Knowledge Package - 11 - SSC CHSL MCQ

Answer: Kharagpur (W.Bengal)
Explanation:
The Indian city where the world's longest railway platform is located is Kharagpur in West Bengal.
Here are the key points supporting this answer:
1. Length of the platform: Kharagpur railway platform holds the record for being the longest railway platform in the world, measuring about 2,733.5 meters (8,964 ft) in length.
2. Significance of Kharagpur: Kharagpur is an important railway junction in the Howrah-Chennai main line and serves as a major railway station in the South Eastern Railway Zone of India.
3. Historical importance: Kharagpur was established as a railway settlement during the British era and has been a significant railway hub since then.
4. Connectivity: Kharagpur is well-connected to various parts of the country through an extensive railway network. It serves as a gateway to numerous destinations in West Bengal and neighboring states.
5. Educational institutions: Kharagpur is also known for being home to the prestigious Indian Institute of Technology (IIT Kharagpur), which further adds to the city's prominence.
Considering these points, the correct answer to the question is B: Kharagpur (W.Bengal).

Answer:
The film that won the first National Award for the Best Feature Film in 1953 was "Shyamchi Aai" in Marathi.
Here is a detailed explanation:
Background Information:
- The National Film Awards, also known as the National Awards, are given annually by the Government of India.
- These awards recognize and honor outstanding contributions to the Indian film industry.
- The National Award for the Best Feature Film is one of the most prestigious awards in Indian cinema.
Options:
A: Shyamchi Aai (Marathi)
B: Pather Panchali (Bengali)
C: Kabooliwala (Bengali)
D: Mirza Galib (Hindi)
Explanation:
- Shyamchi Aai, directed by Acharya P. K. Atre, was released in 1953.
- It is a Marathi film based on the autobiography of Sane Guruji, a social reformer and author.
- The film depicts the bond between a mother and her son and highlights the struggles faced by the protagonist.
- Shyamchi Aai was widely appreciated for its emotional storytelling and realistic performances.
- It was selected as the Best Feature Film at the 1st National Film Awards held in 1954.
Conclusion:
- Shyamchi Aai, a Marathi film, won the first National Award for the Best Feature Film in 1953.
- The film's portrayal of a mother-son relationship and its societal impact contributed to its recognition and success.

Vasco da Gama's First Voyage to India

• Introduction: Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer who embarked on his first voyage to India in 1497-1499, seeking a direct sea route from Europe to India.


• Purpose: The main purpose of Vasco da Gama's expedition was to establish a trade route to India, bypassing the existing land routes controlled by the Ottomans and Venetians.

Landing Place on 20 May 1498

• Location: On 20 May 1498, Vasco da Gama landed at the Kozhikode (Calicut) port on the southwestern coast of India.


• Significance: Kozhikode was a major trading center and a hub for the spice trade, making it an important destination for European explorers.


• Reception: Upon his arrival, Vasco da Gama was warmly received by the local ruler, the Zamorin of Calicut, who was interested in establishing trade relations with the Portuguese.


• Trade Negotiations: Vasco da Gama successfully negotiated a trade agreement with the Zamorin, securing valuable spices and other goods for the Portuguese.


• Return Journey: After spending a few months in Calicut, Vasco da Gama set sail back to Portugal, completing his first voyage to India.

Legacy and Impact

• Establishment of Trade: Vasco da Gama's successful voyage opened up a direct sea route between Europe and India, bypassing the traditional land routes and establishing a lucrative trade connection.


• Subsequent Portuguese Expeditions: Inspired by Vasco da Gama's achievement, the Portuguese launched several more expeditions to India, leading to the establishment of Portuguese colonies and trade dominance in the region.


• European Exploration and Colonization: Vasco da Gama's voyage marked the beginning of European exploration and colonization in the Indian Ocean region, with other European powers following suit.


• Impact on India: The arrival of the Portuguese and other European powers had a significant impact on the political, social, and economic landscape of India, ultimately leading to the colonization of several regions.

Answer: Vasco da Gama landed at Kozhikode (Calicut) on 20 May 1498 during his first voyage to India.

Vikramshila University:
- Vikramshila University was an ancient university located in present-day Bihar, India.
- The ruins of this prestigious educational institution can be found near the village of Antichak, about 40 kilometers from Bhagalpur.
- It was one of the most important centers of learning during the Pala dynasty, which ruled over parts of eastern India from the 8th to the 12th century.
Founder of Vikramshila University:
- The university was founded by Dharmapala, a Pala ruler.
- Dharmapala was the second ruler of the Pala dynasty and reigned from 770 to 810 AD.
- He was a patron of Buddhism and played a significant role in the revival of Buddhism in India.
- Under his patronage, Vikramshila University flourished as a renowned center of Buddhist learning.
Importance of Vikramshila University:
- Vikramshila University was known for its emphasis on Buddhist studies, particularly the study of the Yogachara and Madhyamaka schools of Buddhism.
- It attracted scholars, monks, and students from different parts of India as well as from other countries like Tibet, China, and Southeast Asia.
- The university had a well-structured curriculum, with subjects ranging from Buddhist philosophy and logic to medicine, grammar, and astrology.
- It had a large library with a vast collection of Buddhist scriptures, making it a significant center for the preservation and dissemination of Buddhist knowledge.
Decline and Ruins:
- The decline of Vikramshila University can be attributed to various factors, including invasions by foreign powers and the decline of Buddhism in India.
- The university was destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji, a Turkish general, in the early 13th century.
- The ruins of Vikramshila University were rediscovered in the late 19th century and have since been recognized as a site of historical and archaeological importance.
- Today, the site attracts tourists and researchers interested in exploring the rich cultural and educational heritage of ancient India.

'Freedom in Exile' book is the autobiography of which Nobel Peace Prizewinner?
The autobiography 'Freedom in Exile' is written by the Nobel Peace Prize winner, Dalai Lama XIV.
Explanation:
The autobiography 'Freedom in Exile' is a memoir written by the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. It provides a detailed account of his life and the struggle for freedom and independence for Tibet.
Here is a breakdown of the key points:
- 'Freedom in Exile' is an autobiography written by the Dalai Lama XIV.
- The Dalai Lama is a Nobel Peace Prize winner, known for his efforts in promoting peace, non-violence, and Tibetan independence.
- The book gives insights into the Dalai Lama's early life, his spiritual journey, and his experiences as the spiritual and political leader of Tibet.
- It also highlights the challenges faced by Tibetans under Chinese occupation and the Dalai Lama's efforts to find a peaceful resolution.
- The autobiography provides a personal account of the Dalai Lama's exile from Tibet and his continuous struggle for the rights and freedom of the Tibetan people.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the autobiography 'Freedom in Exile' is written by Dalai Lama XIV, who is a Nobel Peace Prize winner and a prominent figure in the fight for Tibetan independence and human rights. The book offers a deep insight into his life, teachings, and the challenges faced by Tibetans under Chinese rule.

Indian Woman Athlete Known as 'Idukki Express'
The Indian woman athlete who is popularly known as the 'Idukki Express' is K.M. Beenamol.
Explanation:
- K.M. Beenamol is a former Indian track and field athlete who specialized in the 400 meters event.
- She was born on August 15, 1975, in Idukki district, Kerala, India.
- Beenamol represented India in various international athletic competitions and brought laurels to the country.
- She won a silver medal in the 400 meters race at the 2002 Asian Games held in Busan, South Korea.
- Beenamol also participated in the 2000 Sydney Olympics and 2004 Athens Olympics.
- She holds the national record for the women's 800 meters event, which she set in 2002.
- Beenamol's exceptional speed and performance on the track earned her the nickname 'Idukki Express.'
- She retired from professional athletics in 2006 and is currently involved in coaching young athletes.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: K.M. Beenamol.

Hoover Medal:
The Hoover Medal is a prestigious prize that is awarded for outstanding extra-career services by engineers to humanity. It is named after Herbert Hoover, the 31st President of the United States.
Indian Engineer Awarded:
The Hoover Medal for the year 2008 was awarded to an Indian engineer.
Options:
The options provided are:
A: Sam Pitroda
B: G. Madhavan Nair
C: N.R. Narayan Murthy
D: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is D: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam:
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was an eminent Indian scientist and engineer who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He played a crucial role in the development of India's space and missile programs.
Extra-Career Services:
Dr. Kalam's outstanding extra-career services to humanity include:
1. Contribution to India's nuclear and space programs: Dr. Kalam played a key role in the development of India's nuclear capabilities, including the Pokhran-II nuclear tests. He also spearheaded the development of India's space research program, particularly the development of the indigenous satellite launch vehicle (SLV) and the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV).
2. Missile technology development: Dr. Kalam was known as the "Missile Man of India" for his contributions to the development of India's missile technology. He played a pivotal role in the development of the Agni and Prithvi missiles, which have significantly enhanced India's defense capabilities.
3. Vision for India: Dr. Kalam was a strong advocate for the development of India's youth and education system. He emphasized the importance of innovation, research, and technology in driving India's growth and development. He also championed the concept of "PURA" (Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas) to bridge the rural-urban divide and promote inclusive development.
4. Inspiring the youth: Dr. Kalam was known for his ability to connect with and inspire the youth. He often interacted with students and encouraged them to pursue careers in science, technology, and engineering. He believed in the power of the youth to transform India into a developed nation.
Conclusion:
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was awarded the Hoover Medal for the year 2008 for his outstanding extra-career services to humanity. His contributions to India's nuclear and space programs, missile technology development, vision for India, and inspiring the youth made him a deserving recipient of this prestigious award.

First batsman to hit 6 sixers in an over: Herschelle Gibbs (South Africa)
- Herschelle Gibbs of South Africa was the first batsman to hit 6 sixers in an over in international cricket.
- This remarkable feat was achieved by Gibbs during the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 match against the Netherlands in St. Kitts.
- The over was bowled by Daan van Bunge, a Dutch spinner, and Gibbs made full use of it to create history.
- In the sixth over of the match, Gibbs unleashed his hitting prowess and dispatched each delivery for a maximum.
- This incredible achievement by Gibbs made him the first player to achieve this milestone in international cricket.
- It was a memorable moment in the history of cricket and showcased the power and skill of Gibbs as a batsman.
- Yuvraj Singh of India became the second batsman to achieve this feat during the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 match against England.
- Yuvraj's achievement came just a few days after Gibbs' record-breaking performance.
- Both Gibbs and Yuvraj's innings will be remembered as exceptional displays of power-hitting in cricket.

On the banks of which river is the Kumbh Mela at Ujjain held?
The Kumbh Mela at Ujjain is held on the banks of the Kshipra River.
Explanation:

• The Kumbh Mela is a major Hindu pilgrimage and one of the largest religious gatherings in the world.


• It is held in four different locations in India: Allahabad (Prayagraj), Haridwar, Nashik, and Ujjain.


• Each location hosts the Kumbh Mela once every 12 years, and the Ardh Kumbh Mela every 6 years.


• Ujjain, located in the state of Madhya Pradesh, is one of the four sacred sites for the Kumbh Mela.


• The Kumbh Mela at Ujjain is held on the banks of the Kshipra River, which is considered holy in Hinduism.


• Devotees gather at the river to take a holy dip, which is believed to cleanse them of their sins and bring them closer to attaining moksha (liberation).


• The Kumbh Mela at Ujjain attracts millions of pilgrims and sadhus (holy men) from all over India and abroad.

Therefore, the Kumbh Mela at Ujjain is held on the banks of the Kshipra River.

Shivkasi in Tamil Nadu is famous for the fireworks industry.
The fireworks industry in Shivkasi is renowned both nationally and internationally. Here is a detailed explanation of why Shivkasi is famous for its fireworks industry:
1. Historical Significance:
- Shivkasi has a rich history in the fireworks industry, dating back to the 1920s.
- The town has been a hub for fireworks manufacturing for several generations.
2. Skilled Workforce:
- Shivkasi is known for its skilled workforce, who possess the expertise and knowledge required for manufacturing fireworks.
- The workers have acquired these skills through years of experience, making the quality of fireworks produced in Shivkasi exceptional.
3. Cluster Effect:
- Shivkasi has a cluster effect, with numerous fireworks manufacturing units located in close proximity to each other.
- This cluster effect facilitates the sharing of knowledge, resources, and technology among the manufacturers, leading to continuous improvement and innovation in the industry.
4. Safety Measures:
- The fireworks industry in Shivkasi is known for its strict adherence to safety standards.
- The manufacturers prioritize the safety of their workers and ensure that the production processes follow safety protocols to prevent accidents.
5. Market Presence:
- Shivkasi fireworks have gained widespread popularity and have a strong market presence both within India and abroad.
- The fireworks produced in Shivkasi are exported to various countries, making it a significant contributor to the Indian fireworks export industry.
6. Festivals and Celebrations:
- India is known for its vibrant festivals and celebrations, where fireworks play a significant role.
- Shivkasi's fireworks industry caters to the high demand during festivals like Diwali, Pongal, and other religious and cultural celebrations.
7. Economic Impact:
- The fireworks industry in Shivkasi has a significant economic impact on the region and provides employment opportunities to thousands of people.
- The industry contributes to the local economy through taxes, export earnings, and ancillary businesses associated with fireworks manufacturing.
In conclusion, Shivkasi in Tamil Nadu is famous for its fireworks industry due to its historical significance, skilled workforce, cluster effect, safety measures, market presence, association with festivals and celebrations, and its positive economic impact on the region.

Fire Extinguishers release Carbon dioxide gas to put out the fire.
Explanation:
Fire extinguishers are devices that are used to control or extinguish small fires. They work by removing one or more of the elements that fire needs to burn, such as fuel, heat, or oxygen. In the case of fire extinguishers that use a gas to extinguish the fire, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most commonly used gas.
Reasons why carbon dioxide is used in fire extinguishers:
1. Inert nature: Carbon dioxide is an inert gas, which means it does not react with other substances or support combustion. This makes it ideal for extinguishing fires as it can displace oxygen, effectively suffocating the fire.
2. No residue: Carbon dioxide gas does not leave behind any residue after it is discharged. This is important as it prevents further damage to the surroundings and allows for easier cleanup.
3. Non-toxic: Carbon dioxide is non-toxic and does not pose a threat to human health when used in fire extinguishers. It can be safely used in confined spaces without causing harm to individuals.
4. Easy availability: Carbon dioxide is readily available and can be easily stored in fire extinguishers. It is commonly used in portable fire extinguishers for use in homes, offices, and other small-scale applications.
Conclusion:
Carbon dioxide gas is released by fire extinguishers to put out the fire. Its inert nature, lack of residue, non-toxicity, and easy availability make it an effective and safe choice for fire suppression.

'Dromedary' and 'Bactrian' are the types of which animal?


The correct answer is B: Camel.
Explanation:


Camels are mammals that belong to the Camelidae family. They are known for their ability to survive in arid and desert environments. There are two main species of camels:
1. Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius):
- Also known as the Arabian camel or the one-humped camel.
- Found in the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of South Asia.
- It has a single hump on its back.
- Well adapted to hot and dry climates.
2. Bactrian (Camelus bactrianus):
- Also known as the Asian camel or the two-humped camel.
- Found in Central Asia, including Mongolia and China.
- It has two humps on its back.
- Well adapted to cold and harsh climates.
Both dromedary and bactrian camels have been domesticated for thousands of years and are used by humans for transportation, milk, meat, and as pack animals. They have unique adaptations that enable them to conserve water and withstand long periods without drinking.

Answer:
The correct answer is D: Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Introduction:
The Onge tribe is one of the indigenous tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which is a union territory of India.
2. Union Territories of India:
India has several union territories, which are regions governed directly by the central government of India. These union territories include:
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Lakshadweep
- Daman and Diu
- Dadra and Nagar Haveli
3. Identification:
To identify the correct union territory where the Onge tribe resides, we need to consider the characteristics and location of the tribe.
4. Location of Onge Tribe:
The Onge tribe is primarily concentrated in the Andaman Islands, which are a group of islands in the Bay of Bengal. They specifically inhabit the Little Andaman Island.
5. Conclusion:
Based on the information provided, it can be concluded that the Onge tribe can be found in the union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Ramon Magsaysay Award: Asia's Nobel Prize
The Ramon Magsaysay Award is often referred to as Asia's Nobel Prize. It is a prestigious annual award given to individuals and organizations in Asia who have made significant contributions in various fields such as government service, public service, community leadership, journalism, literature, and creative arts.
In Memory of Which Asian Country's Former President?
The Ramon Magsaysay Award is given in memory of the former president of the Philippines, Ramon Magsaysay. Magsaysay served as the seventh President of the Philippines from 1953 until his untimely death in 1957. He was known for his integrity, humility, and dedication to public service.
Significance of the Ramon Magsaysay Award
- The Ramon Magsaysay Award was established in 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund based in New York City.
- The award aims to honor individuals and organizations who have made outstanding contributions to their communities and have inspired others through their selfless service and leadership.
- It recognizes and celebrates individuals who have shown courage, integrity, and a deep commitment to uplifting their fellow citizens.
- The award seeks to promote and preserve the spirit of selfless service and leadership in Asia.
Selection Process and Categories
- The Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation, based in Manila, Philippines, is responsible for selecting the award recipients.
- The foundation has a board of trustees composed of distinguished individuals from various fields who review nominations and select the awardees.
- The award is given in six categories: government service, public service, community leadership, journalism, literature, and creative arts.
- Each year, the foundation receives nominations from all over Asia, and the finalists are chosen based on their exceptional contributions and impact on society.
Legacy and Impact
- The Ramon Magsaysay Award has gained international recognition as one of the most prestigious awards in Asia.
- The award has served as a platform to highlight and promote the work of individuals and organizations who have dedicated their lives to social change and development.
- The recipients of the award have inspired countless others and have become role models for future generations.
- The Ramon Magsaysay Award has helped raise awareness about the importance of public service and community leadership in tackling various social issues across Asia.
In conclusion, the Ramon Magsaysay Award is given in memory of Ramon Magsaysay, the former president of the Philippines. This award recognizes and celebrates individuals and organizations in Asia who have made outstanding contributions to society and have inspired others through their selfless service and leadership.

The East-West Corridor terminates at Silchar (Assam).
The East-West Corridor is a part of the National Highways Development Project in India. It is a major highway project that aims to connect the western and eastern parts of the country. The corridor starts at Porbandar in Gujarat and terminates at a location in the east.

To find out where the East-West Corridor terminates in the east, we need to look at the options given.
Option A: Silchar (Assam)
Silchar is a city in the Cachar district of Assam. It is located in the northeastern part of India and is known for its tea gardens and natural beauty. Silchar is well connected by road and rail, making it a feasible termination point for the East-West Corridor.
Option B: Kohima (Nagaland)
Kohima is the capital city of Nagaland, which is also located in the northeastern part of India. While Kohima is an important city in Nagaland, it is not directly connected to the East-West Corridor. Therefore, it is not the correct answer.
Option C: Imphal (Manipur)
Imphal is the capital city of Manipur, which is another state in the northeastern part of India. Like Kohima, Imphal is not directly connected to the East-West Corridor. Hence, it is not the correct answer.
Option D: Shillong (Meghalaya)
Shillong is the capital city of Meghalaya, which is also located in the northeastern part of India. While Shillong is an important city in Meghalaya, it is not directly connected to the East-West Corridor. Thus, it is not the correct answer.
Based on the options provided, the correct answer is Option A: Silchar (Assam). Silchar serves as the termination point for the East-West Corridor, connecting the western and eastern parts of the country.

Asteroids and their location
Asteroids, also known as minor planets or planetoids, are rocky objects that orbit the Sun. They are found in the asteroid belt, which is located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The asteroid belt is a region of space where thousands of asteroids are clustered together.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of the location of asteroids:
1. Asteroids:
- Asteroids are small rocky objects that orbit the Sun.
- They are remnants from the early formation of the solar system.
- There are millions of asteroids in our solar system.
2. Asteroid Belt:
- The majority of asteroids are found in the asteroid belt.
- The asteroid belt is located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
- It is a region of space where asteroids are clustered together.
3. Location between planets:
- Asteroids are generally found between the planets Mars and Jupiter.
- They do not form a continuous ring but are spread out across the region of the asteroid belt.
- The distance between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter is approximately 329 million miles (529 million kilometers).
Conclusion:
- Asteroids, also known as minor planets or planetoids, are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt.
- They are rocky objects that orbit the Sun and are remnants from the early formation of the solar system.

Gresham's Law:
- Gresham's Law is the observation in economics that 'bad money drives out good money'.
- It is named after Sir Thomas Gresham, an English financier, who first stated this principle in the 16th century.
- This law is based on the concept that when two forms of money are in circulation, people will hoard the money that they consider to be of higher value and spend the money that they consider to be of lower value.
- The law applies to situations where there are multiple forms of currency in circulation, such as when both debased and higher quality coins are used as legal tender.
Explanation:
- Gresham's Law suggests that when there are multiple types of money in circulation, people will prefer to use the lower quality or less valuable money for transactions, while hoarding the higher quality or more valuable money.
- The reason behind this behavior is that people want to preserve the better money for future use or for more valuable transactions, while using the inferior money for day-to-day transactions.
- This results in the good money being driven out of circulation and becoming scarce, while the bad money remains in circulation.
- The law is based on the assumption that people act in their own self-interest and will always try to maximize the value of their money.
- Gresham's Law is often used to explain phenomena such as inflation, currency devaluation, and the disappearance of higher value coins from circulation.
- It highlights the impact of people's perception of value and their preferences in determining the circulation and usage of different forms of money.
Example:
- A classic example of Gresham's Law is the circulation of debased coins during ancient times. When rulers would reduce the amount of precious metal in coins, people would hoard the older, higher quality coins and use the debased coins for transactions.
- Another example is the use of paper currency versus metal coins. If people perceive paper currency to be of lower value or less trustworthy, they may choose to spend the coins and hoard the paper money, leading to the disappearance of coins from circulation.
In conclusion, Gresham's Law explains the phenomenon in economics where bad money, or lower quality currency, tends to drive out good money, or higher quality currency, from circulation. People's preference for preserving and maximizing the value of their money leads to this behavior.

Explanation:
The subatomic particle 'Boson' is named after Satyendra Nath Bose, an Indian scientist. Here is a detailed explanation:
Satyendra Nath Bose:
- Satyendra Nath Bose was an Indian physicist born on January 1, 1894, in Calcutta, British India (now Kolkata, India).
- He made significant contributions to the field of quantum mechanics and statistical physics.
- In 1924, Bose sent a research paper titled "Planck's Law and the Hypothesis of Light Quanta" to Albert Einstein.
- In this paper, Bose derived a statistical distribution law which later became known as Bose-Einstein statistics.
- Bose-Einstein statistics described the behavior of a certain type of subatomic particle, which is now called a "Boson."
- The particles that follow Bose-Einstein statistics have integer spins (0, 1, 2, ...) and include photons, W and Z bosons, gluons, and the Higgs boson.
- In recognition of his work, the subatomic particle that follows Bose-Einstein statistics was named a "Boson" in his honor.
Therefore, the Indian scientist after whom the subatomic particle 'Boson' is named is Satyendra Nath Bose.

India's First Science City Inauguration

• Date: 1st July 1997


• Location: Kolkata

Explanation:

• Background: India's first Science City is an initiative taken by the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM) under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India. It aims to popularize and promote science among the masses.


• Inauguration: On 1st July 1997, India's first Science City was inaugurated in Kolkata.

It is important to note that the other options mentioned in the question (Mumbai, Bengaluru, and Hyderabad) do not hold the distinction of being India's first Science City. Kolkata was the chosen location for this significant milestone in scientific development and outreach in the country.

Therefore, the correct answer is D: Kolkata.

Samadhi Name: Abhay Ghat
Explanation:
- Morarji Desai was the 4th Prime Minister of India, serving from 1977 to 1979.
- After his death, a samadhi was built in his honor in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
- The name of his samadhi is Abhay Ghat.
- The samadhi is located in the city of Ahmedabad, which is in the western state of Gujarat in India.
- It is a place where people can pay their respects to Morarji Desai and remember his contributions to the nation.
- The samadhi is a peaceful and serene place, providing a tranquil environment for visitors.
- It is a popular destination for tourists and locals alike who want to pay their respects to the former Prime Minister.
- The samadhi is well-maintained and is open to the public for visitation.
- It serves as a reminder of Morarji Desai's legacy and his dedication to serving the country.
In conclusion:
- The name of Morarji Desai's samadhi in Ahmedabad is Abhay Ghat.
- It is a place where people can pay their respects to the former Prime Minister and remember his contributions to the nation.

The Governor-General who prohibited the practice of 'Sati' in 1829 was Lord William Bentinck.
Explanation:
- Lord William Bentinck was the Governor-General of India from 1828 to 1835.
- He played a significant role in introducing social reforms in India during his tenure.
- 'Sati' was a practice in which a widow would voluntarily or forcibly self-immolate on her husband's funeral pyre.
- Lord William Bentinck recognized this practice as inhumane and sought to abolish it.
- He passed the Bengal Sati Regulation Act in 1829, which made the act of 'Sati' illegal and punishable by law.
- This act led to the decline and eventual eradication of the practice of 'Sati' in India.
- Lord William Bentinck's decision to ban 'Sati' was based on humanitarian grounds and aimed at protecting the rights and welfare of women in society.
- His efforts in social reform also included the abolition of female infanticide, slavery, and child labor.
- Lord William Bentinck's reforms had a lasting impact on Indian society, paving the way for further social progress.

Author of the book 'Indica'
The book 'Indica' was authored by Megasthenes.
Explanation:
- Megasthenes was a Greek ambassador and historian who visited India during the reign of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya.
- He wrote a book called 'Indica', which provides valuable information about ancient India, its culture, society, and political system.
- 'Indica' is one of the earliest accounts of India by a foreign traveler and has been an important source for historians to understand the Mauryan Empire.
- Megasthenes' observations and descriptions in 'Indica' cover various aspects of Indian life, including geography, economy, religion, social structure, and administration.
- The book also provides insights into the great cities of Pataliputra (present-day Patna) and Taxila (in present-day Pakistan), as well as the grandeur of the Mauryan court.
- Megasthenes' work has played a significant role in shaping our understanding of ancient India's history and civilization.
Therefore, Megasthenes is the author of the book 'Indica'.

Oldest Stock Exchange in Asia - Bombay Stock Exchange

• Introduction: The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) is recognized as the oldest stock exchange in Asia.


• Establishment: The BSE was established on July 9, 1875, as the Native Share and Stock Brokers' Association. It was the first stock exchange in India.


• Historical Significance: The BSE played a crucial role in the development of the Indian capital market. It facilitated the growth of the corporate sector and provided a platform for companies to raise capital through the issuance of stocks and bonds.


• Growth and Expansion: Over the years, the BSE has grown in size and stature. It became a permanent stock exchange in 1957 and achieved recognition from the Indian government in 1965.


• Trading and Operations: The BSE operates on an electronic trading system known as BOLT (BSE On-Line Trading). It provides a transparent and efficient platform for trading various financial instruments, including equities, derivatives, and commodities.


• Market Indices: The BSE is known for its benchmark index, the BSE Sensex, which tracks the performance of 30 large and well-established companies listed on the exchange. The Sensex is widely followed by investors and serves as an indicator of the overall health of the Indian stock market.


• Regulatory Framework: The BSE operates under the regulatory oversight of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), which ensures fair and transparent trading practices and investor protection.


• Global Recognition: The BSE has gained international recognition and is one of the fastest stock exchanges in the world in terms of trade execution speed.


• Contributions to the Economy: The BSE has played a significant role in channeling investments into the Indian economy, promoting economic growth, and creating wealth for investors.

Overall, the Bombay Stock Exchange holds the distinction of being the oldest stock exchange in Asia and has played a vital role in shaping India's capital market and economic development.

Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India
The chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India is Anil Kakodkar.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of the options provided and why the correct answer is C - Anil Kakodkar.
- Option A: Mangala Rai - Mangala Rai is not the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India.
- Option B: Sam Pitroda - Sam Pitroda is not the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India.
- Option C: Anil Kakodkar - Anil Kakodkar is the correct answer. He served as the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India from 2000 to 2009.
- Option D: G.Madhavan Nair - G.Madhavan Nair is not the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Anil Kakodkar.

The Chalukya ruler who stopped Harshavardhana from expanding into the south by defeating him on the banks of the river Narmada was:
Pulkesin II
- Pulkesin II was a prominent ruler of the Chalukya dynasty who reigned from 609 CE to 642 CE.
- Harshavardhana, the ruler of the Pushyabhuti dynasty, wanted to expand his empire into the south and marched towards the Chalukya kingdom.
- Pulkesin II successfully defended his kingdom against Harshavardhana's invasion and defeated him on the banks of the river Narmada.
- This victory prevented Harshavardhana from expanding further into the south and solidified the Chalukya dynasty's position in the region.
- Pulkesin II's reign is considered a golden age for the Chalukya dynasty, known for its military prowess, architectural achievements, and cultural patronage.

Answer:
Dadabhai Naoroji became the first Indian to be elected to the House of Commons in 1892. Here is a detailed explanation:
About Dadabhai Naoroji:
- Dadabhai Naoroji was an Indian political and social leader who played a significant role in the Indian independence movement.
- He was born on September 4, 1825, in Bombay, British India (now Mumbai, India).
- Naoroji was a prominent figure in the Indian National Congress and is often referred to as the "Grand Old Man of India."
Election to the House of Commons:
- In 1892, Dadabhai Naoroji was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons, representing the Finsbury Central constituency in London.
- This made him the first Indian to be elected to the lower house of the British Parliament.
- Naoroji's election was a significant achievement and marked a milestone in the history of Indian representation in British politics.
Importance of Naoroji's Election:
- Dadabhai Naoroji's election to the House of Commons highlighted the growing demand for Indian representation and participation in the British political system.
- His presence in the British Parliament provided a platform to raise Indian issues and advocate for the rights and welfare of Indians living under British rule.
- Naoroji's election also paved the way for future Indian leaders to actively engage with the British government and work towards India's independence.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: Dadabhai Naoroji.

The military training institute located at Khadakwasla near Pune in Maharashtra that has adopted 'Seva Parmo Dharma' (Service before Self) as its motto is the National Defence Academy (NDA).
Explanation:
The National Defence Academy is the premier joint services training institution for the Indian Armed Forces. It is located in Khadakwasla, near Pune in Maharashtra. The NDA offers a rigorous training program to cadets from the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force, preparing them for leadership roles in their respective services.
The motto of the NDA, 'Seva Parmo Dharma', emphasizes the importance of selfless service. It reflects the core values and ethos of the armed forces, where the welfare and security of the nation take precedence over personal interests. The cadets at the NDA are instilled with a sense of duty, discipline, and honor, which forms the foundation of their military training.
The NDA provides comprehensive training in academics, physical fitness, and military skills. The cadets undergo a rigorous curriculum that includes classroom lectures, outdoor exercises, and practical training in various aspects of warfare, leadership, and character development.
By adopting 'Seva Parmo Dharma' as its motto, the National Defence Academy reinforces the principles of selflessness, dedication, and commitment that are essential for a successful military career. It instills in its cadets a sense of responsibility towards the nation and prepares them to serve with integrity and honor.
In conclusion, the National Defence Academy located at Khadakwasla near Pune in Maharashtra has adopted 'Seva Parmo Dharma' (Service before Self) as its motto. This motto reflects the importance of selfless service and embodies the values and principles of the armed forces.

Headquarters of Asian Development Bank (ADB)

• City: Manila, Philippines

Detailed Explanation

• Asian Development Bank (ADB): The Asian Development Bank is a regional development bank established in 1966 to promote economic and social progress in Asia and the Pacific.


• Headquarters: The headquarters of the Asian Development Bank is located in Manila, the capital city of the Philippines.


• Reason for choosing Manila: Several factors contribute to the selection of Manila as the headquarters of ADB:




• Strategic Location: Manila is centrally located in Asia, making it accessible to member countries.


• Infrastructure: The city has well-developed infrastructure, including transportation, communication, and financial systems.


• International Presence: Manila is a major international hub, hosting various regional and international organizations.


• Government Support: The Philippine government has been supportive of the ADB's mission and provided assistance in establishing the headquarters.

Therefore, the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) is located in Manila, Philippines.

Answer:
The natural sugar found in milk is lactose. Lactose is a type of sugar that is specific to milk and dairy products. It is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of why lactose is the natural sugar found in milk:
Lactose:
- Lactose is a carbohydrate and the main sugar in milk.
- It is found in the milk of mammals, including humans.
- Lactose is a disaccharide, which means it is composed of two sugar molecules: glucose and galactose.
- It provides energy and is an important source of nutrition for infants and young children.
Other Sugars:
- Sucrose, also known as table sugar, is not naturally present in milk. It is commonly found in fruits and vegetables.
- Maltose is a sugar formed by the breakdown of starch and is not naturally present in milk.
- Fructose is a sugar found in fruits and honey, but it is not a natural component of milk.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the natural sugar found in milk is lactose. It is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose and provides essential nutrition for infants and young children.

The main spoken languages of Sikkim
The main spoken languages of Sikkim are 'Nepali', 'Lepcha', 'Bhutia', and 'Limbu'. These languages have significant influence and usage in the state. Here are the details:
1. Nepali:
- Nepali is the most widely spoken language in Sikkim.
- It is the official language of the state and is used in administrative, educational, and everyday communication.
- Nepali is also one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.
2. Lepcha:
- Lepcha is an indigenous language spoken by the Lepcha community in Sikkim.
- It is one of the oldest languages in the state and has its own unique script.
- Lepcha is mainly spoken in the northern parts of Sikkim.
3. Bhutia:
- Bhutia, also known as Sikkimese, is another prominent language in Sikkim.
- It is spoken by the Bhutia community, which is one of the major ethnic groups in the state.
- Bhutia is mainly spoken in the eastern and northern regions of Sikkim.
4. Limbu:
- Limbu is spoken by the Limbu community in Sikkim.
- It is mainly spoken in the eastern parts of the state, particularly in the districts of East Sikkim and South Sikkim.
- Limbu has its own script and is an important part of the cultural heritage of Sikkim.
Conclusion:
Sikkim, a state in northeastern India, has 'Nepali', 'Lepcha', 'Bhutia', and 'Limbu' as its main spoken languages. These languages reflect the diverse ethnic communities and cultural heritage of the state.