Knowledge Package - 26 - SSC CHSL MCQ

Answer:

The national airline of Bangladesh is called 'Biman'.

Explanation:

Biman Bangladesh Airlines, commonly known as Biman, is the national flag carrier airline of Bangladesh. It is headquartered in Dhaka and operates flights to domestic and international destinations.

Here are some key points about Biman:

• Establishment: Biman Bangladesh Airlines was established in 1972.


• International Destinations: Biman operates flights to major cities in Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. Some of the international destinations served by Biman include London, Dubai, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Delhi, Kolkata, and more.


• Fleet: Biman has a fleet of modern aircraft including Boeing 787 Dreamliners, Boeing 777-300ERs, and Boeing 737-800s.


• Domestic Operations: Biman also operates domestic flights within Bangladesh, connecting major cities like Chittagong, Sylhet, and Cox's Bazar.


• Services: Biman offers various services to its passengers, including inflight entertainment, comfortable seating, and a choice of meals.


• Contributions: Biman plays a crucial role in connecting Bangladesh with the rest of the world, promoting tourism, and facilitating trade and business activities.

In conclusion, Biman Bangladesh Airlines is the national airline of Bangladesh, serving both domestic and international destinations with its modern fleet of aircraft.

Background:
The religious doctrine 'Din-i-Ilahi' was introduced by a Mughal ruler in 1581. This doctrine aimed to create a syncretic religion that blended elements of Islam, Hinduism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, and Christianity.
Answer:
The Mughal ruler who started the religious doctrine 'Din-i-Ilahi' was Akbar.
Explanation:
Akbar, known as Akbar the Great, was the third Mughal emperor who reigned from 1556 to 1605. He was known for his religious tolerance and his efforts to promote harmony among different religious communities in his empire.
Here are some key points about Akbar and his religious doctrine:
1. Akbar's religious beliefs:
- Akbar was deeply interested in religious and philosophical matters.
- He believed in the unity of God and sought to create a religion that transcended sectarian divisions.
- Akbar's religious beliefs also reflected his political ideology, as he aimed to create a sense of unity and loyalty among his diverse subjects.
2. The creation of Din-i-Ilahi:
- In 1581, Akbar introduced the religious doctrine called 'Din-i-Ilahi' or 'Divine Faith.'
- The doctrine was a syncretic blend of various religious traditions, including Islam, Hinduism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, and Christianity.
- It aimed to create a common platform for religious and philosophical discussions among scholars and intellectuals of different faiths.
3. Key principles of Din-i-Ilahi:
- The central principle of Din-i-Ilahi was the belief in the unity of God and the rejection of idol worship.
- Akbar emphasized ethical conduct and encouraged his followers to practice virtues such as honesty, piety, and justice.
- The doctrine also promoted mutual respect and tolerance among different religious communities.
4. Acceptance and decline:
- While Akbar had a circle of followers who embraced Din-i-Ilahi, it did not gain widespread acceptance among the general population.
- After Akbar's death, his successors, especially Aurangzeb, did not support or promote the doctrine, leading to its decline.
In conclusion, Akbar, the third Mughal emperor, started the religious doctrine 'Din-i-Ilahi' in 1581. This syncretic doctrine aimed to promote religious tolerance, unity, and ethical conduct among his diverse subjects. While it did not gain long-term acceptance, it remains a significant aspect of Akbar's reign and his efforts towards religious harmony.

India procured the aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov from Russia.
Explanation:
- The aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov was originally built for the Soviet Navy.
- It was commissioned in 1987 and named after Sergey Gorshkov, a Soviet admiral.
- After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the ship was renamed as the Admiral Gorshkov and became part of the Russian Navy.
- In 2004, India and Russia signed an agreement for the purchase of the Admiral Gorshkov by the Indian Navy.
- The deal included the refurbishment and modernization of the aircraft carrier.
- The ship underwent extensive repairs, upgrades, and modifications at the Sevmash shipyard in Russia.
- The project faced several delays and cost escalations, leading to protracted negotiations between India and Russia.
- Finally, in 2012, the rechristened INS Vikramaditya (formerly Admiral Gorshkov) was delivered to the Indian Navy.
- The aircraft carrier is currently in service with the Indian Navy, enhancing its maritime capabilities.
Therefore, India procured the aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov from Russia, and it joined the Indian Navy as INS Vikramaditya in 2012.

National Film Award for Best First Film of a Director

• Answer: D. Indira Gandhi Award

Explanation:
The National Film Awards is the most prominent film award ceremony in India. It is presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals, an organization under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. The award recognizes excellence in Indian cinema across various categories.
The National Film Award for Best First Film of a Director is given to recognize and honor the outstanding debut film of a director. This award acknowledges the talent and potential shown by a director in their first film.
The award for Best First Film of a Director is known as the Indira Gandhi Award. It is named in honor of the late Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, who was also a prominent figure in Indian politics and played a significant role in the development of the Indian film industry.
The Indira Gandhi Award is presented in the form of a certificate and a cash prize. It is considered a prestigious recognition for aspiring filmmakers and serves as a platform to launch their careers in the Indian film industry.

Kalaripayattu: Traditional Martial Art of Kerala
Kalaripayattu is a traditional martial art form that originated in the southern Indian state of Kerala. It is considered to be one of the oldest fighting systems in existence and has a history that dates back over 2000 years. This martial art form is known for its unique combination of physical techniques, self-defense, and weaponry skills.
Key Points:
- Origin: Kalaripayattu originated in Kerala, a state located in the southwestern part of India.
- Historical Significance: It is believed that the martial art form was developed by the ancient warrior clans of Kerala, who used it as a means of self-defense and combat training.
- Techniques: Kalaripayattu incorporates a wide range of techniques, including strikes, kicks, grappling, and weaponry skills. It also emphasizes flexibility, agility, and body control.
- Weapons Training: The practitioners of Kalaripayattu are trained in various traditional weapons like swords, spears, daggers, and shields.
- Physical Conditioning: Apart from combat techniques, Kalaripayattu also focuses on physical conditioning and strengthening exercises. These include body postures, stances, and controlled breathing techniques.
- Cultural Significance: Kalaripayattu is not just a martial art form but also an integral part of Kerala's cultural heritage. It is often performed during festivals and cultural events, showcasing the state's rich traditions.
- Modern Influence: Over the years, Kalaripayattu has gained popularity worldwide and has influenced other martial art forms, including some popular forms of martial arts in East Asia.
Conclusion:
Kalaripayattu, the traditional martial art of Kerala, is a significant aspect of the state's cultural heritage. It is known for its unique techniques, weapons training, and physical conditioning exercises. With its rich history and cultural significance, Kalaripayattu continues to be practiced and admired both within and outside of India.

Hazratbal Dargah, which houses the sacred hair of Prophet Mohammed, is situated in which city?
The Hazratbal Dargah, which is home to the sacred hair of Prophet Mohammed, is located in the city of Srinagar.
Explanation:
- The Hazratbal Dargah is a revered shrine located in Srinagar, the capital city of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
- The dargah holds great significance for Muslims as it houses a relic believed to be a strand of hair from the beard of Prophet Mohammed.
- The shrine is situated on the banks of the Dal Lake, adding to its serene and picturesque surroundings.
- Hazratbal Dargah is considered one of the holiest shrines in the region and attracts a large number of devotees, both locals and tourists, who come to offer prayers and seek blessings.
- The architecture of the dargah is influenced by Persian and Mughal styles, with a white marble facade and a prominent dome.
- The annual festival of Eid-e-Milad-un-Nabi, which marks the birth anniversary of Prophet Mohammed, is celebrated with great fervor at Hazratbal Dargah.
- The shrine serves as a symbol of spiritual and cultural heritage and is an important religious site in Srinagar.
In conclusion, the Hazratbal Dargah, which houses the sacred hair of Prophet Mohammed, is situated in the city of Srinagar.

'Struggle for Existence' book is the autobiography of which Indian woman leader?
The answer is D: Mamta Banerjee.
Detailed
- 'Struggle for Existence' is an autobiography written by an Indian woman leader.
- This book chronicles the life and struggles of the author.
- The book provides insights into the personal and professional journey of the woman leader.
- The autobiography offers a deep understanding of the challenges faced by the author in her quest for existence.
- The book highlights the determination, resilience, and perseverance of the woman leader in overcoming obstacles.
- It sheds light on the various roles and responsibilities undertaken by the author in her political career.
- The autobiography offers a glimpse into the author's ideologies, beliefs, and vision for the future.
- It serves as an inspiration for individuals aspiring to make a difference in society.
- The book provides an opportunity to learn from the experiences and wisdom of the Indian woman leader.
- It is a valuable resource for those interested in understanding the socio-political landscape of India.
Therefore, 'Struggle for Existence' is the autobiography of Mamta Banerjee, an Indian woman leader.

Who administers the oath of office to the President of India?
The Chief Justice of India administers the oath of office to the President of India.
Explanation:
- The President of India is the head of state and the first citizen of India.
- The oath of office is administered to the President as per Article 60 of the Indian Constitution.
- The Chief Justice of India, being the highest-ranking judicial officer in the country, is entrusted with the responsibility of administering the oath.
- The Chief Justice of India conducts the swearing-in ceremony of the President-elect in the presence of dignitaries and government officials.
- During the ceremony, the President-elect repeats the oath of office as read out by the Chief Justice of India.
- The oath signifies the President's commitment to uphold the Constitution and fulfill the duties of the office faithfully.
- The Chief Justice of India's presence in the ceremony highlights the importance of the judiciary in upholding the democratic principles of the country.
Therefore, it is the Chief Justice of India who administers the oath of office to the President of India.

The Chief Justice of India administers the oath of office to the President of India.
The oath of office is a formal declaration taken by the President of India before assuming the responsibilities of the office. It signifies the President's commitment to uphold the Constitution and fulfill their duties faithfully. The Chief Justice of India, being the head of the judiciary, plays a crucial role in administering this oath.
Here are some key points to consider:
1. Role of the Chief Justice: The Chief Justice of India is the highest-ranking judicial officer in the country. They are responsible for the administration of justice and play a pivotal role in upholding the Constitution.
2. Administering the oath: The Chief Justice of India administers the oath of office to the President of India during the swearing-in ceremony. This ceremony takes place in the presence of dignitaries, including the Prime Minister, Members of Parliament, and other important officials.
3. Importance of the oath: The oath of office is a solemn promise made by the President to carry out their duties with integrity, impartiality, and dedication. It serves as a constitutional reminder of the President's role as the head of the nation and the protector of the Constitution.
4. Content of the oath: The exact wording of the oath may vary slightly, but it generally includes a pledge to uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India, to faithfully execute the duties of the office, and to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution and the law.
5. Symbolic significance: The oath-taking ceremony is a symbolic event that marks the formal beginning of a new President's term. It represents the peaceful transfer of power and the continuity of democratic governance in India.
In conclusion, the Chief Justice of India administers the oath of office to the President of India. This ceremony holds great constitutional and symbolic significance, reaffirming the President's commitment to uphold the Constitution and serve the nation.

The capital city that houses the headquarters of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is Kathmandu.
- The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an intergovernmental organization comprising eight member countries in South Asia.
- SAARC was established on December 8, 1985, with the signing of the SAARC Charter by the heads of state or government of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
- The headquarters of SAARC is located in Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal.
- Kathmandu is situated in the central part of Nepal and is known for its rich history, cultural heritage, and breathtaking natural beauty.
- The city serves as a major economic, political, and cultural hub in Nepal.
- SAARC serves as a platform for regional cooperation, addressing the common challenges faced by the South Asian countries and promoting mutual understanding, peace, stability, and economic development in the region.
- The organization focuses on various areas of cooperation, including agriculture, trade, investment, energy, connectivity, tourism, culture, and people-to-people exchanges.
- SAARC holds regular summits, ministerial meetings, and technical committee meetings to discuss and coordinate efforts on regional issues.
- The headquarters in Kathmandu serves as the administrative center for SAARC's activities and provides a platform for member countries to collaborate and enhance regional cooperation.
- The headquarters building in Kathmandu is a symbol of the collective aspirations and commitments of the member countries towards regional integration and development.
Overall, Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, plays a crucial role in facilitating the operations and activities of SAARC, promoting regional cooperation and integration among the member countries of South Asia.

Zend Avesta is the holy book of Zoroastrianism
- Zoroastrianism is an ancient religion that originated in ancient Persia (modern-day Iran) and is one of the world's oldest known religions.
- The holy book of Zoroastrianism is called the Zend Avesta.
- The Zend Avesta is a collection of sacred texts that contain the teachings and scriptures of the prophet Zoroaster (also known as Zarathustra).
- It is written in the Avestan language, which is an ancient Iranian language.
- The Zend Avesta is divided into several sections, including the Yasna, Visperad, Vendidad, and Khorda Avesta.
- The Yasna is the central and most important section of the Zend Avesta, containing hymns and prayers for religious rituals and ceremonies.
- The Visperad is a collection of additional prayers and rituals to be performed alongside the Yasna.
- The Vendidad contains laws and regulations for moral and ethical conduct.
- The Khorda Avesta is a smaller collection of prayers and texts that are often used for personal and daily worship.
- The Zend Avesta is considered the authoritative scripture of Zoroastrianism and is revered by its followers as a guide for religious and ethical living.
- It contains teachings on monotheism, the struggle between good and evil, the importance of truth and righteousness, and the ultimate triumph of good over evil.
Overall, the Zend Avesta holds a central place in the religious beliefs and practices of Zoroastrians, serving as their holy book and source of spiritual guidance.

Before Hyderabad, which city was the capital of Andhra Pradesh (erstwhile Andhra State)?
The answer is Kurnool.
Explanation:
- Andhra Pradesh is a state in southern India, bordered by Telangana to the north and northeast, Karnataka to the west, and Tamil Nadu to the south.
- Before Hyderabad became the capital of Andhra Pradesh, the capital of the erstwhile Andhra State was Kurnool.
- Kurnool is a city located on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh.
- It served as the capital of Andhra State from 1953 to 1956.
- In 1956, Andhra State was merged with Telangana to form Andhra Pradesh, and Hyderabad was chosen as the capital city.
- Kurnool is still an important city in Andhra Pradesh and has historical significance.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: Kurnool.

First Indian to win boy's Wimbledon Singles title in 1954:
- The first Indian to win the boy's Wimbledon Singles title in 1954 was Ramanathan Krishnan.
- Ramanathan Krishnan was born on 11 April 1937 in Chennai, India.
- He is considered one of the greatest tennis players from India and was a pioneer in Indian tennis.
- In 1954, at the age of 17, Ramanathan Krishnan won the Wimbledon Junior title, becoming the first Indian to achieve this feat.
- He displayed exceptional skill and talent in his matches and was known for his elegant style of play.
- Ramanathan Krishnan went on to have a successful career in tennis, reaching the semifinals of the Wimbledon Men's Singles in 1960 and 1961.
- He also represented India in numerous Davis Cup matches and was a key player in India's Davis Cup team during the 1960s.
- Ramanathan Krishnan's achievements paved the way for future Indian tennis players and inspired a generation of players in the country.
- His son, Ramesh Krishnan, also followed in his footsteps and had a successful career in tennis.

First Tide (Ocean Wave) Generated Electricity Project in Kerala, India
The first tide (ocean wave) generated electricity project in India was established in Vizhinjam, Kerala.
Explanation:
- Vizhinjam, a coastal town in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala, was chosen as the location for the first tide generated electricity project in India.
- The project aimed to harness the energy from ocean waves and convert it into electricity, thereby utilizing a renewable source of energy.
- The project involved the installation of wave energy converters, which are devices that capture the kinetic energy from ocean waves and convert it into electrical energy.
- The wave energy converters were deployed offshore in Vizhinjam, where the ocean waves are strong and consistent.
- The generated electricity was then transmitted to the mainland for distribution and use.
- The project not only provided a clean and sustainable source of electricity but also helped in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels.
- The successful implementation of the project in Vizhinjam paved the way for further exploration and utilization of wave energy in India.

Background:
The Panchsheel Agreement, also known as the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, was signed between India and China in 1954. It aimed to establish and maintain friendly relations between the two countries and promote peaceful coexistence.
Answer:
Indian PM Jawaharlal Nehru signed the Panchsheel Pact with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in 1954.
Explanation:
The Panchsheel Agreement was based on the following five principles:
1. Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty: Both countries agreed to respect each other's borders and not interfere in each other's internal affairs.
2. Mutual non-aggression: India and China pledged not to use force or threaten each other with aggression.
3. Mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs: Both countries agreed not to interfere in each other's domestic matters.
4. Equality and mutual benefit: The agreement emphasized equality and mutual benefit in their bilateral relations.
5. Peaceful coexistence: The two nations committed to resolving their differences peacefully through dialogue and negotiation.
Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai played a crucial role in negotiating and signing the Panchsheel Agreement with Indian PM Jawaharlal Nehru. The agreement was seen as a significant step towards establishing peaceful relations between the two neighboring countries. However, tensions between India and China escalated in the following years, leading to conflicts and disputes. Nevertheless, the Panchsheel Agreement remains an important milestone in the history of India-China relations.

Rajatarangini - A Historical Chronicle of Kashmir
The author of the historical chronicle 'Rajatarangini' is Kalhana.
Explanation:
- The 'Rajatarangini' is a historical chronicle of the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit.
- It was composed by Kalhana, who was a Kashmiri historian and poet.
- Kalhana lived during the 12th century CE and belonged to a Brahmin family.
- The 'Rajatarangini' is considered one of the most important sources of information for the history of Kashmir.
- It covers the history of Kashmir from ancient times to the 12th century CE.
- The work is divided into eight books or Tarangas, each covering a specific period.
- The 'Rajatarangini' is known for its poetic style and vivid descriptions of historical events.
- It provides valuable insights into the political, social, and cultural aspects of Kashmiri society during different periods.
In Summary:
The 'Rajatarangini' is a historical chronicle of Kashmir authored by Kalhana, a Kashmiri historian and poet. It is divided into eight books and provides valuable insights into the history of Kashmir from ancient times to the 12th century CE.

The Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is India's highest military decoration awarded for acts of valor during wartime. The design of the Param Vir Chakra medal is as follows:
Design of the Param Vir Chakra Medal:
- The medal is circular in shape and made of bronze.
- On the obverse side of the medal, the State emblem of India is embossed in the center.
- The emblem consists of the Lion Capital of Ashoka, along with the words "Param Vir Chakra" inscribed in Hindi and English.
- The medal is suspended by a straight bar suspender.
- On the reverse side of the medal, the words "Param Vir Chakra" are embossed both in Hindi and English.
About the Designer:
- The designer of the Param Vir Chakra medal is Savitri Khanolkar, also known as "Savithri Bai Khanolkar."
- She was born on March 4, 1929, in Maharashtra, India, and was married to Major General VK Khanolkar, a recipient of the Param Vir Chakra.
- Savitri Khanolkar designed the medal in consultation with her husband and her son, Colonel Vikram Khanolkar, who was also a recipient of the Param Vir Chakra.
- She designed the medal in 1962, and it was first awarded in 1965.
Significance of the Design:
- The design of the Param Vir Chakra medal reflects the pride and valor associated with the highest military award in India.
- The State emblem of India represents the sovereignty and strength of the nation.
- The words "Param Vir Chakra" symbolize the extraordinary bravery and sacrifice exhibited by the recipients of the medal.
Conclusion:
- Savitri Khanolkar, the wife of a Param Vir Chakra recipient, designed the Param Vir Chakra medal, India's highest military award.
- The medal's design includes the State emblem of India and the words "Param Vir Chakra" in Hindi and English.
- Savitri Khanolkar's design beautifully captures the spirit of valor and sacrifice associated with the medal.

The director of 'Raja Harishchandra' (1913)
- Ardeshir Irani
- Dadasaheb Phalke
- V. Shantaram
- Sohrab Modi
Answer: B. Dadasaheb Phalke
Detailed
The first totally indigenous Indian feature film, 'Raja Harishchandra' (1913), was directed by Dadasaheb Phalke. Here is a detailed explanation of the options:
A. Ardeshir Irani
- Ardeshir Irani was a prominent Indian filmmaker, but he did not direct 'Raja Harishchandra'. He is known for his contribution to the Indian film industry, including the first Indian talkie film 'Alam Ara' (1931).
B. Dadasaheb Phalke
- Dadasaheb Phalke is widely regarded as the father of Indian cinema. He directed and produced 'Raja Harishchandra', which is considered the first feature film in Indian cinema. Phalke's pioneering work laid the foundation for the Indian film industry.
C. V. Shantaram
- V. Shantaram was a renowned Indian filmmaker who made significant contributions to Indian cinema. However, he did not direct 'Raja Harishchandra'. Shantaram is known for films like 'Do Aankhen Barah Haath' (1957) and 'Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje' (1955).
D. Sohrab Modi
- Sohrab Modi was a prominent actor, director, and producer in the Indian film industry. However, he was not associated with 'Raja Harishchandra'. Modi is known for films like 'Sikandar' (1941) and 'Pukar' (1939).
In conclusion, Dadasaheb Phalke directed the first totally indigenous Indian feature film, 'Raja Harishchandra' (1913).

Ex-Officio Chairman of the Planning Commission of India
The ex-officio chairman of the Planning Commission of India is the Prime Minister.
Explanation:

• The Planning Commission of India was a government body that was responsible for formulating five-year plans and assessing the progress of various developmental programs in the country.


• The ex-officio chairman of the Planning Commission was the head of the commission and held significant decision-making powers.


• The Prime Minister of India, by virtue of their position, automatically becomes the ex-officio chairman of the Planning Commission.


• This arrangement ensures that the highest-ranking political authority in the country is directly involved in the planning and execution of developmental policies and programs.


• The Prime Minister's role as the ex-officio chairman allows them to provide guidance, set priorities, and coordinate efforts to achieve the goals outlined in the five-year plans.


• By having the Prime Minister as the ex-officio chairman, the Planning Commission is able to align its activities with the government's overall vision and policies.


• This arrangement also ensures a close relationship between planning and policymaking in the country.

Therefore, the correct answer is B: Prime Minister.

The name of India's longest river bridge, built over the river Ganga at Patna, is the Mahatma Gandhi Setu.
Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:
Overview:
The Mahatma Gandhi Setu is a bridge that connects the city of Patna in Bihar to Hajipur in Uttar Pradesh. It spans across the holy river Ganga and holds the distinction of being the longest river bridge in India.
Key Points:
- Length: The bridge is approximately 5.75 kilometers long, making it the longest river bridge in India.
- Construction: The construction of the Mahatma Gandhi Setu began in 1972 and was completed in 1982. It was built by Gammon India Limited, a leading construction company in India.
- Purpose: The bridge was built to improve connectivity between Patna and Hajipur, reducing travel time and easing traffic congestion.
- Design: The bridge is a cable-stayed bridge, supported by pillars and cables. It has 45 spans, with each span measuring 121 meters. The design allows for smooth vehicular movement and can accommodate both road and rail traffic.
- Importance: The Mahatma Gandhi Setu is a vital transportation link, serving as a crucial route for both passenger and freight traffic. It has significantly contributed to the economic development and social integration of the region.
- Maintenance: Over the years, the bridge has undergone regular maintenance and repair work to ensure its structural integrity. It is periodically inspected to address any maintenance issues and ensure the safety of commuters.
Conclusion:
The Mahatma Gandhi Setu is India's longest river bridge, built over the river Ganga at Patna. It has played a significant role in improving connectivity and facilitating the movement of people and goods between Patna and Hajipur.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj, initially known as Brahmo Sabha, in 1828.
The Brahmo Samaj is a socio-religious reform movement in India that aimed to promote monotheism and eradicate social evils. Raja Ram Mohan Roy played a crucial role in its establishment and development. Here are some key points about Raja Ram Mohan Roy and the Brahmo Samaj:
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy:
- He was a prominent social reformer and intellectual in 19th-century India.
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy advocated for various social and religious reforms, including the abolition of sati (the practice of widows self-immolating on their husband's funeral pyre), promoting women's education, and fighting against caste discrimination.
- He was a staunch advocate of rationalism, modern education, and the spread of Western knowledge.
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a believer in the unity of all religions and sought to combine the best aspects of different faiths.

- Establishment of Brahmo Samaj:
- In 1828, Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Sabha, which later became known as the Brahmo Samaj.
- The Brahmo Sabha aimed to reform Hindu society by emphasizing monotheism, rejecting idol worship, and promoting rationality and moral values.
- It advocated for the worship of the Supreme Being, focusing on ethical conduct rather than rituals and superstitions.
- The Brahmo Samaj became a major force in the religious and social reform movements of the time, attracting intellectuals and progressive thinkers.

- Contributions and Legacy:
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy's efforts through the Brahmo Samaj laid the foundation for social and religious reform in India.
- His advocacy for women's rights and education paved the way for future movements and initiatives in the country.
- The Brahmo Samaj continues to exist today, with its principles and teachings influencing various aspects of Indian society.
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy is widely regarded as one of the key figures in India's modern history and is often referred to as the "Father of the Indian Renaissance."
Overall, Raja Ram Mohan Roy's establishment of the Brahmo Samaj in 1828 played a pivotal role in initiating social and religious reforms in India. His ideas and contributions continue to inspire generations and shape the country's intellectual and cultural landscape.

'Tamasha' is the popular folk theatre of Maharashtra.
Explanation:
- 'Tamasha' is a traditional form of folk theatre that originated in the state of Maharashtra, India.
- It is known for its vibrant and lively performances that combine elements of music, dance, and drama.
- The word 'Tamasha' literally means 'spectacle' or 'entertainment' in Marathi, the language of Maharashtra.
- Tamasha plays are usually performed in open-air theatres or temporary stages set up in villages and towns.
- The performances often include colorful costumes, traditional music instruments like dholki and harmonium, and energetic dance movements.
- The themes of Tamasha plays vary from social issues and folk tales to mythological stories and historical events.
- The artists who perform Tamasha are called 'Tamasha artists' or 'Tamasha performers'.
- Over the years, Tamasha has gained popularity not only in Maharashtra but also among audiences from different parts of India and even internationally.
- Tamasha is recognized as an important cultural heritage of Maharashtra and efforts are being made to preserve and promote this art form.
Answer: B - Maharashtra

Location of Central Rice Research Institute:
The Central Rice Research Institute is located in Cuttack, which is in the state of Odisha in India.
About Central Rice Research Institute:
- The Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI) is one of the premier research institutes in India dedicated to rice research and development.
- It was established in 1946 and is one of the oldest research institutes in the country.
- The institute is under the administrative control of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
- The main objective of CRRI is to conduct research on various aspects of rice cultivation, including breeding, agronomy, plant pathology, entomology, and soil science.
- The institute also focuses on developing improved rice varieties, technologies, and cultivation practices to enhance the productivity and sustainability of rice production.
- CRRI has made significant contributions to the development of high-yielding and disease-resistant rice varieties, which have played a crucial role in increasing rice production in India.
Significance of CRRI:
- The research conducted at CRRI has helped in increasing the overall rice production and productivity in India.
- The institute has played a key role in developing and popularizing improved rice varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases, tolerant to environmental stresses, and have better grain quality.
- CRRI's research findings and technologies have been widely adopted by rice farmers across the country, leading to improved yields and income.
- The institute also collaborates with national and international research organizations to exchange knowledge and expertise in rice research.
Conclusion:
The Central Rice Research Institute is located in Cuttack, Odisha, and is a renowned research institute dedicated to rice research and development. Its contributions have been instrumental in improving rice production and enhancing the livelihoods of rice farmers in India.

Guru Gobind Singh and the Creation of Khalsa
The Place where Khalsa was created: Anandpur (Punjab)
Explanation:
- Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth and the last Guru of Sikhs, created the Khalsa in 1699 at Anandpur, which is located in Punjab, India.
- The creation of Khalsa was a significant event in Sikh history and marked the formation of a distinct community of Sikhs.
- Guru Gobind Singh initiated the Khalsa by baptizing five Sikhs known as the Panj Pyare (Five Beloved Ones) and then receiving baptism from them himself.
- The creation of Khalsa involved the initiation ceremony known as Amrit Sanchar, where Sikhs were required to undergo a ritual of drinking Amrit (sweetened water) and taking the vows of the Khalsa.
- Guru Gobind Singh introduced the five Ks, which are the physical symbols of a Sikh and include Kesh (uncut hair), Kangha (a wooden comb), Kara (a steel bracelet), Kachera (cotton undergarments), and Kirpan (a ceremonial sword).
- The Khalsa was established to uphold the principles of Sikhism, defend the rights of the oppressed, and promote equality and justice.
- The creation of Khalsa played a crucial role in shaping Sikh identity and establishing a sense of unity among Sikhs.
- Today, the Khalsa is an integral part of Sikhism and serves as a symbol of Sikh pride and commitment to the Sikh way of life.

The first woman Air Marshal of the Indian Air Force (IAF) is Padmavathy Bandopadhyay.
Explanation:
Padmavathy Bandopadhyay is a retired Indian Air Force officer who became the first woman Air Marshal of the Indian Air Force (IAF). Here are some key details about her:
- Padmavathy Bandopadhyay joined the Indian Air Force in 1968 as a Short Service Commissioned Officer.
- She specialized in the field of aeronautical engineering and became the first woman officer to receive a Ph.D. in this field.
- Throughout her career, she served in various important positions in the IAF, including the Director of the Air Force Academy and the Commandant of the National Defence Academy.
- In 2002, she made history by becoming the first woman Air Marshal, which is the second-highest rank in the Indian Air Force.
- As an Air Marshal, Padmavathy Bandopadhyay contributed significantly to the development and modernization of the Indian Air Force.
Conclusion:
Padmavathy Bandopadhyay holds the distinction of being the first woman Air Marshal of the Indian Air Force (IAF). Her achievements have paved the way for more women to pursue careers in the Indian Armed Forces and have inspired countless individuals.

The boundary line demarcating India and China is known as the McMahon Line.
The McMahon Line is a boundary line between the northeastern region of India and the Tibet region of China. It was named after Sir Henry McMahon, the British foreign secretary who proposed the line in the early 20th century.
Key points about the McMahon Line:
- The McMahon Line serves as the de facto boundary between the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh and the Chinese-controlled region of Tibet.
- It was drawn during the Simla Conference of 1914 between British India and Tibet, with representatives from both sides present.
- The line was proposed by the British as a result of negotiations between the British and Tibetan representatives, but it was not officially agreed upon by China.
- China claims that the McMahon Line is illegal and refuses to recognize it as the boundary between the two countries.
- The dispute over the McMahon Line has been a major source of tension between India and China and has led to a number of military conflicts in the past.
- To this day, the boundary issue remains unresolved, and both countries continue to assert their claims over the disputed region.
Conclusion:
The boundary line demarcating India and China is known as the McMahon Line. It was proposed by the British during the Simla Conference of 1914 but has not been officially recognized by China. The dispute over the McMahon Line continues to be a contentious issue between the two countries.

Answer:

The billiards player who became the first Indian to win an individual world title in any sport in 1958 was Wilson Jones.

Explanation:

Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:

• Wilson Jones: He was an Indian billiards player who won the World Amateur Billiards Championship in 1958, becoming the first Indian to win an individual world title in any sport.


• Michael Ferreira: While Michael Ferreira is a renowned Indian billiards player, he did not win the individual world title in 1958. He won the World Amateur Billiards Championship in 1977 and 1983.


• Geet Sethi: Geet Sethi is another well-known Indian billiards player, but he did not win the individual world title in 1958. He won the World Amateur Billiards Championship in 1992, 1993, 1995, 1998, and 2006.


• Manoj Kothari: Manoj Kothari is also an accomplished Indian billiards player, but he did not win the individual world title in 1958. He has won several national and international titles throughout his career.

Therefore, the correct answer is A: Wilson Jones.

The gas used to disinfect water in swimming pools is Chlorine.
Chlorine is the most commonly used disinfectant in swimming pools to kill bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. It helps to maintain the cleanliness and safety of the water.
Some key points to note about the use of chlorine in swimming pools are:
1. Disinfectant properties: Chlorine is a powerful disinfectant that effectively kills harmful microorganisms in the water. It can destroy bacteria, viruses, and algae that can cause infections and illnesses.
2. Chlorine compounds: Chlorine is typically used in the form of chlorine compounds such as calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, or chlorine gas. These compounds release chlorine into the water, providing a continuous disinfection effect.
3. Chlorine dosing: The amount of chlorine needed to disinfect a swimming pool depends on various factors such as the pool size, water temperature, and usage. It is important to maintain the chlorine levels within the recommended range to ensure effective disinfection.
4. Chlorine byproducts: When chlorine reacts with organic matter in the water, it can form disinfection byproducts (DBPs) such as chloramines. Chloramines can cause eye and skin irritation and have a strong odor. Regular monitoring and maintenance of chlorine levels can help minimize the formation of DBPs.
5. Chlorine safety: While chlorine is effective in disinfecting swimming pool water, it should be used with caution. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for handling and dosing chlorine products. Overexposure to chlorine can be harmful and may cause respiratory or skin irritation.
In conclusion, chlorine gas is used to disinfect water in swimming pools due to its powerful disinfectant properties. It helps to eliminate harmful microorganisms and maintain the cleanliness and safety of the pool water.