HPCL Civil Engineer Mock Test - 2 - HPSC (Haryana) MCQ

Given:

A's investment is three times B's investment.

B's monthly salary: Rs. 50,000

Gross profit at the end of the year: Rs. 30 lakh

Calculation:

The total annual salary of B = 12 × 50,000 = Rs. 600000 = Rs. 6 lakh

Deduct B's salary from the gross profit

The annual net profit = Rs. 30 lakh - Rs. 6 lakh = Rs. 24 lakh.

B's capital contribution ratio to the total capital = =

Since A's contribution is 3 times that of B, making the total 4 parts.

B's share of the profit = Rs. 24 × = Rs. 6 lakh.

The total money received by B is his salary plus his share of the profit:

⇒ 6 lakh (salary) + Rs. 6 lakh (profit) = 12 lakh

∴ The total money received by B is Rs. 12 lakh.

The given statement is: D > B ≥ W, Y > W > M

Combine the statement: D > B ≥ W, Y > W > M

Conclusions:

I. B ≥ M → False (as D > B ≥ W, Y > W > M gives; as B ≥ W > M; so B > M).

II. M < D → True (as D > B ≥ W, Y > W > M gives; as D > B ≥ W > M; so M < D).

Hence, the correct answer is “Only conclusion II is true”.

Given alphabetical order:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Nineteenth letter from the left end: S

Sixth to the left of S: M

Hence, the correct answer is "M".

Ganga: It is one of the major rivers in the Indian subcontinent, flowing across northern India.

Shivasamudra: It is a town in the state of Karnataka, India, famous for the Shivasamudra Falls, where the river Kaveri cascades. So in this context, it's basically a waterfall.

Dhuandhar: It's a waterfall located in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh on Narmada River.

Jog: The Jog Falls is also a waterfall located in the Indian state of Karnataka.

So, the odd one out here is the "Ganga" because it is a river.

Whereas;

The other three are all waterfalls.

Hence, the correct answer is "Ganga".

Additional Information

Shivasamudra is a waterfall on the Kaveri river.

Dhuandhar is also a waterfall, but on the Narmada river.

Jog is a waterfall in Karnataka.

Five friends:

1) Naresh is taller than Dinesh and Kunal.

Naresh > Dinesh/Kunal

2) Mahesh is taller than Rajeev, but not as tall as Naresh.

Naresh > Mahesh > Rajeev

3) Dinesh is shorter than Rajeev, but is not the shortest.

Rajeev > Dinesh > Kunal

Combining all the statements:

Naresh > Mahesh > Rajeev > Dinesh > Kunal

So, Naresh is the tallest among them.

Hence, the correct answer is "Naresh".

• The use of "more" before "better" is incorrect as "better" is already a comparative form of the adjective "good".
• The correct comparative form of "good" is "better", and the superlative form is "the best".
• Therefore, the correct sentence should be "The new restaurant is better than the old one."

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Important Points

• The comparative and superlative forms of adjectives are used to compare and describe different degrees of a particular quality.

• Comparative Form:

  • Usage: The comparative form is used when you are comparing two things or two groups.

  • Formation: Most adjectives form the comparative by adding "-er" (e.g., faster, taller) or by using "more" before the adjective (e.g., more beautiful, more interesting).

  • Example: The cat is faster than the dog.

• Superlative Form:

  • Usage: The superlative form is used when you are comparing more than two things or groups, indicating the highest degree of quality.

  • Formation: Most adjectives form the superlative by adding "-est" (e.g., fastest, tallest) or by using "most" before the adjective (e.g., most beautiful, most interesting).

  • Example: The cheetah is the fastest land animal.

The correct answer is Option 3 i.e. smoking.

Key Points

• In this context, the doctor advised me to stop something. 'Something' indicates a noun or noun phrase.
• 'smoke' is a verb. We turn a verb into a noun by adding 'ing' (Verb+ing) to it. Then it is called 'gerund'.
• Hence, smoking will fill the blank.
  • Example: The doctor advised me to start exercising.

Therefore, the correct answer is- "The doctor advised me to stop smoking."

Additional Information

• "Smoker" refers to a person who smokes and is not the correct form to follow "stop" in this context.
• "Smoke" is the base form of the verb, but the advice suggests stopping an ongoing action, which is best expressed by "smoking."
• "Smoked" is the simple past tense form, which does not fit grammatically or contextually after "stop."

1. D is sitting across B and second to the left of A. F is a neighbour of B.

2. E is not a neighbour of A. Thus, E will be sitting between F and D.

The final arrangement will be:

Thus, E is sitting second to the left of C.

Hence, the correct answer is ‘E’.

Total number of triangles:

Hence, ‘12’ is the correct answer.

Given:

Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 10 hours and 15 hours respectively.

Another pipe C can empty the same tank in 18 hours.

Pipes A and C are opened for an hour followed by pipe B alone for an hour alternatively.

Formula used:

Total capacity = LCM

Efficiency = Total Capacity/Time

Calculation:

Assuming Total capacity of the tank = LCM (10, 15, 18) = 90 units, lcm of 10, 15 and 18

Efficiency of A = 90/10 = 9 units/hr

Efficiency of B = 90/15 = 6 units/hr

Efficiency of C = 90/18 = 5 units/hr

It is given that pipe A and C are opened together for the first hour and followed by pipe B alternatively.

So, in 1^st hour A and C worked = 9 – 5 = 4 units

In 2^nd hour B will work = 6 units

So,10 units get completed in 2 hours

This process is repeated for 9 more time

So, Time to fill the tank = 2 × 9 = 18 hours

∴ 90 units get completed in 18 hours

Given:

Total outcomes when three dice rolled simultaneously. 6³ = 216

Formula Used:

Probability = (possible outcomes/Total outcomes)

Calculation:

Total outcomes when three dice rolled simultaneously,

⇒ 63 = 216

Possible outcome to getting of sum of 18,

⇒ (6, 6, 6) = 1

Probability = 1/216

∴ The probability of getting a sum of 18 is 1/216

The correct answer is 'Stoic'.

Key Points

• Meaning of the words:
  • Hypocrite (नाटकीय) - a person who pretends to have virtues, moral or religious beliefs, principles, etc., that he or she does not actually possess.
  • Stoic (संतापहीन) - a person who can endure pain or hardship without showing their feelings or complaining; someone who remains calm and unaffected by pleasure or pain.
  • Versatile (बहुमुखी) - able to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities; capable of turning easily from one to another.
  • Amateur (अव्यावसायिक) - a person who engages in a pursuit, especially a sport, on an unpaid basis.
    • Example sentence using the correct option: Ms. Scarlet's stoic demeanor was evident as she endured the pain without complaint.

Given:

Amount in 3 years = Rs. 39930

Amount in 2 years = Rs. 36300

Formula used:

A = P(1 + r/100)ⁿ

Where, A = Amount, r = Rate of interest, n = Time in year

Calculation:

According to the question,

39930 = P(1 + r/100)³ ----(1)

36300 = P(1 + r/100)² ----(2)

Dividing equation (1) by equation (2), we get

(39930/36300) = [(1 + r/100)³/(1 + r/100)²]

⇒ 11/10 = 1 + r/100

⇒ r/100 = 1/10

⇒ r = 10%

From equation (2),

36300 = P[1 + (10/100)]²

⇒ 36300 = P(11/10)²

⇒ P = 36300 × (100/121)

⇒ P = 30000

∴ The sum is Rs. 30000.

Given:

Varun saves Rs. 6,000 in the first four months, Rs. 8,000 for the next three months and Rs. 14,000 for the last five months

he spends Rs. 80,000 in the whole year

Formula used:

Income = Expenditure + Savings

Total Sum = Average × Number of terms

Calculation:

Total Savings = 6000 × 4 months + 8000 × 3 months + 14000 × 5 months

= 24000 + 24000 + 70000

= 118000

Total Expenditure = 80000

Total Income = 80000 + 118000

= 198000

Monthly salary = 198000/12

= 16500

Answer is Rs.16500.

Given:

14 men complete a work in 18 days.

Calculation:

According to the question

14 men complete a work = (14 × 18) days

Then,

21 men complete the same work = [(14 × 18)/21] days

⇒ (2 × 6) days

⇒ 12 days

∴ The time required to complete the same work will be 12 days

Given:

Principal = Rs. 20000

Rate = 8% per annum

Amount = Rs. 23200

Formula used:

Interest = (P × R × T)/100

SI = Amount - Principal

Where, P = Principal, R = Rate of interest, T = Time

Calculation:

Let the time be T years

SI = Amount - Principal

⇒ Rs. 23200 - Rs. 20000 = Rs. 3200

According to the question,

3200 = (20000 × 8 × T)/100

⇒ T = (3200 × 100)/160000

⇒ T = 2 years

∴ The time for which Radhika borrowed money is 2 years

Concept:

P_absolute = P_atmospheric + P_gauge

The pressure at any point in a static fluid is obtained by Hydro-static law which is given by-

∴ P = -ρgz

P increases when we go down (z negative) and decreases when we go up (z positive).

where P = pressure above atmospheric pressure and h = height of the point from the free surface.

Calculation:

Given:

P_atmospheric = 10.144 N/cm2, h = 3 km ⇒ 3000 m, ρ_air = 1.2 kg/m3, g = 9.81 m/s ²

P_gauge = -ρgz

P_gauge = -(1.2 × 9.81 × 3000) = - 35316 N/m² = - 3.53 N/cm²

Pabsolute = Patmospheric + Pgauge

Pabsolute = 10.144 - 3.53 = 6.612 N/cm2

Hydrograph:

• A hydrograph is a plot between discharge and time at any given section of a river, channel, etc.
• It is the graphical representation of measured discharge of stream.
• It is a response of a given catchment to the rainfall input.
• The shape of the rising limb of a hydrograph depends on both catchment characteristics and rainfall characteristics.
• The shape of the falling or recession limb of a hydrograph depends only on catchment characteristics.
• It is plotted with flows as the ordinates and time intervals as abscissas.
• The inflation point on the falling limb is often assumed to be the point where direct runoff ends.
• Time of Concentration is the time required by the entire drainage area to contribute to the runoff is called the time of concentration or time required by the most extreme point in the drainage to reach the point of interest.

Marshall Mix Design:1

(i) Marshal test is used for designing the bituminous concrete mix for pavement construction

Concept:

Role of ϕ-index in rainfall

If rainfall is less than ϕ-index then, the infiltration rate is given as

Infiltration rate = Rainfall rate

If rainfall is greater than ϕ-index then, the infiltration rate is given as

Infiltration rate = ϕ-index

That means, above the infiltration rate

Excess rainfall = Runoff

Calculation:

Given,

Catchment area = 250 km²

Rainfall depths are 6.2 cm and 5.0 cm in successive 2 hr periods

∴ Rainfall depths in 1 hr period are 6.2/2 = 3.1 cm/hr and 5/2 = 2.5 cm/hr

ϕ-index = 1.2 cm/hour

Runoff depth = (3.1 - 1.2) × 2 + (2.5 - 1.2) × 2 = 3.8 + 2.6 = 6.4 cm

Runoff volume = Runoff Dept × Area of catchment

Runoff volume = 6.4 × 10^-2 × 250 × 10⁶ = 1600 × 10⁴ = 1600 ha.m

Hence the runoff volume in ha-m is 1600 ha.m

Depth of exploration: Depth up to which the increase in pressure due to structural loading is likely to cause perceptible settlement or shear failure is known as the significant depth.

It depends upon the type of structure, its weight, size, shape and disposition of the loaded areas, and the soil profile and its properties.

It is about the depth up to a level at which the net increase in vertical pressure becomes less than 10% of the initial overburden pressure. Sometimes it is also depth for which a pressure bulb bounded by an isobar of one-fifth or one-tenth of the surface loading intensity.

Penetration Test:

• The hardness of bitumen is obtained by the penetration test.
• The unit of penetration is 1/10 mm.
• Thus 80/100 grade bitumen means 8 - 10 mm penetration.

Softening point:

• The softening point is the temperature at which the substance attains a particular degree of softening under the specified conditions of the test.
• The apparatus used to determine softening point of bitumen is RING AND BALL assembly.

As per BIS bitumen grade 85/40, 65/25, etc. the first and second number represents softening point and penetration or consistency point.

Concept:

Temporary adjustments of a Surveyor’s Compass:

The following temporary adjustments are done after fixing the surveyor’s compass on the tripod.

1. Centering

• Centering is the process of setting up the instrument exactly over the station peg.
• The centering is done by moving the legs of the tripod.
• If the compass has an arrangement for attaching a plumb bob to its base, the centering is considered when the plumb bob is exactly over the peg fixed on the station.
• A compass does not need very accurate centering, unlike very precise instruments such as a theodolite.

2. Levelling

• Leveling is required so that the graduated ring is horizontal and it swings freely on the pivot.
• Both the ends of the needle should be at level with the graduated ring.
• If leveling screws and level tubes are fitted to the compass, the leveling is achieved by manipulating the leveling screws.
• If there are no leveling screws, the leveling is done by the ball-and-socket arrangement.

Permanent Adjustment of Surveyor’s compass is as follows:

1. Adjustment of levels
2. Adjustment of sight vanes
3. Adjustment for the sensitivity of the needle
4. Adjustment for straightness of the needle.
5. Adjustment of the pivot

Concept:

According to IS 10500-1012 acceptable limit and permissible limit of some characters present in drinking water are given below :

The maximum permissible limit of turbidity (NTU) in drinking water in the absence of an alternate source, as per IS 10500-2012 is 5.

Laminar Flow: Laminar flow is the flow in which fluid particles flow in layers. Each layer moves smoothly past the adjacent layer with little or no intermixing. There is no intermingling of fluid particles across the cross-section. So laminar flow resembles streamline flow.

Laminar flow through a circular pipe follows parabolic velocity distribution.

From the above diagram, we can see that the velocity distribution in laminar flow is parabolic and the velocity distribution in Turbulent flow is Logarithmic. As in the question figure the velocity distribution parabolic, Hence the given flow is laminar.

Concept:

Momentum thickness (θ): It is the distance perpendicular to the boundary of the body over which flow occurs by which the boundary should be displaced to compensate for the reduction in the momentum of the flowing fluid due to boundary layer formation. It is given by

Where u is the velocity at height y above the surface and is free stream velocity of flow

Calculation:

Given,

Therefore,

Merging Node: When more than one activity comes and joins a node such a node is known as the merging node. A merging node will have a uniquely determinable Late Event Time.

Bursting Node: When more than one activity leaves a node such a node is known as a bursting node.

Merging and Burst event: An activity may be a merge and burst event at the same time as with respect to some activities it can be a merge event and with respect to some other activities it may be a burst event.

Let X and Z are bursting and merging nodes and A, B, and C are three activities in a part Network, We need to represent these activities in such a way that there will be activity on each path between the X and Z node.

This can be done by putting two dummies as shown below:

Path 1 = A (X Y)

Path 2 = B (X Z Y)

Path 3 = C (X W Y)

Activity A, B, and C are parallel to node X and node Y, and there is one path for each the activity to the end of activity Y

Concept:

Stability of Finite slopes:

Stability analysis is generally done either using total stress analysis or effective stress analysis.

Total stress analysis is used for immediately after construction stability check while Effective stress analysis is used for long term after construction stability check.

Various methods based on Total stress analysis:

(1) Swedish circle Method

(2) Friction circle Method

(3) ϕ_U = 0 Analysis.

In this case we use Unconsolidated undrained test results.

Various methods based on Effective stress analysis are:

(1) Taylor’s method

(2) Bishop’s method.

In this case we use CU or CD test analysis results.

An activity is an actual performance of the task which requires both time and cost resources for its completion. Ex: Excavation, casting of beam and erection of turbines are some activities. The estimated time required to complete an activity is known as duration of an activity.

Characteristics of an activity in a network are:

1. An activity lies between two nodes. Number of nodes increase as the activity progresses.

2. Length of arrow has no significance in an activity.

3. An activity can start only when its tail event occurs.

4. An activity cannot occur more than once in the network.

Note:

Float is the time by which starting or finishing of an activity can be delayed without affecting the schedule completion period of a project.

If float = 0 i.e. Zero float, such events called critical events and these represent that project is on the schedule.

If float < 0 i.e. negative float, such events called supercritical events and these represent that project is already behind the schedule.

If float > 0 i.e. positive float, such events called subcritical events and these represent that project is ahead of the schedule.

Concept:

In railways, the disc signals are provided for the purpose of shunting.

1. When the red band of the disc is in a horizontal position, it indicates “STOP”.
2. When the red band of the disc is in an inclined position, it indicates “PROCEED” slowly for shunting.​

The indications of a disc signal is depicted in following diagram:

Disc Signals/Shunting Signals:

• The disc signals are in the form of a circular disc with a red band on a white background and these discs can rotate in a vertical plane. By rotating the disc different operations are instructed.
• In railways, disc signals are used to instruct various operations like changing the locomotive of a train, attaching/detaching of wagons, changing the order of wagons, etc. These kinds of operations are collectively known as shunting or shunt moves.