HPSC PGT Chemistry Mock Test - 10 - HPSC TGT/PGT MCQ

The correct answer is Sun.

Key Points

• Renewable source of energy:
  • Renewable energy is useful energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, including carbon-neutral sources like sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.
  • This type of energy source stands in contrast to fossil fuels, which are being used far more quickly than they are being replenished.
  • Although most renewable energy is sustainable energy, some are not, for example, some biomass is unsustainable.
  • Renewable energy often provides energy in four important areas: electricity generation, air, and water heating/cooling, transportation, and rural (off-grid) energy services.
• Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides, plant growth, and geothermal heat, as the International Energy Agency explains.
• Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly.
• In its various forms, it derives directly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth.
• Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and biofuels, and hydrogen derived from renewable resources.
• Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency, and technological diversification of energy sources, would result in significant energy security and economic benefits.
• It would also reduce environmental pollution such as air pollution caused by the burning of fossil fuels and improve public health, reduce premature mortalities due to pollution and save associated health costs that amount to several hundred billion dollars annually only in the United States.
• Renewable energy sources, that derive their energy from the sun, either directly or indirectly, such as hydro and wind, are expected to be capable of supplying humanity energy for almost another 1 billion years, at which point the predicted increase in heat from the Sun is expected to make the surface of the Earth too hot for liquid water to exist.

The correct answer is A - I, B - II, C - III, D - IV.

Key Points

• Tomb of Ibrahim Lodi is in Panipat.
  • He was the sultan of Lodi dynasty.
  • Ibrahim Lodi's tomb is actually situated near the tehsil office in Panipat, close to the Dargah of Sufi saint Bu Ali Shah Qalandar.
  • It is a simple rectangular structure on a high platform approached by a flight of steps.
• Tomb of Sheikh Chilli is in Thanesar, it includes two tombs, Mughal gardens and other structures.
• Gujari Mahal is in Hisar.
• Sheesh Mahal is in Farrukhnagar.
  • It was built by Faujdar khan.
  • The Sheesh Mahal was the residential palace of Faujdar Khan, the governor appointed by Emperor Farrukh Siyar, the great-grandson of emperor Aurangzeb. The palace was built by Khan in 1733 AD.

The correct answer is Thel.Key Points

• Odhni or chunder is a long piece of cloth that women wear over their attire.
• The chunders have colorful borders with different patterns. Women use one end of the chunder to cover their heads.
• The other end is tucked in their waistline in the front
• Women of Ahir Community wear angina - lehenga with a chunder.
• Angia is a tight-fitting blouse that women wear to cover their torsos. The blouses come only till midway through the torso.

Additional Information Traditional Dresses of Haryana For Men

• Dhoti is a big piece of cotton fabric wrapped around the legs and waist of men.
• It is pulled in from the middle waistline.
• The loose corners are tucked in from the back for a perfect fit.
• Over their upper body, the men wear a shirt or kurta.

The correct answer is Phag dance.

Key Points

• The Phag or Phalgun dance is performed by the agricultural folks of Haryana in the months of February- March.
• This dance celebrates the harvest of the farmers and is essentially an expression of joy and bliss.
• The men sport the most colourful and best of their turbans during the performance, while the women wear colourful traditional costumes.
• The dance is performed in the Dhamal style of Haryana.
• There are different songs for the male and the female performers.

Additional Information

•  Loor Dance 
  • Loor dance is one of the popular traditional folk dances of the northern Indian state of Haryana.
  • It is a medium for the local people to express joy and sorrow.
  • It is performed during the month of 'Phalguna' which corresponds to February of the Gregorian calendar.
  • The dance is also performed during the festival of Holi.
• Khodia Dance
  • It is a variant of the Jhumar dance and is exclusively performed by women.
  • This dance is very popular in certain parts of central Haryana.
  • The dancers wear gleaming gold-work skirts and colourful chunries.
  • One of the dancers begins by singing a folk song and is followed by the rest of the dancers to form a circular arrangement.

The logic is:

the pattern being followed here is:

(Number)² : (Number)³

1. 225 : 3375 → 15² : 15³

2. 49 : 280 → 7² : 7³ = 343 ≠ 280

3. 64 : 512 → 8² : 8³

4. 25 : 125 → 5² : 5³

Hence, ‘49 : 280’ is the odd one out. 

The National Education Policy 2020 proposed various reforms in school education as well as higher education including technical education that has to be adopted by all educational institutions.

Key Points The ECCE program needs to be determined by children’s developmental and contextual needs, providing for more need-based inputs and an enabling environment.

• Ensuring quality ECCE - early childhood care and education for all children between 3-6 years.
• It was believed that a common ‘curriculum’ would not be appropriate for all.
• It comprises details of the goals for different domains of development, i.e. physical, language, cognitive, socio-emotional, creative, and aesthetic appreciation, to be fostered to ensure holistic development of children under six years.​

Hence we can say that the full form of ECCE is Early Childhood Care and Education.

Additional Information Other reforms of NEP 2020 include -

• Equitable and inclusive education - Special emphasis is given to Socially and Economically Disadvantaged  Groups (SDGs).
• Ensuring Universal Access at All Levels of schooling from pre-primary school to Grade 12.
• New Curricular and Pedagogical Structure (5+3+3+4).
• Setting up of State School Standards Authority (SSSA).

National Education Policy 2020 is the first education policy of the 21st century and aims to address the many growing developmental imperatives of our country. This Policy proposes the revision and revamping of all aspects of the educational structure, including its regulation and governance, to create a new system that is aligned with the aspirational goals of 21st-century education.

Key PointsFeatures of NEP 2020:

• Teachers will be encouraged to use a bilingual approach, including bilingual teaching-learning materials, with those students whose home language may be different from the medium of instruction. 
• Children will be exposed to different languages early on (but with a particular emphasis on the mother tongue), starting from the Foundational Stage onwards as multilingualism has great cognitive benefits for young students.
• Multilingualism aims at using languages of all children for teaching-learning and increasing the better innate understanding of how language works. It enhances creativity, divergent thinking, and appreciation of local languages.
• As per the new National Education Policy (NEP), the medium of instruction until at least Grade 5, but preferably till Grade 8 and beyond, will be the home language/mother-tongue/local language/regional language.
• The three-language formula will continue to be implemented while keeping in mind the Constitutional provisions, aspirations of the people, regions, and the Union, and the need to promote multilingualism as well as promote national unity.

Thus,it is concluded that 'multilingualism has great cognitive benefits for young students' statement is proposed in National Education Policy 2020.

The atmosphere surrounding the Earth is made up of many gases, the most prevalent of which are nitrogen and oxygen. It also contains water vapor, dust and ozone. In the lowest layer of the atmosphere the troposphere the higher up you go, the lower the temperature.

XeF₂ molecular geometry is linear. It acquires such shape as the lone pairs present around the central atom tend to take up equatorial positions. The bond angle is said to be 180°.

Alkaline earth metals have valency +2. So on reaction with halogen, they form compounds MX₂.

Benzene diazonium chloride is hydrolysed to phenol when heated with water.
ArN₂Cl + H₂O ----> ArOH + N₂ + HCl 

Preparation of Hydrogen from H₂O with Ca (Calcium)

• Hydrogen can be prepared from water (H₂O) through a chemical reaction with calcium (Ca).
• In this reaction, calcium acts as a reducing agent. This is because calcium has the ability to donate electrons during the reaction, which reduces the other reactant, in this case, water.
• The overall chemical reaction that occurs is: Ca + 2H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + H₂
• In this reaction, calcium (Ca) reacts with water (H₂O) to form calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) and hydrogen gas (H₂).
• The hydrogen gas that is produced can be collected and used for various purposes.
• Thus, out of the given options, it is calcium that can act as a reducing agent to prepare hydrogen from water.

Why Other Options are Incorrect

• Ag (Silver) and Au (Gold) are noble metals and do not readily participate in chemical reactions. They cannot act as reducing agents to produce hydrogen from water.
• Al (Aluminium) can act as a reducing agent, but it does not react with water under normal conditions to produce hydrogen.

Conclusion

• Therefore, the correct answer is option B: 'Ca, which acts as reducing agent'.

Also X, has CH₃— CH(OH)—, gives iodoform test and it is chiral.
 

Hunsdiecker reaction. 

Since the reaction is not reversible, equilibrium constant is zero.

The correct answer is option A
2-hexyne with Li/NH3​ gives trans-2-hexene. This reaction is also considered as Birch reduction.

Requirement of macronutrient per acre of the land is 5 to 200 kg

For C₃H₈ : 3C + 4H₂ → C₃H₈ ; ∆H₁
For C₃H₈ : 2C + 3H₂ → C₂H₆ ; ∆H₂
∆H₁ = -[2(C-C)+8(C-H)]+[3C_s→g+4(H-H)]     -(I)
∆H₂ = -[1(C-C)+6(C-H)]+[2C_s→g+3(H-H)]     -(2)
Let bond energy of C-C be x kcal and bond energy of C-H be y  kcal.
From eqn I and 2
 ∆H₁ = -[2x+8y]+[3×172+4×104]     -(3)
∆H₂ = -[x+6y]+[2×172+3×104]     -(4)
Also given, C+O₂ → CO₂; ∆H = -94.0 kcal     -(5)
H₂ + ½ O2 → H₂O ; ∆H = -68.0 kcal      -(6)
C₂H₆ + 7/2 O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O ; ∆H = -372 kcal     -(7)
C₃H₈ + 5O₂  → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O ; ∆H = -530 kcal-(8)
By inspection method,2 × (5) + 3 × (6) - (7) gives
2C + 3H₂ → C₂H₆ ; ∆H₂ = -20 kcal
And  3×(5) + 4×(6) -(8)
3C + 4H₂ → C₃H₈ ; ∆H₃ = -20 kcal 
By eqn. (3), (4), (9) and (10)
x+6y = 676
2x+8y = 956
x = 82 kcal and y = 99 kcal

 contains two unpaired electrons and is paramagnetic in nature. On the other hand, ,  and  contains all paired electrons and are diamagnetic in nature. 

The non metallic character decreases down the group.And we know the oxides of non-metal r acidic in genral.Hence acidic character of oxides decreases down d group. Down the group the size of the element increases, electronegativity decreases ,metallic character increases and hence the acidic character decrease.

Cs is electropositive element hence, it forms Cs+ ion. Hence, no covalent bonding.

Cs⁺ has stable inert gas configuration thus, Cs³⁺ is not formed.

By Fajans' rule,
Smaller the size of cation, larger the size of anion. Larger the charge on cation or anion, larger the polarising power and thus, greater the covalent nature.
NaF, Na₂O, Na₃N, Na⁺ is same.

Water has a maximum density at 4-degree centigrade, this is because at 4-degree centigrade, as opposite forces are in balance that is like the formation of Ice and maintaining of the liquid phase of water. Any less than 4-degree centigrade or greater than 4-degree centigrade, the water density is lesser than that of 4-degree centigrade.

When same quantity of electricity is passed, elements/gases are formed in the ratio of their equivalents
.

0.4m of KMnO₄ = 1 mole of SO₂
​= 1 mole of SO₃ 
2SO₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2SO₃
2      1         0
1      0.5       1
K = [SO₃]²/[SO₂]² [O₂]
= 12/(1²*0.5)
= 2