with frosty mornings and chilly nights.

Therefore, option C: December-January is the correct answer as the coldest months in the northern part of India.

Internal migration does not change the size of the population, but changes the distribution of population within the nation.

The Indian landmass has a central location between East and West Asia. India is a southward extension of the Asian continent. The trans Indian Ocean routes which connect the countries of Europe in the West to the countries of East Asia provide a strategic central location to India. The Deccan peninsula protrudes into the Indian Ocean, thus helping India to establish close contact with West Asia, Africa and Europe from the Western coast and South-East and East Asia from the Eastern coast. No other country has a long coastline on the Indian Ocean as India has. Thus, India's eminent position in the Indian Ocean justifies the naming of an ocean after it.

Kanyakumari is located near the equator whereas Kashmir is located far away from the equator.

We know that the day and night are almost 12 hours each on the equator.

Hence, places located close to the equator do not feel a difference between the duration of day and night.

The difference increases as we go far from the equator.

Explanation:
The term that refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than thirty years) is Climate. Here is a detailed explanation:
- Atmosphere: The term atmosphere refers to the layer of gases surrounding the Earth. While it plays a crucial role in determining weather patterns, it does not encompass the long-term weather conditions over a large area.
- Annual range of temperature: This term refers to the difference between the highest and lowest temperatures experienced in a year. While it provides information about temperature variations, it does not capture the long-term weather conditions over a large area.
- Climate: Climate refers to the average weather conditions, including temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind patterns, and other elements, over a long period of time (typically more than thirty years) in a specific region or area. It takes into account the variations and patterns observed in weather conditions and provides a comprehensive understanding of the long-term climate characteristics of a particular area.
- Monsoons: Monsoons are seasonal wind systems that are characterized by a change in wind direction and bring significant amounts of rainfall to specific regions during a particular time of the year. While monsoons are an important aspect of weather patterns, they do not encompass the entirety of long-term weather conditions over a large area.
Therefore, the correct term that refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time is Climate.

Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of the atmosphere on some chosen scale. It is commonly measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit. Temperature is a very important factor in determining the weather, because it influences other elements of the weather.

Chilika Lake is the largest saltwater lake in India. The lake spreads across the districts of Puri, Khurda and Ganjam in the state of Odisha in eastern India.

Some vital features of Chilika Lake are: It is formed by 52 rivers and rivulets, the water spread area of Chilika varies between 900 to 1165 sq.

Answer:
The Yak (ox) and the Bharal are found in the region of Ladakh, which is located in Jammu and Kashmir. Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Introduction:
The Yak and the Bharal are two distinct animals that are found in the region of Ladakh.
2. The Yak:
- The Yak, also known as the domesticated ox, is a large bovine animal.
- It is primarily found in the high-altitude regions of the Himalayas, including Ladakh.
- Yaks are well-adapted to the harsh climate of Ladakh, with their thick fur and strong bodies.
- They are often used by the local people for transportation and as pack animals.
3. The Bharal:
- The Bharal, also known as the blue sheep, is a species of sheep found in the high-altitude mountainous regions of Ladakh.
- They are known for their distinctive bluish-gray coloration and curved horns.
- Bharals are well-adapted to the rugged terrain of Ladakh and can be found grazing on steep slopes and rocky cliffs.
4. Ladakh:
- Ladakh is a region located in the northern part of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.
- It is known for its high-altitude desert landscape and extreme weather conditions.
- The region is sparsely populated and is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including the Yak and the Bharal.
- Ladakh provides a suitable habitat for these animals due to its cold climate and availability of grazing areas.
In conclusion, the Yak and the Bharal are found in the region of Ladakh, which is located in Jammu and Kashmir. These animals have adapted to the harsh climate and rugged terrain of Ladakh, making it their natural habitat.

India is the seventh largest country with the second population of the world. Russia is the largest country India got the seventh position with 3287263 km² area.

The land mass of India has an area of 3.28 million square km. India’s total area accounts for about 2.4 per cent of the total geographica area of the world. From the Figure 1.2 it is clear that India is the seventh largest country of the world. India has a land boundary of about 15,200 km and the total length of the coast line of the mainland including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep is 7,516.6 km.

The natural habitat of the Indian lion is the Gir forest in Gujarat. Here is a detailed explanation:
Indian Lion Habitat
- The Indian lion, also known as the Asiatic lion or the Persian lion, is found in the Gir forest and surrounding areas in Gujarat, India.
- This is the only natural habitat of the Indian lion in the world, making it an important conservation area.
- The Gir forest is a protected area that covers approximately 1,412 square kilometers and is known for its dry deciduous forest and open grasslands.
Characteristics of Gir Forest
- The Gir forest is characterized by its mix of dry deciduous forest, thorny vegetation, and open grasslands.
- It has a diverse ecosystem that supports a wide variety of flora and fauna.
- The forest is dominated by teak trees and other species like acacia, flame of the forest, and banyan trees.
Conservation Efforts
- The Indian lion was once on the brink of extinction, with only a few dozen individuals left in the wild.
- Thanks to dedicated conservation efforts, the population has increased over the years, but it is still considered endangered.
- The Gir forest and surrounding areas have been declared as a protected area and a national park to ensure the survival of the Indian lion.
In conclusion, the natural habitat of the Indian lion is the Gir forest in Gujarat, India. This unique ecosystem supports the survival of this endangered species and serves as an important conservation area.

Trees in a thorn forest are:
There are four options given: A, B, C, D. The correct answer is C: Scattered.
Explanation:
Thorn forests are characterized by their dry and arid conditions, which are often found in regions with low rainfall. In such environments, the trees have adapted to survive with limited water resources. Here's why the correct answer is C:
Scattered:
- Trees in a thorn forest are typically found scattered throughout the landscape.
- They are not densely packed together like in a forest with a higher water supply.
- The spacing between the trees allows them to maximize their access to limited water and nutrients.
- This adaptation helps the trees avoid competition for resources and increases their chances of survival in the arid conditions.
Tall:
- While some trees in a thorn forest may grow tall, it is not a defining characteristic of this type of ecosystem.
- The lack of abundant water and nutrients may limit the height that trees can reach.
- Additionally, the scattered distribution of trees may result in varying heights across the landscape.
Dense:
- Thorn forests are not known for their dense tree cover.
- The dry and arid conditions make it challenging for trees to grow close together.
- The lack of water and nutrients restricts the growth and density of vegetation in these ecosystems.
None of these:
- This option is incorrect as the scattered distribution of trees is indeed a characteristic of thorn forests.
In conclusion, trees in a thorn forest are scattered rather than tall or dense. This adaptation allows them to survive in dry and arid conditions by maximizing their access to limited resources.

Medicinal Plant with High Antibiotic and Antibacterial Properties: Neem

• Neem: Neem, also known as Azadirachta indica, is a powerful medicinal plant that has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine for its antibiotic and antibacterial properties.


• Antibiotic Properties: Neem contains compounds like nimbin, nimbidin, and nimbidol that have been found to exhibit strong antibiotic properties. These compounds help in fighting off harmful bacteria and preventing infections.


• Antibacterial Properties: Neem is also rich in antibacterial compounds like gedunin and nimbolide, which can inhibit the growth of bacteria and prevent them from spreading.


• Uses: Neem is commonly used to treat various skin conditions like acne, eczema, and psoriasis due to its antibacterial properties. It is also used in oral care products for its ability to fight off bacteria in the mouth.


• Other Benefits: In addition to its antibiotic and antibacterial properties, neem also has antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making it a versatile and potent medicinal plant.

The triangular shaped Peninsular Plateau of India extends from the south of Indo-Ganga Plain to the Cape Comorin (now Kanyakumari). This plateau is one of the oldest surfaces of the Earth and represents a segregated part of the old Gondwanaland.

Peninsular plateau is nothing but Indian peninsula.Indian peninsula was a part of Gondwana land.Peninsular plateau is the oldest landmass because Over 200 million years ago Gondwana land was split into pieces and the indian peninsular plate collided with the much larger eurasian plate.

Answer:
The forest that is affected by tides in coastal areas is the Mangroves forest.
Explanation:
Mangroves are unique coastal forests that are found in tropical and subtropical regions. They are specifically adapted to survive in saline water environments, where they experience the regular rise and fall of tides.
Here is a detailed explanation of why mangroves are affected by tides in coastal areas:
1. Adaptations to saline water:
- Mangroves have specialized root systems called pneumatophores that allow them to breathe in oxygen even when submerged in water during high tide.
- They have salt-filtering mechanisms that enable them to remove excess salt from the water they absorb, thus preventing salt buildup in their tissues.
2. Growth in intertidal zones:
- Mangroves typically grow in the intertidal zones, which are the areas between the high and low tide marks.
- As the tides rise and fall, mangroves experience the alternating periods of being submerged and exposed to air.
3. Benefits of tidal influence:
- The regular tidal flow brings in nutrients and sediments from the sea, which enriches the soil in mangrove forests.
- The rise and fall of tides also help in dispersing mangrove propagules (seeds) and facilitate their colonization in new areas.
4. Protection against coastal erosion:
- The dense network of mangrove roots helps in stabilizing the coastal soil, reducing the impact of waves and currents, and preventing coastal erosion.
In conclusion, mangroves are uniquely adapted to thrive in coastal areas where they are affected by the regular ebb and flow of tides. They play a crucial role in coastal ecosystems by providing habitat for diverse wildlife, contributing to carbon sequestration, and protecting coastlines from erosion and storm surges.

Dachigam National Park is located 22 kilometers from Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. It covers an area of 141 km square. The name of the park literally stands for " ten villages" which could be in memory of ten villages that were relocated for its formation.

Explanation:

• Location of Javadi Hills and Shevroy Hills: These two hills are located in the south-eastern part of the Eastern Ghats mountain range in India.


• Javadi Hills: Javadi Hills are situated in the Tiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu. They are known for their scenic beauty and are a popular destination for trekking and nature enthusiasts.


• Shevroy Hills: Shevroy Hills are located in the Salem district of Tamil Nadu. These hills are also a great spot for trekking and offer panoramic views of the surrounding landscapes.


• Comparison with other hill ranges: The other options provided - Mizo Hills, Naga Hills, Patkoi Hills, and Manipuri Hills - are located in the northeastern part of India and are not part of the Eastern Ghats range.


• Conclusion: Therefore, the correct answer is option A: Javadi Hills and Shevroy Hills are the two hills located in the south-eastern region of the Eastern Ghats.

The Himalayas prevent the cold winds from Central Asia from entering the subcontinent. It is because of these mountains that this subcontinent experiences comparatively milder winters as compared to central Asia. .During winter, there is a high-pressure area north of the Himalayas.

Atmospheric Conditions Governing Climate and Weather in India:
The climate and associated weather conditions in India are influenced by various atmospheric conditions. These conditions can be categorized as follows:
1. Pressure and surface winds:
- The distribution of pressure and surface winds play a crucial role in determining the climate patterns in India.
- The Indian subcontinent experiences a monsoonal climate, which is characterized by the seasonal reversal of winds.
- During the summer (June-September), the southwest monsoon winds bring abundant moisture and rainfall to India, while during the winter (October-May), the northeast monsoon winds bring dry and cool conditions.
2. Upper air circulation:
- Upper-level atmospheric circulation patterns, such as the jet stream and the subtropical westerly jet, significantly influence the weather conditions in India.
- The position and strength of these upper-level circulations determine the movement and intensity of weather systems, such as cyclones and anticyclones.
3. Western cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones:
- Western cyclonic disturbances originating from the Mediterranean region and tropical cyclones originating from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea have a significant impact on weather conditions in India.
- These weather systems bring heavy rainfall, strong winds, and sometimes even destructive storms to different parts of the country.
Therefore, all of the above atmospheric conditions, including pressure and surface winds, upper air circulation, and western and tropical cyclonic disturbances, govern the climate and associated weather conditions in India.

Lakshadweep is a tropical archipelago of 36 atolls and coral reefs in the Laccadive Sea, off the coast of Kerala, India. Not all of the islands are inhabited, and only a few are open to visitors (permits required). Kavaratti, one of the more developed islands, is home to dozens of mosques, including the ornately decorated Ujra Mosque, as well as Kavaratti Aquarium, showcasing regional fish, shark and coral species. 

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, one of the seven union territories of India, are a group of islands at the juncture of the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea.

The territory is 150 km (93 mi) north of Aceh in Indonesia and separated from Thailand and Myanmar (Burma) by the Andaman Sea. It comprises two island groups, the Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands, separated by the 10degN parallel, with the Andamans to the north of this latitude, and the Nicobars to the south (or by 179 km). The Andaman Sea lies to the east and the Bay of Bengal to the west.