Knowledge Package - 2 - SSC CHSL MCQ

Question:
Polar bears are found at which pole?

Answer:
The correct answer is B: the North Pole. Polar bears are found in the Arctic region, which is located around the North Pole. Here is a detailed explanation:
Arctic Region:
- The Arctic region is the northernmost part of the Earth.
- It includes the Arctic Ocean and parts of Canada, Russia, Greenland, the United States, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland.
Polar Bears:
- Polar bears are native to the Arctic region and are well-adapted to live in cold and icy environments.
- They are the largest land carnivores and have a thick layer of blubber and a dense coat of fur to protect them from the cold.
- Polar bears primarily rely on sea ice for hunting seals, their main source of food.
North Pole vs. South Pole:
- The North Pole is located in the Arctic region and is mostly covered by the Arctic Ocean.
- The South Pole, on the other hand, is located in Antarctica, which is a continent covered in ice.
- While both poles are extremely cold, polar bears are only found in the Arctic region at the North Pole.
Conclusion:
Polar bears are found at the North Pole, which is part of the Arctic region. They are well-adapted to live in cold and icy environments and primarily rely on sea ice for hunting seals.

NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Explanation:
NATO is an acronym that stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It is an intergovernmental military alliance that was established in 1949. The organization was formed with the goal of promoting stability and cooperation among its member states, as well as providing collective defense in response to an armed attack.
The correct answer is option D: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

The smallest continent is Australia.
Explanation:
- The smallest continent is determined by land area.
- Australia has a land area of approximately 7.7 million square kilometers, making it the smallest continent.
- Antarctica is the second smallest continent, but it is not considered in this case as it is mostly covered by ice and is not inhabited by a permanent population.
- Europe and Asia are considered separate continents, but they are often referred to as Eurasia because they are connected and share a similar landmass.
- Europe has a land area of about 10.2 million square kilometers, making it larger than Australia.
- Asia is the largest continent, with a land area of approximately 44.6 million square kilometers.
In summary:
- The smallest continent is Australia.
- Antarctica is not considered in this case as it is mostly covered by ice and uninhabited.
- Europe and Asia are separate continents, but they are often referred to as Eurasia.

Who was the first man to walk on the moon?
The first man to walk on the moon was Neil Armstrong.
Detailed
- Neil Armstrong was the first man to set foot on the moon on July 20, 1969.
- He was an American astronaut and a part of NASA's Apollo 11 mission.
- Armstrong's famous words, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," were spoken as he descended the lunar module's ladder and touched the lunar surface.
- His historic moonwalk lasted for about 2 hours and 30 minutes.
- Armstrong was accompanied by Buzz Aldrin, who also walked on the moon during the Apollo 11 mission.
- The mission was a significant achievement for the United States in the Space Race against the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
- The success of the Apollo 11 mission paved the way for future lunar missions and expanded our understanding of space exploration.
In summary, Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon, making a monumental impact on human history and space exploration.

Who was the first Bangladeshi Cricketer to score a double century in test cricket?
The first Bangladeshi cricketer to score a double century in test cricket was Mushfiqur Rahim.
Explanation:
- Mushfiqur Rahim achieved this feat during the first test match against Sri Lanka in Galle in March 2013.
- He scored an unbeaten 200 runs in the second innings of the match.
- This double century by Mushfiqur Rahim made him the first Bangladeshi cricketer to achieve this milestone in test cricket.
- Rahim's innings included 22 boundaries and 1 six, and he faced a total of 321 deliveries.
- His double century played a crucial role in helping Bangladesh secure a draw in the test match.
- Mushfiqur Rahim's innings showcased his skill and determination, making him one of the greatest cricketers from Bangladesh.
Key Points:
- Mushfiqur Rahim was the first Bangladeshi cricketer to score a double century in test cricket.
- He achieved this milestone in the first test match against Sri Lanka in Galle in March 2013.
- Rahim's unbeaten innings of 200 runs played a crucial role in securing a draw for Bangladesh.
- His innings showcased his skill, determination, and contribution to Bangladesh cricket.

1. Film: Paan Singh Tomar
2. Award: National Film Award for Best Feature Film

The film that has bagged the National Film Award for Best Feature Film is Paan Singh Tomar.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:
- The National Film Award for Best Feature Film is a prestigious award given annually by the Government of India to recognize excellence in Indian cinema.
- Paan Singh Tomar is a critically acclaimed film that was released in 2012.
- The film is based on the true story of an Indian athlete who becomes a notorious bandit in the Chambal Valley after his retirement from the Indian Army.
- Paan Singh Tomar received widespread critical acclaim for its gripping storyline, powerful performances, and realistic portrayal of the protagonist's life.
- The film was directed by Tigmanshu Dhulia and starred Irrfan Khan in the lead role.
- It won several awards, including the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2012.
- The National Film Awards are considered one of the most prestigious awards in Indian cinema and are administered by the Directorate of Film Festivals, an organization under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
Conclusion:
Therefore, the film Paan Singh Tomar has won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film.

Winner of National Film Award for Best Actor:
- Irrfan Khan: Irrfan Khan won the National Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in the film "Paan Singh Tomar" in the year 2012.
- Vikram Gokhale: Vikram Gokhale won the National Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in the Marathi film "Anumati" in the year 2013.
Other Options:
- Shivaji Lotan: Shivaji Lotan Patil is an Indian film director and not known for winning the National Film Award for Best Actor.
- Kamal Hasan: Kamal Hasan is a renowned Indian actor and has won several National Film Awards, but not specifically for Best Actor.
- Ranbir Kapoor: Ranbir Kapoor is a popular Bollywood actor, but he has not won the National Film Award for Best Actor.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Irrfan Khan & Vikram Gokhale.

Winner of National Film Award for Best Actress:
- The National Film Award for Best Actress is an annual award presented by the Government of India to recognize the best performance by an actress in a leading role in Indian cinema.
- The award is considered one of the most prestigious honors in the Indian film industry.
- The winner of the National Film Award for Best Actress in a given year is selected by a jury of film professionals appointed by the Directorate of Film Festivals, an organization under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
- The criteria for selecting the winner include the actress's performance, character portrayal, and overall contribution to the film.
- The award is announced and presented at the National Film Awards ceremony, which is held in New Delhi.
- The winner receives a Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus) medal, a cash prize, and a certificate of recognition.
Winner of National Film Award for Best Actress:
- In this specific case, the winner of the National Film Award for Best Actress is Usha Jadhav.
- Usha Jadhav is an Indian actress who primarily works in Marathi cinema.
- She won the National Film Award for Best Actress in 2012 for her performance in the Marathi film "Dhag."
- "Dhag" is a drama film directed by Shivaji Lotan Patil, and it revolves around the story of a poor boy who dreams of owning a cycle.
- Usha Jadhav's portrayal of the boy's mother in the film was highly acclaimed and garnered her critical acclaim.
- Her performance was praised for its emotional depth and realistic portrayal.
Other Options:
- Priyanka Chopra is a renowned Indian actress, but she has not won the National Film Award for Best Actress.
- Ananya Chatterjee is a Bengali actress who won the National Film Award for Best Actress in 2009 for her performance in the film "Abohoman."
- Arundhuti Nag is an Indian actress known for her work in Bengali and Hindi cinema. She has not won the National Film Award for Best Actress.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Usha Jadhav.

The head of the panel on Energy Security constituted by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas is Vijay Kelkar.
Some important points to note about the panel on Energy Security are:
Formation:
- The panel on Energy Security was constituted by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
- The aim of the panel is to address the challenges and issues related to energy security in the country.
Head:
- The head of the panel on Energy Security is Vijay Kelkar.
- Vijay Kelkar is a renowned economist and policymaker in India.
- He has served as the Chairman of the Finance Commission of India and has held various key positions in the government.
Role:
- The panel is responsible for formulating policies and strategies to ensure energy security in the country.
- It analyzes the current energy scenario, identifies potential risks, and proposes measures to mitigate them.
- The panel also advises the government on energy-related matters and recommends reforms in the energy sector.
Importance of Energy Security:
- Energy security is crucial for the sustainable development of any country.
- It ensures a continuous and reliable supply of energy resources for various sectors such as industry, transportation, and households.
- Energy security reduces dependence on imports, promotes energy efficiency, and encourages the use of renewable energy sources.
Conclusion:
Vijay Kelkar is the head of the panel on Energy Security constituted by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. The panel plays a vital role in formulating policies and strategies to ensure energy security in the country. Energy security is essential for the sustainable development of India and reduces dependence on imports while promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy sources.

Answer:
The state that has bagged the National Tourism Award is Andhra Pradesh.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of why Andhra Pradesh has won the National Tourism Award:
- Andhra Pradesh has received the National Tourism Award for its outstanding contribution to the tourism sector.
- The state has been recognized for its efforts in promoting and developing tourism infrastructure, attracting tourists, and showcasing its rich cultural heritage.
- Andhra Pradesh has implemented various initiatives and programs to boost tourism, such as the development of tourist circuits, promotion of eco-tourism, and organizing cultural festivals.
- The state has also made significant investments in improving tourist facilities, including the development of accommodation options, transportation services, and tourist attractions.
- Andhra Pradesh has witnessed a steady increase in tourist arrivals over the years, thanks to its diverse range of attractions, including historical sites, religious destinations, pristine beaches, and scenic landscapes.
- The state's efforts in marketing and promoting tourism have also contributed to its success in winning the National Tourism Award.
Overall, Andhra Pradesh's commitment to the growth and development of its tourism sector has earned it the prestigious National Tourism Award.

Participants in the Round Table Conferences:
The Round Table Conferences were a series of meetings held in London from 1930 to 1932, aimed at discussing and negotiating constitutional reforms for India. The participants included representatives from various political parties, organizations, and communities. Among these participants, the following individuals attended all three Round Table Conferences:
1. B.R. Ambedkar:
- B.R. Ambedkar was a prominent Indian jurist, economist, and social reformer.
- He was the chairman of the drafting committee of the Indian Constitution and played a crucial role in the formation of modern India.
- Ambedkar represented the depressed classes (now known as Scheduled Castes) during the Round Table Conferences.
- He advocated for the rights and upliftment of marginalized communities in India.
Other participants in the Round Table Conferences:
2. M.K. Gandhi:
- Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of the Indian National Congress, attended the Second Round Table Conference in 1931.
- However, he did not participate in the first and third conferences due to disagreements with the British government's policies.
3. Madan Mohan Malviya:
- Madan Mohan Malviya, a prominent Indian educationist and politician, attended the First and Second Round Table Conferences.
- However, he did not participate in the third conference.
4. Sardar Patel:
- Vallabhbhai Patel, popularly known as Sardar Patel, was a key figure in the Indian independence movement.
- He attended the Second Round Table Conference in 1931 as a representative of the Indian National Congress.
- However, he did not participate in the first and third conferences.
Conclusion:
- Out of the given options, only B.R. Ambedkar participated in all three Round Table Conferences.
- While M.K. Gandhi, Madan Mohan Malviya, and Sardar Patel attended some of the conferences, they did not participate in all three.

The correct pair is A: Surya Sen: Chatgaon Case
Explanation:
The given question is asking to identify the correct pair out of the given options. Let's analyze each option and determine the correct pair:
A: Surya Sen: Chatgaon Case:
- Surya Sen was an Indian independence activist who played a significant role in the Indian independence movement.
- The Chatgaon case refers to the incident where Surya Sen and his associates attacked the police and seized arms and ammunition in Chatgaon, Bengal in 1930.
- This option is correct.
B: Ramprasad Bismil: Second Lahore Conspiracy Case:
- Ramprasad Bismil was an Indian revolutionary who participated in the Kakori Conspiracy.
- The Second Lahore Conspiracy Case refers to the case in which Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar, and others were charged for throwing bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi in 1929.
- This option is incorrect as it does not match the correct pair.
C: Bhagat Singh: Kakori Conspiracy Case:
- Bhagat Singh was a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement.
- The Kakori Conspiracy Case refers to the incident where a group of revolutionaries, including Ramprasad Bismil, attempted to rob the train carrying government funds near Kakori, Uttar Pradesh in 1925.
- This option is incorrect as it does not match the correct pair.
D: Chandrashekhar Azad: Delhi Bomb Case:
- Chandrashekhar Azad was an Indian revolutionary associated with Bhagat Singh and the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
- The Delhi Bomb Case refers to the case in which Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar, and others were charged for throwing bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi in 1929.
- This option is incorrect as it does not match the correct pair.
Therefore, the correct pair is A: Surya Sen: Chatgaon Case.

Subhash Chandra Bose and the Government of Free India
Subhash Chandra Bose, also known as Netaji, played a significant role in India's struggle for independence. He formed the Azad Hind Government or the Provisional Government of Free India during World War II to oppose British rule. The Government of Free India was inaugurated at:
A: Singapore
- Subhash Chandra Bose inaugurated the Government of Free India in Singapore on October 21, 1943.
- He hoisted the Indian national flag and took the oath of office as the Head of State of the Provisional Government.
- Bose addressed the gathering, emphasizing the goal of liberating India from British rule and seeking support from the Indian community.
Importance of Singapore in Bose's Journey
- Singapore was strategically significant due to its proximity to India and its large Indian population.
- Bose had established the Indian National Army (INA) in Singapore, which consisted of Indian prisoners of war captured by the Japanese.
- He sought support from the Axis powers, including Japan and Germany, to fight against the British.
Subsequent Developments
- After the inauguration, the Government of Free India operated from Singapore and later moved to Rangoon in Burma (now Myanmar).
- Bose continued his efforts to rally support and resources for the independence movement.
- The INA fought alongside the Japanese forces against the British in Burma and India, aiming to liberate India.
In conclusion
- Subhash Chandra Bose inaugurated the Government of Free India in Singapore.
- Singapore was chosen strategically, and it served as a base for Bose's activities during World War II.
- The Government of Free India aimed to mobilize support, resources, and military strength to fight against British rule in India.

Primary Rocks:
- Primary rocks are the first rocks formed in the Earth's crust.
- They are also known as igneous rocks.
Igneous Rocks:
- Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten material called magma.
- Magma is produced when the Earth's mantle melts and rises to the surface.
- When magma cools and solidifies, it forms igneous rocks.
- Igneous rocks can be further classified into two types: intrusive and extrusive.
- Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface, resulting in large mineral crystals.
- Extrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools quickly on the Earth's surface, resulting in small mineral crystals or glassy textures.
Examples of Igneous Rocks:
- Granite, which is commonly used as a building material.
- Basalt, which is commonly found in volcanic areas.
- Pumice, which is a light and porous rock.
- Obsidian, which is a glass-like rock.
Conclusion:
- Among the given options, igneous rocks are primary rocks.
- Therefore, the correct answer is A: Igneous.

The Gulf of Mannar is situated along the coast of Tamil Nadu.
The Gulf of Mannar is a large bay located along the southeastern coast of India. It is known for its rich biodiversity and is recognized as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO. Here are some key points about the location of the Gulf of Mannar:
1. Location: The Gulf of Mannar is situated between the southeastern coast of Tamil Nadu in India and the western coast of Sri Lanka.
2. Tamil Nadu: The majority of the Gulf of Mannar lies along the coast of Tamil Nadu. It stretches from Rameswaram in the north to Thoothukudi (Tuticorin) in the south.
3. Islands: The Gulf of Mannar is dotted with several islands, including the famous Rameswaram Island and the uninhabited Adam's Bridge or Ram Setu, which connects India and Sri Lanka.
4. Marine National Park: A significant portion of the Gulf of Mannar is protected as the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, which is home to diverse marine life, coral reefs, and seagrass beds.
5. Biodiversity: The Gulf of Mannar is known for its rich biodiversity, with over 3,600 species of flora and fauna, including rare and endangered species like the dugong (sea cow) and the sea turtle.
6. Fishing and Shipping: The Gulf of Mannar is an important fishing zone and also serves as a major shipping route for international trade.
In conclusion, the Gulf of Mannar is situated along the coast of Tamil Nadu in India. Its location, biodiversity, and ecological significance make it a unique and valuable coastal area.

The river with the highest tidal bore in India is the Hooghli River.
The tidal bore is a natural phenomenon that occurs when the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave or series of waves that travel up a river against the direction of the current. The Hooghli River, also known as the Bhagirathi River, is a distributary of the Ganges River and is located in West Bengal, India. Here's why the Hooghli River has the highest tidal bore in India:
1. Location:
- The Hooghli River is situated near the Bay of Bengal, which experiences some of the highest tidal ranges in the world.
- Its proximity to the bay allows for the strong tidal currents to travel up the river.
2. Confluence:
- The Hooghli River is formed by the confluence of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers.
- The merging of these two powerful rivers creates a significant volume of water flowing downstream.
3. Narrowing of the River:
- As the Hooghli River flows inland, it gradually narrows, creating a funnel-like effect.
- This narrowing of the river channel helps to amplify the incoming tides, resulting in a higher tidal bore.
4. Tidal Range:
- The Bay of Bengal experiences a large tidal range due to the gravitational pull of the moon and sun.
- This significant tidal range contributes to the formation of a strong tidal bore in the Hooghli River.
5. Cultural Significance:
- The tidal bore in the Hooghli River is known as the "Borolin," which is celebrated as a cultural event.
- People gather along the riverbanks to witness the impressive tidal wave and participate in various activities.
In conclusion, the Hooghli River in India has the highest tidal bore due to its location near the Bay of Bengal, the confluence of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, the narrowing of the river channel, the significant tidal range, and its cultural significance.

Question: Which one among the following is not a mixture?
Options:
- A: Graphite
- B: Steel
- C: Glass
- D: Brass
Answer: A (Graphite)
Explanation:
To determine which option is not a mixture, we need to understand the definition of a mixture.
A mixture is a substance made up of two or more different types of particles that are not chemically combined.
Now let's analyze each option:
- A: Graphite
- Graphite is a form of carbon.
- It consists of carbon atoms arranged in layers.
- Since graphite is composed of a single element (carbon), it is not a mixture.

- B: Steel
- Steel is an alloy composed primarily of iron and carbon.
- It may also contain other elements such as manganese, chromium, or nickel.
- Since steel is composed of multiple elements, it is a mixture.

- C: Glass
- Glass is a solid material made by heating a mixture of silica (silicon dioxide) and other compounds.
- It can also contain other elements for different properties, such as sodium or calcium.
- Since glass is composed of multiple elements, it is a mixture.

- D: Brass
- Brass is an alloy composed primarily of copper and zinc.
- It can also contain other elements such as lead or tin.
- Since brass is composed of multiple elements, it is a mixture.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A: Graphite, as it is not a mixture but a pure form of carbon.

Cell Organelles and Semi-permeability
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Within the cell, there are various organelles that perform specific functions. One important aspect of cell organelles is their permeability, or the ability to allow certain substances to pass through while restricting others. Among the given options, the semi-permeable organelle is the plasma membrane.
Plasma Membrane as a Semi-permeable Organelle
The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins. The structure of the plasma membrane allows it to be selectively permeable, meaning it controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Key Points:
- The plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the internal environment of the cell by controlling the exchange of molecules and ions.
- It allows small, nonpolar molecules (such as oxygen and carbon dioxide) to pass through freely by simple diffusion.
- It also allows the passage of small polar molecules (such as water) through specialized channels called aquaporins.
- Larger molecules and charged ions require specific transport proteins to facilitate their movement across the membrane.
- The plasma membrane prevents the entry of harmful substances and regulates the concentration of ions inside the cell.
Conclusion
Among the given options, the plasma membrane is the organelle that is semi-permeable. It selectively regulates the entry and exit of substances, ensuring the cell's internal environment remains optimal for its functioning.

Explanation:
The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus of its atom. Here's a breakdown of why the correct answer is D:
A: Number of protons and electrons:
- While the number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons, it does not determine the atomic number.
- Electrons can be gained or lost to form ions, so the number of electrons can vary.
B: Number of nucleons:
- Nucleons refer to both protons and neutrons.
- While the total number of nucleons determines the mass number, it does not determine the atomic number.
- The atomic number only takes into account the number of protons.
C: Number of ions:
- Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons.
- The number of ions does not determine the atomic number since it can vary depending on the gain or loss of electrons.
D: Number of protons:
- The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of its atom.
- This is because each element has a unique number of protons, which defines its identity on the periodic table.
- The atomic number is represented by the symbol Z.
Therefore, the correct answer is D: Number of protons.

Periscope is made using a plane mirror.
Explanation:
A periscope is an optical instrument that is used to view objects that are not in the direct line of sight. It consists of a long tube with two mirrors at each end. The mirrors are set at an angle of 45 degrees to the axis of the tube. The top mirror reflects the image downward, while the bottom mirror reflects the image forward, allowing the viewer to see objects that are above eye level or around corners.
Advantages of using a plane mirror in a periscope:
- A plane mirror is a flat mirror that reflects light without distorting the image, making it ideal for use in a periscope.
- It reflects light rays at the same angle at which they strike the mirror, resulting in a clear and undistorted image.
- Plane mirrors are readily available and easy to manufacture, making them a cost-effective choice for constructing a periscope.
- The use of a plane mirror also allows for a compact design, as the mirrors can be arranged in a way that minimizes the overall size of the periscope.
Conclusion:
In summary, a periscope is made using a plane mirror. The plane mirror reflects light without distorting the image and allows the viewer to see objects that are not in the direct line of sight.

Electric energy is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh). Here is a detailed explanation of why kilowatt-hour is the unit of electric energy:
1. Definition of kilowatt-hour: A kilowatt-hour is a unit of energy equal to the amount of energy consumed by a device with a power rating of one kilowatt operating for one hour.
2. Electric energy: Electric energy is the total amount of energy consumed or produced by an electrical system over a certain period of time. It is the product of power and time.
3. Electric power: Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy is consumed or produced. It is the amount of work done or energy transferred per unit time.
4. Relation between electric energy and electric power: Electric energy is directly proportional to electric power and time. The formula to calculate electric energy is given by:
Energy (kWh) = Power (kW) x Time (hours)
5. Unit of electric energy: The unit of electric energy, kilowatt-hour (kWh), is commonly used to measure the amount of electricity consumed by households, businesses, and industries.
6. Usage of kilowatt-hour: Kilowatt-hour is used for billing purposes by electric utility companies. It helps in determining the cost of electricity consumed by consumers.
7. Other units of energy: While kilowatt-hour is commonly used for electricity, other units of energy such as joules (J) or British thermal units (BTU) are used in different contexts.
In conclusion, kilowatt-hour is the unit of electric energy, which is a measure of the amount of electrical energy consumed or produced over a certain period of time. It is commonly used for billing purposes and is directly related to electric power and time.

Explanation:
A stable nucleus (light with A < 10) has
- A stable nucleus refers to a nucleus that is not radioactive and does not undergo spontaneous decay.
- A light nucleus refers to a nucleus with a low atomic mass number (A) of less than 10.
Possible options for a stable nucleus:
A: no protons
- This option is not possible because protons are required for the nucleus to have a positive charge.
B: no neutrons
- This option is not possible because neutrons are necessary for the stability of the nucleus.
The correct answer:
C: exactly the same number of neutrons and protons
- In a stable nucleus, the number of protons and neutrons is balanced. This balance is important for the nucleus to be stable and not undergo spontaneous decay.
D: more neutrons than protons
- This option is not correct because having more neutrons than protons can lead to an unstable nucleus, which may undergo radioactive decay.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: a stable nucleus (light with A < 10) has exactly the same number of neutrons and protons.

The Supreme Court of India's Definition of Right to Life and Its Derivative Rights:
According to the Supreme Court of India, the Right to Life as enshrined in Article 21 of the Constitution includes several derivative rights. These rights, which have been expanded by the Court, aim to ensure a dignified and meaningful life for every individual. The following derivative rights have been included in the Court's definition:
1. Right to education: The Supreme Court has recognized education as an integral part of the Right to Life. It has emphasized the importance of providing free and compulsory education to children up to the age of 14 years.
2. Right to food and adequate livelihood: The Court has recognized that the Right to Life includes the right to food and the right to a livelihood that ensures a decent standard of living. It has emphasized the need for the government to take affirmative action to eradicate hunger and poverty.
3. Right to live in a healthy environment: The Supreme Court has held that the Right to Life encompasses the right to live in a clean and healthy environment. It has emphasized the importance of environmental protection and sustainable development.
4. Right to health and information: The Court has recognized the right to health as an essential part of the Right to Life. It has emphasized the need for accessible and affordable healthcare facilities for all citizens. Additionally, the Court has also recognized the right to information as a fundamental right that facilitates the exercise of other rights.
The Right to Education is not included in the Court's definition:
Among the options given, the Right to Education is not included in the Court's definition of the Right to Life. However, it is important to note that the Right to Education is still recognized and protected as a fundamental right under Article 21A of the Constitution. This right ensures free and compulsory education to all children between the ages of 6 and 14 years. While it is not explicitly included in the Court's definition of the Right to Life in Article 21, it is a separate and significant right guaranteed by the Constitution.
In conclusion, the Supreme Court of India has expanded the meaning of the Right to Life to include the derivative rights such as the right to education, right to food and adequate livelihood, right to live in a healthy environment, and right to health and information. While the Right to Education is not explicitly included in the Court's definition of the Right to Life, it is still recognized as a separate fundamental right under Article 21A of the Constitution.

Production of Coal in Indian States in Descending Order:
The correct sequence of production of coal in the Indian states in descending order is as follows:
1. Jharkhand: Jharkhand is the largest coal-producing state in India. It accounts for around 26% of the total coal production in the country. Major coalfields in Jharkhand include Jharia, Bokaro, North Karanpura, and South Karanpura.
2. West Bengal: West Bengal is the second-largest coal-producing state in India. It contributes to about 16% of the total coal production in the country. The major coalfields in West Bengal are Raniganj, Asansol, and Darjeeling.
3. Meghalaya: Meghalaya is the third-largest coal-producing state in India. It accounts for approximately 9% of the total coal production in the country. The coalfields in Meghalaya are mainly located in the Garo Hills and Khasi Hills regions.
4. Madhya Pradesh: Madhya Pradesh is the fourth-largest coal-producing state in India. It contributes to around 8% of the total coal production in the country. The major coalfields in Madhya Pradesh are Singrauli, Sohagpur, and Johilla.
Therefore, the correct sequence of production of coal in the Indian states in descending order is: B: Jharkhand-West Bengal-Meghalaya-Madhya Pradesh.

'Anandmath', 'Durgeshnondini' and 'Kapalkundala' novels were authored bywhich Bengali writer ?
Answer: C. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Explanation:
- Bankim Chandra Chatterjee is the Bengali writer who authored the novels 'Anandmath', 'Durgeshnondini', and 'Kapalkundala'.
- Bankim Chandra Chatterjee was a prominent figure in the Bengali literary world during the 19th century.
- He is considered one of the key figures in the Bengal Renaissance and is often referred to as the father of modern Indian literature.
- 'Anandmath' is a historical novel set in the backdrop of the Sannyasi Rebellion in the late 18th century.
- 'Durgeshnondini' is a romantic novel that tells the story of the protagonist Durgeshnondini and her journey through love, sacrifice, and redemption.
- 'Kapalkundala' is a love story between Kapalkundala, a beautiful tribal girl, and Nabakumar, a young man from a higher caste.
- Bankim Chandra Chatterjee's works played a significant role in shaping the Bengali literary tradition and continue to be celebrated for their cultural and social impact.

Baglihar Dam
The Baglihar Dam, also known as Baglihar Hydroelectric Power Project, is a dam built across the Chenab River in Jammu & Kashmir, India. Here are the key details about the dam:
Location: Jammu & Kashmir, India
River: Chenab River
Features of Baglihar Dam:
- The Baglihar Dam is a concrete gravity dam.
- It has a height of 143 meters and a length of 317 meters.
- The dam has a total capacity of 900 MW.
- It is designed to generate hydroelectric power by harnessing the water of the Chenab River.
- The project was undertaken by the Jammu and Kashmir State Power Development Corporation (JKSPDC).
Importance of Baglihar Dam:
- The Baglihar Dam plays a crucial role in meeting the power requirements of Jammu & Kashmir.
- It helps in the development of the region by providing a reliable source of clean and renewable energy.
- The dam also helps in irrigation and flood control in the Chenab River basin.
- The project has been beneficial in terms of employment generation and infrastructure development in the region.
Controversies:
- The construction of the Baglihar Dam has faced controversies and disputes between India and Pakistan.
- Pakistan has raised concerns about the design and operation of the dam, claiming that it violates the provisions of the Indus Waters Treaty.
- The issue has been taken up by both countries at the International Court of Arbitration, and a settlement was reached in 2007.
Conclusion:
The Baglihar Dam, built across the Chenab River in Jammu & Kashmir, is a significant hydroelectric power project in India. It has played a crucial role in meeting the power requirements of the region and has contributed to its overall development. Despite the controversies surrounding its construction, the dam continues to function as a vital source of clean and renewable energy.

The first Indian Institute of Management (IIM) was established in 1961 in Kolkata.
The establishment of the first IIM in Kolkata marked a significant milestone in the field of management education in India. Here are some key points about the establishment of the first IIM:
1. Background:
- The need for a specialized institution for management education in India was recognized by the government and industry leaders.
- The idea was to create a world-class institution that could cater to the growing demand for trained managers in the country.
2. Establishment:
- The first IIM was established on November 13, 1961, in Kolkata (formerly known as Calcutta) in the state of West Bengal.
- It was the result of a collaboration between the Government of India, the Government of West Bengal, and the Alfred P. Sloan School of Management at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA.
3. Leadership:
- The first director of the IIM Kolkata was Dr. K.T. Chandy, a distinguished economist and educationist.
- Under his leadership, the institute laid the foundation for quality management education in India.
4. Curriculum and Programs:
- The institute initially offered a two-year Post Graduate Program in Management (PGPM).
- The curriculum was designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of management principles and practices.
5. Campus:
- The first IIM Kolkata was originally located in the city's prestigious Park Street area.
- In 1977, the institute moved to its present campus in Joka, a suburb of Kolkata, which provides a conducive environment for learning and research.
6. Legacy:
- The success of the first IIM in Kolkata paved the way for the establishment of other IIMs in different parts of the country.
- Today, the IIM Kolkata is recognized as one of the premier management institutes in India and is known for its academic excellence and research contributions.
In conclusion, the first Indian Institute of Management (IIM) was established in 1961 in Kolkata. It played a pivotal role in shaping the management education landscape in India and has since become one of the most prestigious institutions in the country.

Answer:
The line that connects the points on a map that receive equal amounts of rainfall is called an Isohyet.
Explanation:
Isohyets are lines on a map that join points with the same amount of rainfall. They are used to represent the distribution of rainfall across a particular area. Here's a detailed explanation:
- Definition: Isohyets are contour lines that connect points of equal precipitation or rainfall. They are similar to contour lines on a topographic map, but instead of representing elevation, they represent rainfall amounts.
- Purpose: Isohyets are used to visualize and analyze the spatial distribution of rainfall. They help identify regions with similar rainfall patterns and can be used for various purposes, such as agricultural planning, water resource management, and climate studies.
- Creation: Isohyets are created by using data from rainfall measurements taken at different locations within a specific time period. These measurements are then interpolated to create a continuous representation of rainfall across the entire area.
- Representation: Isohyets are typically depicted as curved lines on a map, with each line representing a specific rainfall amount. The lines are usually labeled with the corresponding rainfall value.
- Interpretation: By analyzing the spacing and distribution of isohyets, one can gain insights into the rainfall patterns of an area. Areas with closely spaced isohyets indicate a rapid change in rainfall amounts, while areas with widely spaced isohyets suggest a gradual change in rainfall.
- Application: Isohyets are widely used in meteorology, climatology, hydrology, and agriculture. They help in understanding precipitation patterns, estimating water availability, and planning irrigation systems.
In conclusion, the line that connects points on a map with equal amounts of rainfall is called an Isohyet. It is a valuable tool for understanding and analyzing rainfall patterns across different regions.

Indian Air Force AWACS Capability Acquisition
Background:
- The Indian Air Force aimed to enhance its capabilities by acquiring the Airborne Warning And Control System (AWACS).
- AWACS is a surveillance and control system that provides early warning and command and control functions for the defense forces.
Acquisition of Phalcon Radar:
- On 28 May 2008, the Indian Air Force achieved the AWACS capability by procuring the Phalcon radar system.
- The Phalcon radar is mounted on a Russian plane called IL-76.
- The Phalcon radar system is crucial for the AWACS capability as it provides a 360-degree coverage and long-range surveillance capabilities.
Country of Origin:
- The Phalcon radar system was procured from Israel.
Explanation:
- Israel is known for its expertise in advanced defense technologies, including radar systems.
- The Indian Air Force chose to acquire the Phalcon radar system from Israel due to its proven track record and technological advancements in the field.
- The Phalcon radar system mounted on the IL-76 aircraft significantly enhances the Indian Air Force's surveillance and command capabilities.
Conclusion:
- The Indian Air Force attained the AWACS capability on 28 May 2008 through the acquisition of the Phalcon radar system.
- The Phalcon radar system was procured from Israel, highlighting Israel's expertise in advanced defense technologies.
- This acquisition has significantly enhanced the Indian Air Force's surveillance and command capabilities.

The inventor of Optical Fibre:
Narinder Singh Kapany
Explanation:
- Optical Fibre is a technology that uses thin strands of glass or plastic to transmit light signals over long distances.
- It was invented by Narinder Singh Kapany, an India born physicist, in the 1950s.
- Kapany was born on October 31, 1926, in Moga, Punjab, India.
- He obtained his Bachelor's degree in Science from Agra University and went on to complete his Master's degree in Optics and Optoelectronics from Imperial College London.
- Kapany's invention of Optical Fibre revolutionized the field of telecommunications and paved the way for high-speed internet, long-distance telephone calls, and other optical communication systems.
- He is often referred to as the "Father of Fiber Optics" for his significant contributions to the development and commercialization of the technology.
- Kapany's research and inventions also extended to other areas such as biomedical optics, lasers, and solar energy.
- His work has earned him numerous awards and honors, including the Padma Bhushan, the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman, and the Marconi Prize.
- Narinder Singh Kapany's work continues to impact the world of technology and communication, and his contributions have played a crucial role in shaping the modern digital age.