Kerala SET Paper 2 Mock Test - 5 (History) - KTET MCQ

The correct answer is Option D.

Key PointsIndian Factories Act,1891:

• The provisions of the Indian Factories Act,1891 is as follows:
  • The age of children who can work in the factories is increased from 9 years to 14 years. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
  • Reduced the working hour per day to 7 hours. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
  • Maximum working hours for a day were 11 hours. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
  • Provide weekly holidays for all.
• Moderate leaders didn't support Factories Act because they believed that the labor legislation would affect the competitive edge enjoyed by Indian own industries. Also, they didn't want to divide the movement into class-based movements.
• Accordingly, Option D is correct.

the East India Company became the real master of Bengal at least from 1765. Its army was in sole control of its defence and the supreme political power was in its hands. The Nawab depended for its internal and external security on the British.

1) The Dual System of Government in Bengal was the brainchild of Lord Clive in 1765.

2) The Diwani was carried out by the company so Company was Diwan. Hence, they directly collected its revenues, while,

3) The Nizamat jurisdiction was carried out by these decrepit Indians so they were Nizam. And controlled the police and judicial powers.

This arrangement is known in history as the Dual or the Double Government. It held a great advantage for the British: they had power without responsibility.

The correct answer is Balaji Vishwanath, Bajirao 1, Balaji Bajirao, Nanasaheb.

Key Points

• Peshwas
  • They were the appointed and later Prime Minister of the Maratha Empire.
  • They were head of the Ashta Pradhan ( council of ministers).
  • First Peshwas: Moropant Trimbak Pingle
  • Last Peshwas: Baji Rao II

Additional Information

• Balaji Vishwanath
  • He was the sixth appointed Peshwas.
  • He assisted the Syed Brothers in deposing Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar in 1719.
• Baji Rao I
  • He was acknowledged as the most influential of the nine Peshwas.
  • Marathas under Bajirao I raided the outskirts of Delhi in the Battle of Delhi in 1737.
• Balaji Bajirao
  • He was known as Nanasaheb Peshwa.
  • Under his leadership, the Maratha Empire reached its peak and the Third Battle Panipat was fought during his reign against Ahmad Shah Abdali.
• Nana Saheb
  • He was a leader during the 1857 Revolt who led the rebellion in Kanpur.
  • He was the last Peshwas.

The ‘battle of ten kings’ also referred to as the dasharajna was fought between the Bharata chief Sudas (winner) on one side, and ten other tribes which included the Panch-jana, namely, the Yadu, Turvasha, Puru, Anu, and Druhyu.

In his thirteenth inscription, Ashoka mentions five Greek contemporary kings :

• Antiyoka-Syria
• Antikini-Macedonia
• Maka- Cyrena
• Turmaya- Egypt
• Alika Sundara- Apiran

Ain-i-Akbari is a literary source that gives an insight into the Mughal Empire.

Important Points

• The Ain-i Akbari is a 16th century document written by the Mughal Emperor Akbar's court historian and biographer, Abul Fazl.
  • It provides detailed information about the administration, society, and culture of the Mughal Empire during Akbar's reign.
  • The Ain-i Akbari covers topics such as the imperial household, land revenue, the military, the caste system, and the various religions of the empire.
  • It is considered an important historical source for understanding the Mughal Empire and its administration.

Hence, we can conclude that Ain-i-Akbari provides economic conditions of the reign of Akbar.

Dyarchy was introduced as part of Government of India act 1919 also known as Montagu-chelmsford reforms. Under the scheme provincial subjects were divided into reserved and transferred subjects.

In case of reserved subjects Governor of the Province administered with the help of the members of executive council nominated by him. Whereas transferred subjects were administered by Governor acting on the advice of elected ministers.

Second statement is also incorrect as Dyarchy though Abolished at provincial level in 1937 was introduced at Central level in Government of India act 1935.

Sultan Tipu ruled Mysore till his death at the hands of the British in 1799, was a man of complex character. He was for one, an innovator. His desire to change with the times was symbolized in the following:

A) He introduced a new calendar, a new system of coinage, and new scales of weights and measures.

B) His personal library contained books on such diverse subjects such as religion, history, military, science, medicine and mathematics.

C) He showed a keen interest in the French Revolution and he planted a ‘Tree of Liberty’ at Srirangapatam.

D) He was a member of the Jacobian Club.

E) He tried to do away with the custom of giving Jagirs was increased during his time and thus, increase state income.

He was fond of saying that it was “better to live a day as a lion than a lifetime as a sheep”.

The Gāyatrī Mantra, known as Sāvitri Mantra, is a highly revered mantra from the Rig Veda composed for the deity of Pancha Bhootas (five elements). Gāyatrī is the name of the Vedic meter, in which, the verse is composed.

• Gayatrimantra is found in Rigveda.
• It is dedicated to the sun deity called Savitri.

Alauddin Khalji gave enormous gifts to the hostile nobles and Amirs of Delhi to win them over to his side. Those who still opposed his accession were punished severely. He framed regulations to control the nobles. He was convinced that the general prosperity of the nobles, intermarriages between noble families, inefficient spy-system and drinking liquor were the basic reasons for the rebellions. Therefore, he passed four ordinances. He confiscated the properties of the nobles. The intelligence system was reorganized and all the secret activities of the nobles were immediately reported to the Sultan. The public sale of liquor and drugs was totally stopped. Social gatherings and festivities without the permission of Sultan were forbidden. By such harsh measures, his reign was free from rebellions.

A.O.Hume became the general secretary of the Indian National Congress as he came to be known as the Founder Father of Congress. Dadabhai Naroji was the one to suggest the name “Indian National Congress”. W.C. Banerji became the first President.

He was the author of two pamphlets- “A Rising Star in the East” and “Old Man’s Dream”. The “Safety Value Theory” is actually a criticism against Hume attributing his ulterior motives in forming the Congress. Lala Lajpat Rai and Lala Hansraj were the critic of Hume.

Prince of Wales (Albert Edward), the eldest son of Queen Victoria came to India in the year 1875 (October) during the viceroyship of Lord Northbrook.

1) Satyendranath Tagore became the first Indian ICS officer in 1868.

2) Lord Warren Hastings was the first to form local courts called Munsif Courts, presided over by the Indians.

3) T.B. Macaulay became the first Law Member under the Charter Act of 1833. It was Macaulay who codified Hindu Law and Islamic Law.

4) Charles Wilkins was the first to translate Bhagwad Gita into English.

The correct answer is 1, 2, and 3.

Key Points

First Anglo-Maratha War

• After many battles Both Marathas and Britishers signed the Treaty of Salbai to Conclude the first Anglo-Maratha War in 1782. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
• The First Anglo-Maratha War was fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire, during 1775 - 1782. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• After the Third Battle of Panipat, the Maratha power in India started declining.
• Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao died in 1761 and was succeeded by his son Madhavrao I who was able to recover some of the territories lost in the third battle of Panipat.
• Madhavrao I died in the early 1770s, leading to a fight for Maratha’s throne between Narayan Rao (Son of Madhavrao I) and uncle Raghunathrao.

The main cause of the first Maratha war was the increased interference of the British in affairs, both internal and external. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.

Causes

• Treaty of Surat 1775:
  • It was signed between Raghunath Rao and the British East India Company (EIC). British EIC agreed to support the claim of Raghunathrao over Peshwaship.
  • In return, Raghunathrao conceded Salsette and Bassein to the English.
• Beginning of the First Anglo-Maratha War
  • The Treaty of Surat in 1775 is considered the beginning of the First Anglo-Maratha War.
  • Raghunathrao supported by the British EIC attacked and won the battle against the Peshwa of Maratha.
• Disagreement among Britishers
  • British Calcutta Council under Warren Hastings cancelled the agreement reached between Raghunathrao and the Bombay Presidency.
  • British Calcutta Council signed a new Agreement of Purandhar with Ministers of Maratha in 1776.
  • Raghunathrao was given the only pension and Salsette was held on by the British.
• Breach of Agreement of Purandhar 1776
  • The British establishment at Bombay breached this treaty and protected Raghunathrao.
  • On the other hand, Nana Phadnavis gave permission to the French to build a port on the west coast.
• Battle at Wadgaon
  • The above conflict led to a battle at Wadgaon near Pune in which the Marathas under Mahadji Shinde secured a conclusive victory over the English.
• Treaty of Wadgaon
  • The English were forced to sign a humiliating agreement with Marathas in Wadgaon in 1779.
• Treaty of Salbai
  • ​It was signed on 17 May 1782.
  • The Company retained control of Salsette and Broach and acquired guarantees that the Marathas would defeat Hyder Ali of Mysore and retake territories in the Carnatic.
  • The Marathas also guaranteed that the French would be prohibited from establishing settlements on their territories.
  • Raghunath Rao was pensioned and his cause was abandoned.
  • The British also recognised the territorial claims of the Mahadji Shinde west of the Jamuna River and all the territories occupied by the British after the Treaty of Purndar were given back to the Marathas.
  • The Treaty of salbai resulted in 20 years of relative peace between the Maratha Empire and the East India Company until the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1802.
  • Devudiya Anderson concluded the Treaty of Salbai on behalf of the East India Company.

All the above-mentioned options were reasons in part for the causes of revolt but option 4th is the best summation of all the other options and reasons herein not stated.

Thus The Indian Rebellion of 1857 occurred as the result of an accumulation of factors over time, rather than any single event greased cartridges.

For instance, nobility, many of whom had lost titles and domains under the Doctrine of Lapse, which refused to recognize the adopted children of princes as legal heirs, felt that the Company had interfered with a traditional system of inheritance. Similarly oppressive revenue demand and judicial system along with with perceived and real religious onslaught by missionaries also spread dissatisfaction among people. Administrative innovations and social reforms were also in part responsible for distrust among people towards British.

The correct answer is 2 and 3 only.

Key Points

Western Ganga dynasty :

• The Western Gangas ruled in Mysore state (Gangavadi) from about 250 to about 1004 CE. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• The Gangas were contemporary to Kadambas. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The first ruler of the Western Gangas, Konganivarman, carved out a kingdom by conquest. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• After Konganivarman the Madhava-I, Harivarma, Madhava-II, Vishnugopa, Madhava-III and Avinita ruled from 350 to 469 AD respectively.
• By the end of the 8th century, a dynastic dispute weakened the Gangas, but Butuga II (c. 937–960) obtained extensive territories between the Tungabhadra and Krishna rivers, ruling from Talakad (the capital) to Vatapi.
• Repeated Chola invasions cut contact between Gangavadi and the imperial capital, and Talakad fell into the hands of the Chola ruler Vishnuvardhana in about 1004.
• Most of the Western Gangas were Jainas, but some patronized Brahmanical Hinduism.
• They encouraged scholarly work in Kannada, built some remarkable temples, and encouraged deforestation, irrigation, farming, and cross-peninsular trade.

Additional Information

Kadambas :

• The Kadamba kingdom was the first Kannada dynasty to rule the northern part of Karnataka after the Satavahanas.
• Mayuravarma was the first ruler of that Empire.
• Banavasi was the capital of Kadambas. Hence, popular as Banavai Kadambas.
• Talagunda was the major town at their times.
• The Kadambas built many temples, basadis and lakes.
• The credit of laying the political and cultural foundation for the Karnataka Empire goes to Kadambas.

Swami Dayanand’s greatest asset was his mastery over the Sanskrit language and the Vedas. In 1875, he founded the Arya Samaj. Its main aim was to propagate the true knowledge of the Vedas and discard all evils that had crept into the Hindu society later in its name. He opposed untouchability. He was similarly opposed to polytheism, avataravada and ritualism. His slogan was ‘go back to the Vedas’ whose authority he accepted. For the first time in the history of India, the Vedas were printed in India under his patronage. Personally, his most important work was Satyartha Prakasha (The Light of Truth).

His followers started a Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (DAV) School and College in Lahore (now in Pakistan) in 1886.

Labour unrest and Trade Unions:

• Strikes were organized on the issue of rising prices and racial insults in foreign-owned companies. Eg.
  • In September 1905, more than 250 Bengali clerks of the Burn Company, Howrah walked out in protest against a derogatory work regulation.
  • In July 1906, a strike of workers was organized in the East Indian Railway which resulted in the formation of a Railwaymen’s Union.
  • Between 1906 and 1908, strikes in the jute mills were very frequent.
  • Subramania Siva and Chidambaram Pillai led strikes in Tuticorin and Tirunelveli in a foreign-owned cotton mill. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
  • In Rawalpindi (Punjab), the arsenal and railway workers went on strike led by Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • However, in 1908, the labor unrest subsided under strict action.
• An attempt was also made to give political expression to the economic grievances of the working class by organizing these strikes.
• The question is asking about incorrect statements. Accordingly, D is correct.

Humayun (1530-1540):

• His main rival was Sher Shah Suri, a ruler of Awadh.
• He fought 2 battles with Sher Shah Suri namely:
  • Battle of Chausa,1539 and
  • Battle of Bilgram,1540: Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun. Humayun lost the kingdom. The battle was also called the Battle of Kanauj. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• After living in exile for 15 years, Humayun saw an opportunity to rule near Afghanistan by defeating the Sur dynasty in 1555. He set up the Mughal throne again. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Humayun was a learned person and a student of Mathematics, Astronomy, and Astrology. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• He loved painting and wrote poetry in the Persian language.
• Accordingly, option 4 is correct.

Dadabhai Naoroji, also called as Grand Old Man of India, was a businessman who had excellent analysis on colonial economy related to economic drain in Poverty and Un British Rule in India, so it is correct. Apart from Dadabhai Naoroji, G.V. Joshi, G. Subramaniya lyer, G.K. Gokhale were other workers and journalists who analysed several other aspects of economy and studied economic issues and colonial economic policies, so this is also correct. Romesh Chandra Dutt who was a retired ICS officer published “Economic History of India’ in 20th century in order to examine details about complete economic record of colonial rule since 1757.

Pallavas were great patrons of learning. Their capital, Kanchi, was an ancient centre of learning. The Ghatika at Kanchi was popular and attracted students from all parts of India and abroad.

The Nayanars and Alwars composed religious hymns in Tamil. The Devaram composed by Nayanars and the Nalayradivyaprabandam composed by Alwars represent the religious literature of the Pallava period.

The correct answer is 1 and 2 only.

Key Points

• The style of temple architecture that became popular in northern India is known as nagara.
• The most characteristic feature of a class of temple architecture in India is its spire or shikhara which forms the termination of the upper portion of the body.
• Shikhara refers to the rising tower in the Hindu temple architecture
• There are many subdivisions of nagara temples depending on the shape of the shikhara. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The most common name for the simple shikhara which is square at the base and whose walls curve or slope inward to a point on top is called the 'Latina or the Rekha-Prasada type of shikhara.
• Phamsana is an architectural form in the nagara order.
• Phamsana buildings tend to be broader and shorter than Latina ones. Phamsana roofs do not curve inward, instead, they slope upwards on a straight incline. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Valabhi is also a form of architecture under Nagara.
  • These are rectangular buildings with a roof that rises into a vaulted chamber.
  • The edge of this vaulted chamber is rounded, like the bamboo or wooden wagons that would have been drawn by bullocks in ancient times.
  • They are usually called ‘wagon vaulted buildings’.
• Hence, statement 3 is not correct.

Image of Indian Temple Architecture:

In 1908 Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose threw a bomb at the carriage that they thought was transporting the unpopular Judge Kingsford of Muzzafarpur. However, due to misinformation they attacked Mr Kennedy and in the blast his wife and daughter were killed. The duo were tried in Muzzafarpur Conspiracy Case.

The Alipore Bomb Case, also called Muraripukur conspiracy or the Manicktolla bomb conspiracy was the trial of a number of revolutionaries of the Anushilan Samiti in Calcutta.

Among the famous accused were Aurobindo Ghosh, his brother Barin Ghosh as well as 37 other Bengali nationalists of the Anushilan Samiti.

The Kakori Conspiracy was a train robbery that took place between Kakori and, near Lucknow, on 9 August 1925. The robbery was organised by the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). The robbery was conceived by Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan who belonged to the HRA, which later became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. This organisation was established to carry out revolutionary activities against the British Empire in India with the objective of achieving independence. Since the organisation needed money for purchase of weaponry, Bismil and his party decided to plunder a train on one of the Northern Railway lines.

• According to the passage, the partition of British India into India and Pakistan was described as "a defining tragedy in the subcontinent's history."
• It was characterized by widespread communal violence, the displacement of millions, and the profound grief of a divided homeland, laying the groundwork for enduring tensions.
• Consequences of Partition of British India were
• Mass Migration: The partition led to one of the largest mass migrations in human history, with estimates of 10-15 million people crossing borders to join their chosen nation. This massive migration was fraught with violence, suffering, and loss of property and livelihoods.
• Violence: Communal riots, mass killings, and sectarian violence claimed the lives of hundreds of thousands to two million people, creating a legacy of trauma and bitterness.
• Geopolitical Changes: The division also resulted in significant geopolitical changes, including territorial disputes, especially over the region of Kashmir, which remains a source of conflict between India and Pakistan.

Additional Information

• The Partition of British India remains a deeply influential event in the histories of India and Pakistan, shaping their political relations, social fabric, and collective memories.
• Its consequences are still felt today, through ongoing communal tensions, border disputes, and the shared yet divided histories of the two nations

The Prarthana Samaj:

• Founded in 1867.
• Founded by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang, Mahadev Govind Ranade & Ramakrishna Bhandarkar.
• It is one of the prominent social reform & social work movements in India.
• The leaders of the Prathana Samaj were influenced by the Brahmo Samaj.
• It is believed that true love for God lies in the service of people with any differentiation.
• The Prarthana Samaj adhered to the tradition of Bhakti that believed in spiritual equality of all castes.
• In Bombay, the Paramhans Mandali was founded in 1840 to work for the abolition of caste
• It had faith in a single, almighty God i.e: Monotheism.
• It didn't reject the Vedas but emphasized Bhakti towards God.
• Subodh Patrika was regulated to propagate the ideas & views of the Prarthana Samaj in society.

Additional Information

Features:

• They emphasized Widow remarriage & Women education. (Hence, statement 3rd is incorrect)
• They were against the caste system and the practice of untouchability.
• They showed discontent towards the caste system.
• They fought for the increase in the marriage age of both males & females.
• They opened night schools & reading rooms.​

The correct answer is Three.

Key Points

• K.S. Singh (1985) separated tribal movements prior to independence into three phases:
  • the first between 1795 and 1860, the second between 1861 and 1920, and the third between 1921 and 1947.
    • The first phase corresponded with the establishment of the British Empire, the second with intensive colonialism, during which merchant capital penetrated tribal economies, and the third with participation in the nationalist movement as well as the launch of agrarian and some separatist movements.
  • The movements all followed the same pattern.
    • The British arrived in the area, bringing with them an entire class of people such as moneylenders and Zamindars.
    • The tribals referred to these foreigners as Dikus.
    • As a result, a vicious cycle of exploitation and tyranny begins.
    • This led to discontent and revolts.
    • In comparison to the British, the movements were smaller, disorganized, and weaker.
  • The majority of them were brutally oppressed. These uprisings were small and insular, with no modern sense of nationality.
  • However, when nationalist movements expanded, tribals began to join them as well.

The entry of women as Bhikshuni into the sangha was allowed by the Buddha at Vaishali on the request of his disciple Anand. The first woman who was admitted to sangha was Mahaprajapati Gautami.

The Chola period is also remarkable for its sculptures of bronzes. One of its important remains is the Nataraja Idol of Lord Shiva made of bronze. Nataraja is most often depicted through a statue. Such a statute was found during the Chola period.

Bhagat Singh was convicted and executed at the young age of 23 for his involvement in the assassination of John Saunders (Lahore Conspiracy Case). Saunders was a British police officer. Bhagat Singh and his comrades sought revenge for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai which was caused by brutal police. They were convicted after a trial by s Special Tribunal which sentenced them to death by hanging. On 23 March, 1931, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were executed.