KVS TGT Science Mock Test - 7 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

सही उत्तर वाचाल है।

Key Points

• 'मूक' का विलोम शब्द वाचाल है।
• मूक का अर्थ- गूँगा, मूक वाणी।
• वाचाल का अर्थ- वाक्पटु।

अन्य विकल्प -

• बड़ा - छोटा
• घृणा - प्रेम
• अचर - चर

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean on Earth, covering more than 30% of the planet's surface. It is known for its vastness and contains numerous islands and trenches.

Robert Hooke is credited with discovering and describing animal cells. In 1665, Hooke published his book "Micrographia" where he described his observations using a compound microscope. He examined thin slices of cork and observed tiny compartments that he called "cells" due to their resemblance to the small rooms in a monastery. Although Hooke initially described plant cells, his work laid the foundation for the understanding of cells in both plants and animals. He is recognized as one of the pioneers in the field of microscopy and cell biology.

Socialization refers to the ongoing process of learning the expected behaviors, values, norms, and social skills of individuals who occupy particular roles in society.

Key Points

• A major part of socialization at school involves students’ interaction with their peer group. 
• The peer group consists of individuals of a similar age and social identity. In school, the peer group is typically a child’s classmates in younger years and then becomes more specific to particular adolescent subgroups in the teenage years. 
• The teacher provides opportunities to improve socialization by conducting discussions and activities that encourage mutual understanding with the peer group. 
• The peer group becomes more important in adolescence as a source of emotional security and identity. Positive peer group support has been found to be associated with academic success and prosocial behaviors. 

Thus it is clear that socialization in middle-level school refers to opportunities to improve socialization by conducting discussions and activities that encourage mutual understanding with the peer group. 

Reflection

• "reflection’ that means a continuous thought process by teachers on understanding their various activities and how they perform in the classrooms, reflecting on their classroom practices.
• Reflection is one of the crucial aspects of the teaching-learning process that helps the teachers to analyze their own practices and improve upon them. In fact, reflecting on different aspects of teaching is fairly instinctive for most of the teachers
• Reflection on activities taken up in the school and generating discussion on key issues of concern that require to be addressed. It prompts us to evaluate our own instructional practices in the classrooms.

Think-pair-share

• The teacher introduces a problem related to higher-order thinking ability like analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and construction, etc. before learners.
• All learners are provided five minutes so that they can respond properly to the solution of the problem. After it, they are given time for sharing their thinking with peers in small groups.
• Also, they have to listen to others and discuss it with other classmates. At least, they have to have a consensus on the appropriate method for the solution of the problem.
• At the end of the class, all groups share related processes and outcomes of discussion during a follow-up discussion.
• This is the most suitable and appropriate strategy for collaborative learning in encouraging reflection amongst learners.

Individual and Group interactive sessions

• An individual interactive session where the individual discusses his/her views on the theme or topic assigned by the teacher.
• Group interactive sessions a theme or topic is presented or initiated by someone, either by a member of the group or a teacher.
• Elements of interactive sessions:
  • Chairperson
  • Speaker
  • Participants
  • Recorder 

Question and Anser session

• In this session, the teacher posses question, and the students answer the question. It is an oral activity in the class which enhances the speaking skills of students.
• Realize the relevance and importance of activities that enhance oral skills and translate this realization into actual classroom practice. Thus every classroom should provide numerous opportunities for oral language practice through discussion, reporting, and question and answer sessions. 

Individual - work assignment based sessions

• In this session, the teacher assigns work assignment individually, and the student has to work on assigned topics. In this session, the student discusses his/her assignment and discloses his/her work.
• These assignments develop understanding and critical thinking in the student.
• It is essential to keep in mind that class-appropriate assignments may be chosen for your students.

Learning Disability is an umbrella term that encompasses a variety of specific kinds of learning problems. Children with learning disabilities experience difficulty in learning and using certain skills namely reading, writing, listening reasoning, and mathematics. 

Key Points

Learning disability is often identified by 

• School psychologists, clinical psychologists, and neuropsychologists through a combination of intelligence testing, academic achievement testing.
• Classroom performance, social interaction, and aptitude.
• Other areas of assessment include perception, cognition, memory, attention, and language abilities. The resulting information is used to determine whether a child is achieving at his / her potential. 

Additional Information

Learning disability is a syndrome found in children of normal or above intelligence characterized by specific difficulties in learning to- 

NOTE:

Characteristics of learning disabled (LD) children-

• Hyperactivity
• Perceptual motor impairments
• Emotional liability (frequent shifts in the emotional mood)
• General coordination deficits
• Attention disorders (short attention span distractibility, perseverance)
• Impulsivity
• Specific academic problems ( reading, writing, arithmetic, spelling)
• Speech and hearing disorders

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that you identify a child with a learning disability by administering intelligence tests. 

Learning disability includes distinguished from the things related to a logical arrangement like unable to write, read or sturring, etc.

• Children with learning disabilities experience difficulty in learning and using certain skills namely reading, writing, listening, and reasoning.

Key Points

Errors in writing like reverse images, mirror imaging, etc represent learning disabilities. Dyslexia is the most common learning disability which results in reverse or mirror images of the alphabet.

Dyslexia is a learning disability that makes learners:

• unable to read and interpret letters and words.

• confuse with the same shapes and sounds of the alphabet.

• bewilder in identifying and relating speech sounds with letters and words.

Important Point

Types of Learning Disability: It is categorized either by the type of information processing that is affected or by the specific difficulties caused by a processing deficit.

Confusion Points

• Learning disability constitutes a condition that affects learning and intelligence across all areas of life.
• A learning difficulty constitutes a condition that creates an obstacle to a specific form of learning but does not affect the overall IQ of an individual. 

Hence, we can conclude that child is showing signs of a learning disability.

Learning takes place in many ways. The simplest kind of learning is called conditioning. Two types of conditioning have been identified. The first one is called classical conditioning, and the second instrumental/operant conditioning.

Key Points

Instrumental/operant conditioning:

• This type of conditioning was first investigated by B.F. Skinner.
• Skinner studied the occurrence of voluntary responses when an organism operates in the environment. He called them operants.
• Operants are those behaviors or responses, which are emitted by animals and human beings voluntarily and are under their control.
• The term operant is used because the organism operates on the environment.
• Conditioning of operant behavior is called operant conditioning.

Important Points

SKINNER’S EXPERIMENT WITH RAT         

• Skinner developed a special apparatus known as a skinner’s box.
• This box has a grid floor, a system of light, or sound produced at the time of delivery of a pellet of food, in the food cup, on the pressing of the lever.
• Skinner placed a hungry rat in the box.
• In this experiment, pressure on the bar in a certain way, by the rat could result in the production of a click and emergence of a food pellet.
• The rat was rewarded for each proper pressing of the lever.
• The rat repeated this process and ultimately learned to press the lever desired by the experimenter.

Hence, it could be concluded that 'Operant conditioning' theory was propounded by Skinner.Additional Information

• Ivan Pavlov, a Russian psychologist has propounded the 'Theory of Classical Conditioning' which emphasizes that learning as a habit formation is based on the principle of association and substitution.
• E. L. Thorndike, an American psychologist has propounded the Stimulus-Response Theory (S-R Theory). In his theory, he emphasizes that learning is the result of associations forming between stimulus and responses.
• Wolfgang Kohler, a German psychologist, is associated with the ‘Theory of Insightful learning’. In his theory, he has proposed the term ‘Insight’ that doesn't take place with trial & error, rather than it is a sudden reorganization of experience.

Vinegar is a diluted solution of acetic acid in water. It’s composition is 5% - 8% of acetic acid in water.

Soil supplies 13 essential nutrients for plant growth. These nutrients are divided into two categories:

Macronutrients:

1. Nitrogen (N)
2. Phosphorus (P)
3. Potassium (K)
4. Calcium (Ca)
5. Magnesium (Mg)
6. Sulfur (S)

Micronutrients:

1. Iron (Fe)
2. Manganese (Mn)
3. Boron (B)
4. Molybdenum (Mo)
5. Copper (Cu)
6. Zinc (Zn)
7. Chlorine (Cl)

These nutrients are crucial for various physiological functions and healthy plant development.

When an object is at rest it will not be able to cover any distance . So for any object at rest the distance -time graph is horizontal to time axis

Topic in NCERT: Distance-Time Graphs

Line in NCERT: "Distance-time graphs can be employed under various conditions where objects move with uniform speed, non-uniform speed, remain at rest etc."

The K shell corresponds to the principal quantum no. ( n) = 1 ,   L, (n) = 2, M, ( n) = 3 
And   N ( n) = 4

Materials with high electron mobility (many free electrons) are called conductors, while materials with low electron mobility (few or no free electrons) are called insulators.

v= 80*1000/3600 = 22.22 u=20*1000/3600=5.55 , Now a = v-u/t = 22.22-5.55/2 = 8.335

• The question states an accelerated motion of an object along a straight line, this implies a non zero force is acting on the object, which is increasing its velocity and speed.
• However the direction of force is not given so it can’t be determined that it is moving away from the earth, Hence the correct answer is C.

In 1952, Hershey & Chase were the ones to conclusively prove that DNA is the genetic material. They worked with bacteriophages – viruses that infect bacteria. A bacteriophage attaches and delivers its genetic material into a bacterial cell, where it generates more virus particles.

Fleming’s right-hand rule gives the direction of induced current in a rectangular coil when the coil is rotated in a uniform magnetic field.

The turning of any liquid into vapour is called Evaporation. The factors affecting the evaporation are:

1. Temperature. As the temperature increases, the rate of evaporation also increases.

2. Surface Area. As the Surface area increases, the rate of evaporation increases.

Steam is water, which is a compound, the Hydrogen and Oxygen are chemically bonded. In a mixture they are not chemically bonded.

An anode ray (also positive ray or canal ray) is a beam of positive ions that is created by certain types of gas-discharge tubes. They were first observed in Crookes tubes during experiments by the German scientist Eugen Goldstein, in 1886.

In a high jump athletic event, the athletes are made to fall either on a cushioned bed or sand bed. This is to increase the time that the athletes fall to stop after making the jump. This decreases the rate of change of momentum and hence the force. As a result, the athlete does not get injured.

As atomic number increases along a period, ionization energy increases and in a group it decreases. For S and P, theoretically ionization energy of S should be greater than P but due to the stability of half filled electronic configuration, ionization energy of P is greater than S.

Non - metals do not react with water to evolve hydrogen gas. ( no reaction)

When copper oxide and dilute hydrochloric acid are mixed the blue green solution is formed. 
The reaction is :- 
CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O

The dispersion of light is the phenomenon of splitting of a beam of white light into its seven constituent colours when passed through a transparent medium. It was discovered by Isaac Newton in 1666. Newton discovered that light is made up of seven different colours. He passed a beam of sunlight through a glass prism. The glass prism split the light into a band of seven colours on his wall. He called this band of colours the ‘spectrum’. Thus the spectrum is a band of seven colours which is obtained by splitting of white light by a glass prism. The order of colours from the lower end of spectrum is violet (V), indigo (I), blue (B), green (G), yellow (Y), orange (O), and red (R). The sequence of the 7 colours so obtained in a spectrum can be remembered by using the acronym ‘VIBGYOR’. 

The surface of a water drop curves outward to make a dome. This outward, or convex, curvature bends light rays inward.  will act as a concave lens that bends the light rays outward. As a result, letters seen through the layer of water in a cup appear smaller than they are.

Respiration is constitutive process that occurs in all tissues. Unlike photosynthesis that can happen only in the presence of sunlight, respiration in plant occurs all time. So, the answer is - both light and dark.

As given, W = 100 J, F = 15 N
We know, W = Fs 
⇒  s =  W/ F 
⇒  s =  100 / 15 
⇒  s =   6.6 m