History Mock Test- 4 - Class 10 MCQ

Who was James Lackington?

• Publisher: James Lackington was a prominent publisher in the 18th century.


• Bookstore Owner: He was known for revolutionizing the book trade with his large and affordable bookstore in London.


• Innovator: Lackington introduced the concept of selling books at discounted prices, making reading more accessible to the general public.


• Successful Businessman: He built a successful business empire based on his innovative approach to selling books.


• Legacy: Lackington's contributions to the book trade have had a lasting impact on the industry.

In the late 19th century, Europeans were attracted to Africa due to its vast resources of land and minerals. Europeans came to Africa hoping to establish plantations and mines to produce crops and minerals for export to Europe. They could get cheap labour also to work on lesser wages in the mines and plantation farms.

When there was a dispute between Italy and France about religious and colonial problems, Bismarck took advantage of it and included Italy in his group. Thus, the Triple Alliance agreement was made among Germany-Austria-Italy in 1882.

Otto von Bismarck, the Iron Chancellor, was the reason for German unification. He ruled Prussia and Whole of Germany.

The answer is option (A). Penny Chapbooks were carried by petty pedlars known as chapmen in England. These books were sold for a penny, so that even the poor could buy them.

The art of printing first entered India through Goa. In a letter to St. Ignatius of Loyola, dated 30 April 1556, Father Gasper Caleza speaks of a ship carrying a printing press setting sail for Abyssinia from Portugal, with the purpose of helping missionary work in Abyssinia.

Scholar Expressing Anxiety about Printing

• Erasmus: The scholar who expressed a deep anxiety about printing was Erasmus. He was a Dutch humanist and theologian known for his scholarly works during the Renaissance period.

Reasons for Anxiety

• Spread of Ideas: Erasmus was concerned that printing could lead to the rapid spread of controversial or incorrect ideas, which could potentially harm society.


• Loss of Control: He feared that with the mass production of books, there would be a loss of control over the dissemination of knowledge and information.


• Impact on Authority: Erasmus also worried that printing could challenge the authority of traditional institutions such as the Church and universities.

Impact of Printing

• Despite his concerns, printing: Revolutionized the way information was shared, leading to the spread of knowledge and ideas on a larger scale.


• Contributed to the Reformation: Printing played a significant role in the Protestant Reformation, with works like Martin Luther's 95 Theses being widely circulated.


• Empowered Individuals: Printing empowered individuals to access information and form their own opinions, challenging traditional authority structures.

Introduction

In the late 8th century, hand-printing technology was introduced to Japan, marking a significant development in the country's cultural and artistic history. Let's explore who brought this technology to Japan during that time.

Answer

• Buddhist Missionaries: The hand-printing technology was brought into Japan around 768-770 AD by Buddhist missionaries.

Explanation

• Historical Context: During the Nara period in Japan (710-794 AD), there was a flourishing of cultural exchange with other East Asian countries, including China and Korea.


• Introduction of Hand-Printing Technology: Buddhist missionaries played a crucial role in bringing various cultural and technological advancements to Japan, including hand-printing technology.


• Impact on Japanese Art: The introduction of hand-printing technology revolutionized the art scene in Japan, leading to the creation of intricate woodblock prints that became popular during the Edo period.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Buddhist missionaries were responsible for bringing hand-printing technology into Japan around 768-770 AD, paving the way for significant advancements in Japanese art and culture.

The correct sequence is

(ii) The Great Depression: The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.

(i) The Second World War: World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945.

(iv) The IMF and the World Bank commenced financial operations: The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank were both created at an international conference convened in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States in July 1944.

(iii) The Chinese Revolution: The Chinese Communist Revolution, known in mainland China as the War of Liberation, was the conflict, led by the Chinese Communist Party and Chairman Mao Zedong, that resulted in the proclamation of the People's Republic of China, on 1 October 1949.

The correct sequence is

(iv) Potato Famine in Ireland: The Great Famine, also known as the Great Hunger, the Famine or the Irish Potato Famine, was a period of mass starvation and disease in Ireland from 1845 to 1852.

(ii) Rinderpest (Cattle Plague) had a terrifying impact on the livelihoods of the African people and the local economy: In Africa, in the 1890s, a fast-spreading disease of cattle plague or rinderpest had a terrifying impact on people's livelihoods and the local economy.

Direct Effect of the Great Depression on Indian Trade:

• Indian exports and imports nearly halved between 1928-1934: The Great Depression resulted in a significant decrease in international trade, causing a sharp decline in both India's exports and imports during this period.

Peasants and Tribals 

In various places peasants and tribal also participated in the movement. The movement was launched against the talukdars and landlords. For them Swaraj meant they would not be required to pay land dues i.e., land revenue, and the land they were cultivating would be distributed among them.

Though the Khilafat issue was not directly linked to Indian politics but it provided the immediate background to the movement and gave an added advantage of cementing Hindu-Muslim unity against British.It was wrong treatment meted out to Turkey by British where the Khalifa was removed from Khilafat.The Gandhiji felt it as a good chance to weld the unity among the Hindus and the Muslims against the common enemy British.

Kesari is a Marathi newspaperwhich was founded in 1881 by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a prominent leader of the Indian Independence movement.

Mahatma Jotiba Phule's Gulamgiri is considered one of the first tracts against the caste system. Published in 1885, it critiques the institution of caste through a 16-part essay and four poetic compositions, and it is written in the form of a dialogue between Jotiba, and a character he calls Dhondiba.

Marco Polo was a great explorer of Italy who stayed many years in China. Marco Polo returned back to Italy in 1295. The earliest kind of woodblock printing technology was developed in China. Marco Polo brought this knowledge back with him in Italy..

Explanation:

• Guerrilla Movement: The militant Guerrilla movement spread in the Gudem hills region.


• Garo Hills and Khasi Hills: Although Garo hills and Khasi hills are regions in Meghalaya, they did not experience the same level of Guerrilla movement as the Gudem hills.


• Significance of Gudem hills: The Gudem hills region became a hotspot for the Guerrilla movement due to various socio-political reasons.


• Impact of Guerrilla movement: The Guerrilla movement in Gudem hills had significant implications on the local population, government, and security forces.


• Resolution: The authorities took several measures to address the Guerrilla movement in the Gudem hills region and restore peace and stability.

The cultural links exhibits following values:-

(i) The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world.

(ii) Buddhist Monk went from to central Asia to China with merchant caravans, preaching the new religion.

(iii) Buddhist Monuments were discovered in numerous city along the silk route.

(iv) The silk route was the route for the new wave of Christianity.

(v) The silk route was not only the source of goods but also for exchange of technologies (production of silk, paper, gun powder and Guns).

(vi) The art of silk weaving and sericulture which was monopolised by China spread in central Asia, Iran and other country by this routes.

(vii) Chinese pottery also travelled the same route, as did textiles and spices from India and Southeast Asia. In return, precious metals – gold and silver -flowed from Europe to Asia.

(viii) Music Transition– Music of Turkey and central Asia, India, Samarkand were merge with Chinese musical transition.

(ix) Choreographic Culture- Actors from Turkey and Iran made significant contribution to the choreographic culture of China.

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Assertion (A) is true. The First World War, also known as World War I, was a global war that lasted from 1914 to 1918, and involved most of the world's major powers. It was characterized by new technology such as tanks, chemical weapons, and aircraft, as well as the mobilization of millions of soldiers and civilians.

Reason (R) is also true. The First World War was mainly fought in Europe, but it also included conflicts in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. It involved several major powers, such as the British Empire, the French Third Republic, the Russian Empire, the United States, Italy, and Japan. The war had a profound impact on the world, leading to the collapse of empires and the reshaping of borders.

Therefore the reason (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

 

Almanac: An annual publication giving astronomical data, information about the movements of the sun and moon, timing of full tides and eclipses, and much else that was of importance in the everyday life of the people.

The art of printing first entered India through Goa. In a letter to St. Ignatius of Loyola, dated 30 April 1556, Father Gasper Caleza speaks of a ship carrying a printing press setting sail for Abyssinia from Portugal, with the purpose of helping missionary work in Abyssinia.

Although most of the Congress leaders were in jail because of Civil Disobedience movement, Gandhiji opposed vehemently the idea of electorates based on religion and Caste and hence Congress didn't have any representatives in the first round table conference due to its boycott of Gandhi.

Reasons why the weavers were tied with the company traders:

• Under loans: The weavers were tied with the company traders because they were under loans. They had taken loans from the traders for buying raw materials and equipment for weaving.


• Lack of other work options: The weavers had no other place to work as they were dependent on the company traders for work opportunities. This lack of alternative employment options forced them to be tied with the traders.


• Less equipment: The weavers had less equipment required for weaving, which made them dependent on the traders who provided them with the necessary tools and resources to carry out their work.

• Hoogly, Surat and Masulispatnam are the three pre-colonial ports of India.
• Surat on the Gujarat coast connected India to the gulf and red seaports. Masulipatam on the coromandel coast.
• Hoogly in Bengal had trade links with Southeast Asian ports.

The East India Company appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in India to establish a more direct control over the weavers, free of the existing traders and brokers in the cloth trade. The Gomasthas were the paid servants who supervised the weavers,collected supplies and examined the quality of cloth.

Reasons for the Non-Cooperation movement being called off by Gandhiji:

• Due to the Chauri-Chaura violent incident: The Non-Cooperation movement was called off by Gandhiji after the Chauri-Chaura incident in 1922. During a protest in Chauri-Chaura, a group of protesters clashed with the police, leading to violence and the death of several policemen. Gandhiji felt that the movement had taken a violent turn, which went against his principles of non-violence.


• Protest against the British empire: The Non-Cooperation movement was initially launched by Gandhiji as a peaceful protest against British rule in India. However, after the Chauri-Chaura incident, he believed that the movement had lost its non-violent essence and could no longer achieve its objectives peacefully.

This gorgeous woodblock print is the front "page" of the oldest surviving print manuscript in the world. This Chinese version of the Buddhist "Diamond Sutra" was printed in northern China in 868. On May 11, 868, publishers in northern China printed the Diamond Sutra, which survives as the oldest dated, printed book.

The earliest kind of print technology was first developed in China.

Here is a detailed explanation:

1. Invention of Woodblock Printing:
- The earliest form of print technology was woodblock printing, which was invented in China during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD).
- Woodblock printing involved carving characters or images onto a wooden block, inking the block, and then pressing it onto paper or cloth to create a print.
- This invention revolutionized the dissemination of information, as it allowed for the mass production of texts and images.
2. Spread to East Asia:
- From China, woodblock printing spread to neighboring countries like Korea and Japan.
- The Koreans further developed the technique and introduced movable metal type printing in the 13th century, which allowed for more efficient printing.
3. Development of Printing Press:
- The next major advancement in print technology was the invention of the printing press with movable type by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century in Europe.
- While Gutenberg's invention had a profound impact on the history of printing, it was built upon the foundations of woodblock printing and movable type printing techniques that originated in China.
4. Impact of Chinese Print Technology:
- Chinese print technology played a crucial role in the spread of knowledge and culture throughout East Asia.
- It facilitated the printing of religious texts, classical literature, and scientific works, contributing to the preservation and dissemination of knowledge.
- The development of print technology in China also paved the way for future advancements in printing techniques worldwide.
Conclusion:
The earliest kind of print technology, woodblock printing, was first developed in China. This invention had a significant impact on the dissemination of information and laid the foundation for future advancements in printing technology.

Indentured labour means:
A: Labour, which is marked by identification marks on their bodies
- This statement is incorrect. Indentured labour is not marked by identification marks on their bodies.
B: A bonded labourer, under contract to work for a specific time for his employer, to pay off his passage to a new country or home
- This statement is correct. Indentured labour refers to individuals who are bound by a contract to work for a specific period of time in order to repay the cost of their transportation to a new country or home.
C: A Slave brought in a share market
- This statement is incorrect. Indentured labour is different from slavery. Slaves are considered property and have no contractual agreement with their owners.
D: All the above
- This statement is incorrect. Only option B is correct. Indentured labour does not involve identification marks or being bought and sold in a share market.
In conclusion, option B is the correct answer. Indentured labour refers to individuals who are bound by a contract to work for a specific period of time in order to pay off their passage to a new country or home.

Answer:
In the 19th century, hundreds of thousands of Indian and Chinese laborers went to work on various projects around the world. Here is a detailed explanation of their work:
Mines:
- These laborers worked in mines, particularly in countries like South Africa, where there were diamond and gold mines.
- They played a crucial role in the extraction and processing of these precious minerals.
Plantations:
- Indian and Chinese laborers were also employed on plantations in different parts of the world.
- They worked on tea, coffee, rubber, sugar, and tobacco plantations, contributing to the agricultural industry.
Road and Railway Construction:
- These laborers were involved in the construction of roads and railways across various countries.
- They helped in the expansion of transportation networks, facilitating trade and development.
Other Construction Projects:
- Apart from roads and railways, Indian and Chinese laborers were also engaged in other construction projects worldwide.
- They worked on building projects such as bridges, canals, dams, and buildings, contributing to infrastructure development.
Migration and Global Impact:
- The migration of Indian and Chinese laborers had a significant impact on the global labor market.
- They provided cheap and abundant labor, meeting the demands of expanding industries and economies.
- Their work helped in the development of various nations and contributed to the growth of international trade.
Therefore, in the 19th century, Indian and Chinese laborers went to work on mines, plantations, road and railway construction projects, and other construction projects around the world.