Knowledge Package - 3 - SSC CHSL MCQ

Van Diemen's Land:
- Van Diemen's Land was the former name of the Australian state of Tasmania.
- It was named after the Dutch explorer, Abel Tasman, who was the first European to sight the island in 1642.
- The name "Van Diemen's Land" was used from 1803 to 1856, when it was officially changed to Tasmania.
- The island was originally settled as a British penal colony in 1803, and the name Van Diemen's Land was associated with its convict history.
- The name change to Tasmania was part of a broader rebranding effort to distance the state from its convict past and honor its natural beauty and cultural heritage.
Tasmania:
- Tasmania is an island state located off the southeast coast of mainland Australia.
- It is the 26th-largest island in the world and has a population of around 540,000 people.
- The state is known for its stunning landscapes, including national parks, rugged mountains, and beautiful coastlines.
- It is a popular destination for outdoor activities such as hiking, wildlife spotting, and exploring historical sites.
- Tasmania is also renowned for its unique wildlife, including the Tasmanian devil, which is found only on the island.
- The capital city of Tasmania is Hobart, which is the second oldest capital city in Australia.
- The state has a rich cultural heritage, with a blend of indigenous, convict, and immigrant influences.
Conclusion:
- The Australian state that was formerly known as Van Diemen's Land is Tasmania.
- The name change from Van Diemen's Land to Tasmania occurred in 1856.
- Tasmania is known for its natural beauty, wildlife, and rich cultural heritage.

Answer:
Introduction:
The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of the Parliament of India. It represents the states and union territories of India. While most of the members are elected by the legislative assemblies of the states and union territories, some members are nominated by the President of India.
Number of members nominated by President:
The President of India has the power to nominate 12 members to the Rajya Sabha. These members are chosen from various fields, including literature, science, art, and social service. The aim of nominating these members is to ensure that the Rajya Sabha represents a diverse range of interests and expertise.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the President of India nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha. These members play an important role in bringing a diverse range of perspectives and expertise to the upper house of the Parliament.

The chief advisor of Chankyawas was Chandragupta Maurya. Here is a detailed explanation:
Chankyawas:
- Chankyawas was the chief advisor of a ruler in ancient India.
- He played a crucial role in the administration and decision-making of the ruler.
Ruler:
- The ruler that Chankyawas advised was Chandragupta Maurya.
- Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India.
- He ruled from 322 BCE to 298 BCE.
Chandragupta Maurya:
- Chandragupta Maurya was a skilled military strategist and an efficient ruler.
- With the guidance of Chankyawas, he established a vast empire that stretched across most of the Indian subcontinent.
- He was known for his efficient administrative system and his focus on welfare policies for his subjects.
Importance of Chankyawas:
- Chankyawas served as Chandragupta Maurya's chief advisor and provided valuable guidance and counsel.
- He played a crucial role in the formulation of policies, decision-making, and overall governance of the Maurya Empire.
- Chankyawas' expertise and wisdom contributed to the success and prosperity of the empire.
In conclusion, Chankyawas was the chief advisor of Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Maurya Empire. He played a significant role in the administration and decision-making of the empire, contributing to its success and prosperity.

The direction of rotation of the Earth on its axis is:
- West to East
Explanation:
- The Earth rotates on its axis from west to east, which is also known as counterclockwise or anticlockwise rotation.
- This rotation is responsible for the rising and setting of the sun, the changes in daylight and darkness, and the rotation of celestial objects in the sky.
- The direction of rotation can be visualized as if you are standing at the North Pole and looking down at the Earth, the rotation would appear to be counterclockwise.
- This rotation gives us the phenomenon of day and night, as different parts of the Earth are exposed to sunlight or in shadow.
- The Earth completes one rotation on its axis in approximately 24 hours, resulting in a day and night cycle.
- The direction of rotation of the Earth is consistent and has been observed for thousands of years.
- It is important to note that the direction of rotation is relative to an observer on Earth and does not have a fixed reference point in space.

Introduction:

In the field of computers and digital systems, data and information are represented in binary format using bits and bytes. A bit is the basic unit of information in computing, and a byte is a unit of storage that consists of 8 bits.
Explanation:

To understand the relationship between bytes and bits, we need to know the following:
- A bit is the smallest unit of data in a computer system, and it can have a value of either 0 or 1.
- A byte consists of 8 bits and is commonly used to represent a single character or a small amount of data.
Answer:

In computers, one byte is equal to 8 bits.
Reasoning:

- The prefix "kilo" in the context of computer storage refers to 1024 (2^10) rather than 1000 (10^3) due to the binary nature of digital systems.
- Similarly, when we talk about kilobytes (KB), we are referring to 1024 bytes.
- In this binary system, a byte consists of 8 bits, so one byte is equal to 8 bits.
- This relationship is consistent across all digital systems and is a fundamental concept in computer science and information technology.
Summary:

- In computers, one byte is equal to 8 bits.
- A bit is the smallest unit of data, and a byte consists of 8 bits.
- This relationship is essential for understanding computer storage and data representation.

Answer:
The highest civilian award in India is the Bharat Ratna.
Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Introduction: The Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award in India. It is awarded to individuals who have made exceptional contributions in various fields such as art, literature, science, public service, and social work.
2. Significance: The Bharat Ratna is a prestigious recognition given by the Government of India. It is considered a mark of highest honor and is given to individuals who have achieved greatness in their respective fields.
3. Criteria: The award is given based on the following criteria:
- The recipient should have made outstanding contributions in their field of work.
- The contributions should be of exceptional nature and should have a lasting impact on society.
- The award is not given as a matter of routine and is conferred only on deserving individuals.
4. Selection Process: The award is conferred by the President of India. A recommendation for the award is made by the Prime Minister to the President. The final decision is made by the President after consultation with the Prime Minister.
5. Recognition: The Bharat Ratna is recognized as a mark of excellence and is highly respected in India. Recipients of the award are considered national heroes and are admired for their contributions to the country.
6. Previous Recipients: Some of the notable recipients of the Bharat Ratna include Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Mother Teresa, Sachin Tendulkar, and A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.
7. Conclusion: The Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award in India and is a symbol of recognition for exceptional contributions to society. It is awarded to individuals who have achieved greatness in their respective fields and have made a lasting impact on the nation.

The First Battle of Panipat and Babar's Victory
Background:
The First Battle of Panipat was fought on April 21, 1526, between the forces of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, and Ibrahim Lodhi, the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. This battle marked the beginning of the Mughal rule in India.
Babar's Victory:
In the battle, Babur and his army emerged victorious, defeating Ibrahim Lodhi and his forces. Babur's victory was significant for several reasons:
- Babur's military tactics: Babur deployed his forces in a strategic manner, utilizing artillery and firearms effectively, which gave him an advantage over Ibrahim Lodhi's army.
- Superior weaponry: Babur's army had access to superior weaponry, including matchlock muskets and cannons, which played a crucial role in their victory.
- Loyalty of allies: Babur had formed alliances with several Rajput chiefs, who provided him with additional troops and support during the battle.
- Leadership and discipline: Babur's leadership skills and the discipline of his troops were instrumental in their success. He effectively coordinated his forces and maintained their morale throughout the battle.
Establishment of Mughal Rule:
Following his victory at the First Battle of Panipat, Babur went on to establish the Mughal Empire in India. This marked the beginning of a new era in Indian history, as the Mughals would go on to rule large parts of the Indian subcontinent for several centuries.
Conclusion:
The First Battle of Panipat was a significant turning point in Indian history. Babur's victory over Ibrahim Lodhi paved the way for the establishment of the Mughal Empire in India, which would have a profound impact on the region's culture, politics, and society.

The largest animal in the world is the Blue Whale.
Some key points to support this answer include:
- Size: Blue whales are the largest animals on Earth, reaching lengths of up to 98 feet (30 meters) and weighing around 200 tons.
- Habitat: Blue whales are found in all oceans around the world, except for the Arctic. They are known for their long migrations, traveling thousands of miles each year.
- Diet: Blue whales are filter feeders, primarily feeding on small shrimp-like animals called krill. They consume massive amounts of krill, estimated to be around 4 tons per day during the feeding season.
- Conservation status: Blue whales were once heavily hunted for their blubber and baleen, leading to a significant decline in their population. They are now listed as endangered, and efforts are being made to protect them and their habitats.
- Vocalizations: Blue whales produce a variety of vocalizations, including low-frequency moans and deep pulses. These sounds can travel for long distances and are thought to be used for communication and mating purposes.
- Physical features: Blue whales have a streamlined body shape, with a long, slender body and a large, broad tail called a fluke. They have a mottled blue-gray coloration, with lighter patches on their undersides.
- Lifespan: The average lifespan of a blue whale is estimated to be around 70 to 90 years, although some individuals may live longer.
Overall, the blue whale's immense size and unique characteristics make it the largest animal in the world. Its conservation status highlights the importance of protecting these magnificent creatures and their fragile marine ecosystems.

Explanation:
An equilateral triangle is a special type of triangle in which all three sides are equal in length. Therefore, in an equilateral triangle:
- All sides are equal: This means that each side of the triangle has the same length.
- All angles are equal: Since an equilateral triangle has three equal sides, it also has three equal angles. Each angle in an equilateral triangle measures 60 degrees.
- It has symmetry: The equilateral triangle has rotational symmetry of order 3, which means that it can be rotated by 120 degrees and 240 degrees and still look the same.
Therefore, in an equilateral triangle, all sides are equal. Answer choice B is correct.

The first indigenously developed Super Computer of India is called Param.
Explanation:
- Param is the name of the first supercomputer developed indigenously in India.
- It was developed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) in Pune, Maharashtra.
- Param was unveiled in 1991 and was built using parallel processing technology.
- The supercomputer was designed to perform high-speed calculations and solve complex scientific and engineering problems.
- Param played a significant role in advancing research and development in various fields, including weather forecasting, aerospace, and molecular modeling.
- Over the years, multiple versions and upgrades of Param have been developed to keep up with technological advancements.
- Today, India has several supercomputers, but Param holds the distinction of being the first indigenous supercomputer.
- The development of Param marked a milestone in India's efforts to become self-reliant in high-performance computing technology.
- It paved the way for further advancements in the field and established India as a significant player in the supercomputing domain.

First Indian Tennis Player to Win Boy's Australian Open Junior Title
The first Indian tennis player to win the Boy's Australian Open Junior Title is Yuki Bhambri.
Explanation:
- Yuki Bhambri is an Indian professional tennis player who achieved success at a young age.
- In 2009, Yuki Bhambri won the Boy's Australian Open Junior Title, becoming the first Indian tennis player to achieve this feat.
- This victory showcased Yuki Bhambri's talent and potential as a young tennis player.
- Yuki Bhambri's win at the Boy's Australian Open Junior Title was a significant milestone for Indian tennis, as it highlighted the growing talent and potential in the country.
- Yuki Bhambri's success in the junior category served as a stepping stone for his professional career, where he has continued to represent India at various international tournaments.
- Yuki Bhambri's achievement has inspired many young Indian tennis players and has contributed to the growth and development of tennis in the country.

The Colour in the Centre of the Rainbow is Green
Explanation:
- The rainbow is a natural phenomenon that occurs when sunlight is refracted, or bent, as it passes through water droplets in the air.
- When sunlight is refracted, it separates into different colors, forming a circular arc of colors in the sky.
- The order of colors in a rainbow, from the innermost to the outermost, is red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.
- The color at the center of the rainbow is green.
- This is because the light from the sun is scattered and refracted at different angles by the water droplets, with the shortest wavelengths (blue and violet) being bent the most and the longest wavelengths (red and orange) being bent the least.
- As a result, the green color falls in the center of the spectrum.
- The intensity of the colors gradually changes from the innermost to the outermost, with red being the brightest and violet being the faintest.
Conclusion:
- The color in the center of the rainbow is green.

The smallest state in India in terms of area is Goa.
Explanation:
- Goa is the smallest state in India in terms of area, covering an area of approximately 3,702 square kilometers.
- It is located on the western coast of India, bordered by Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the east and south.
- Goa is known for its beautiful beaches, vibrant nightlife, and Portuguese colonial architecture.
- Despite its small size, Goa attracts a significant number of tourists every year due to its scenic beauty and cultural heritage.
- The state is divided into two districts, North Goa and South Goa, with the capital city being Panaji.
- Goa has a rich history and was a Portuguese colony until it was annexed by India in 1961.
- It is also known for its diverse cuisine, which is a blend of Indian and Portuguese flavors.
- The state has a relatively high literacy rate and is known for its quality education system.
- Goa is well-connected by air, rail, and road, making it easily accessible for travelers.
- In addition to its beaches, Goa offers various attractions such as wildlife sanctuaries, churches, and temples.
- The state is also famous for hosting numerous festivals and events throughout the year, showcasing its vibrant culture and traditions.

Chairman of the Planning Commission:
The Chairman of the Planning Commission is an important position in the government of India. Here is some information about the Chairman and the Planning Commission:
1. Role of the Planning Commission:
- The Planning Commission is responsible for formulating and implementing India's Five-Year Plans.
- It assesses the resources available and formulates strategies for economic and social development in the country.
- The Commission also coordinates with different ministries and departments to ensure effective implementation of policies and programs.
2. Prime Minister as the Chairman:
- The Chairman of the Planning Commission is usually the Prime Minister of India.
- As the head of the government, the Prime Minister takes on this role to supervise and guide the planning process.
- The Prime Minister's involvement ensures that the national development agenda is aligned with the government's priorities and vision.
3. Other Members of the Planning Commission:
- The Planning Commission consists of a Deputy Chairman and other members, including representatives from various ministries and experts from different fields.
- The Deputy Chairman assists the Chairman in fulfilling the responsibilities of the Commission.
- The other members provide their expertise and inputs in the planning process.
4. Recent Changes:
- In 2014, the Planning Commission was replaced by the NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India).
- The NITI Aayog functions as a policy think tank and does not have the same hierarchical structure as the Planning Commission.
- The Chairman of the NITI Aayog is also the Prime Minister.
In conclusion, the Chairman of the Planning Commission in the government of India is typically the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister's involvement ensures effective planning and coordination for the country's economic and social development.

Author of Sanskrit epic Ramayana:
- Valmiki is the author of the Sanskrit epic Ramayana.
- Ramayana is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient Indian literature, the other being the Mahabharata.
- Valmiki is considered the Adi Kavi or the first poet in Sanskrit literature.
- He is revered as the author of Ramayana, which tells the story of Lord Rama, his wife Sita, and their adventures.
- The epic is divided into seven books, known as Kandas, and consists of about 24,000 verses.
- Ramayana is not only a religious scripture but also a cultural and literary masterpiece.
- It has been translated into numerous languages and has had a profound influence on various art forms, including music, dance, and theater.
- Valmiki's Ramayana is known for its moral teachings, including the importance of righteousness, duty, and devotion.
- The epic portrays the ideals of ideal kingship, family values, and the triumph of good over evil.
- Valmiki's Ramayana has been widely read and cherished for centuries and continues to be a significant part of Indian mythology and literature.

First Indian Woman to Win Olympic Medal:
- The first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal is Karnam Malleshwari.
- Karnam Malleshwari is an Indian weightlifter who won a bronze medal at the 2000 Sydney Olympics.
- She competed in the women's 69 kg weightlifting category and lifted a total of 240 kg (110 kg in snatch and 130 kg in clean and jerk).
- With this achievement, Karnam Malleshwari became the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal.
- She brought glory to the nation and inspired many young athletes in India.
- Karnam Malleshwari hails from Andhra Pradesh and has received numerous accolades for her sporting achievements.
- Her achievement paved the way for more Indian women to participate and excel in the field of weightlifting and other sports.
- Karnam Malleshwari's success at the Olympics remains a significant milestone in Indian sports history.

The canal that connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea is the Suez Canal.
The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway that was opened in 1869. It is located in Egypt and provides a direct route for ships traveling between Europe and Asia, bypassing the need to sail around the entire continent of Africa. Here are some key points about the Suez Canal:
- Location: The Suez Canal is situated in northeastern Egypt and connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.
- Length: The canal stretches for approximately 120 miles (193 kilometers) from the city of Port Said on the Mediterranean Sea to the city of Suez on the Red Sea.
- Importance: The Suez Canal is one of the world's most important shipping routes as it provides a shortcut between Europe and Asia, reducing the distance and time required for maritime trade.
- History: The construction of the Suez Canal began in 1859 and was completed in 1869. It was primarily funded by the French and Egyptian governments, and its opening had a significant impact on global trade and transportation.
- Significance: The Suez Canal has played a crucial role in facilitating international trade, allowing ships to avoid the lengthy and potentially dangerous journey around the southern tip of Africa. It has also contributed to the economic development of Egypt by generating revenue from tolls and fees.
- Expansion: In recent years, the Suez Canal has undergone expansion projects to accommodate larger vessels and increase its capacity. In 2015, a new parallel waterway was added alongside the existing canal, allowing for two-way traffic and reducing waiting times for ships.
- Impact: The Suez Canal has had a profound impact on global trade and maritime transportation, enabling faster and more efficient movement of goods between Europe, Asia, and other regions of the world.
In conclusion, the Suez Canal is the waterway that connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, providing a vital shortcut for international shipping and trade.

Commander-in-Chief of Kaurava army in Mahabharata
According to the Mahabharata, the last Commander-in-Chief of the Kaurava army was Ashwatthama.
Explanation:
- The Mahabharata is an ancient Indian epic that narrates the story of the Kurukshetra war between the Kauravas and the Pandavas.
- The Kauravas were a group of cousins who ruled the kingdom of Hastinapura, while the Pandavas were their cousins who were denied their rightful share of the kingdom.
- Ashwatthama was the son of Dronacharya, who was the teacher of both the Pandavas and the Kauravas.
- Dronacharya served as the Commander-in-Chief of the Kaurava army during the initial phases of the war.
- However, when Dronacharya was killed, Ashwatthama took over the position of the Commander-in-Chief.
- Ashwatthama was a skilled warrior and played a significant role in the later stages of the war.
- He fought fiercely against the Pandavas and their allies but ultimately faced defeat.
- Despite his defeat, Ashwatthama is remembered as the last Commander-in-Chief of the Kaurava army in the Mahabharata.
Therefore, according to the Mahabharata, Ashwatthama was the last Commander-in-Chief of the Kaurava army.

First Indian Cricketer to Take Hat Trick in Test Cricket: Harbhajan Singh

Harbhajan Singh is the first Indian cricketer to take a hat trick in Test cricket. He achieved this feat on March 11, 2001, during the second Test match against Australia played at the Eden Gardens in Kolkata.

Key Points:
- Hat trick refers to the dismissal of three consecutive batsmen by a bowler in cricket.
- Harbhajan Singh took the hat trick in the second innings of the match.
- The three Australian batsmen who fell victim to Harbhajan's hat trick were Ricky Ponting, Adam Gilchrist, and Shane Warne.
- Harbhajan's hat trick played a crucial role in India's victory in that Test match. He finished the innings with figures of 6 for 73, helping India win the match by 171 runs.
- This was a historic moment for Indian cricket as Harbhajan became the first Indian and the 26th cricketer overall to achieve a hat trick in Test cricket.
- Harbhajan Singh is considered one of India's finest off-spin bowlers and has had a successful career representing the national team.
Note: It is important to verify the accuracy of the information provided as cricket statistics may change over time.

The longest bone in the human body is the Femur.
The femur is the bone located in the thigh region of the body. It is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. Here is a detailed explanation of why the femur is the longest bone:
- Structure: The femur is a long, tubular bone that extends from the hip joint to the knee joint. It consists of a shaft, two ends, and various bony prominences. The shaft of the femur is cylindrical in shape and provides strength and support to the bone.
- Length: The average length of the femur in adults is about 18-20 inches. However, the length can vary depending on factors such as gender, age, and genetics. In general, males tend to have slightly longer femurs compared to females.
- Function: The femur plays a crucial role in the movement and support of the body. It acts as a lever for the muscles of the hip and thigh, allowing for walking, running, and other movements. The femur also bears the weight of the body and transfers it to the knee joint.
- Growth: The femur undergoes a process called endochondral ossification, where cartilage is gradually replaced by bone tissue. During childhood and adolescence, the growth plates located at the ends of the femur contribute to its lengthening. Once the growth plates close in early adulthood, the length of the femur remains constant.
In conclusion, the femur is the longest bone in the human body due to its structural characteristics, role in movement and support, and the growth process it undergoes during development.

Answer:
The luxury train that travels through Maharashtra and includes Goa in its journey is The Deccan Odyssey. Here are some key details about this train:
- The Deccan Odyssey is a luxury train in India that offers a royal and luxurious travel experience.
- It traverses through various destinations in Maharashtra, including Mumbai, Nashik, Aurangabad, Ajanta and Ellora Caves, Kolhapur, and Ratnagiri.
- The train also includes Goa in its itinerary, allowing passengers to explore the beautiful beaches and vibrant culture of the state.
- The Deccan Odyssey offers well-appointed cabins with modern amenities, including attached bathrooms, air conditioning, and Wi-Fi connectivity.
- The train features several onboard facilities such as a bar, lounge, spa, gym, and a multi-cuisine restaurant that serves delicious meals.
- Passengers can enjoy cultural performances, sightseeing tours, and excursions to famous landmarks and attractions at each destination.
- The Deccan Odyssey provides a unique and luxurious way to explore Maharashtra and Goa, showcasing the rich heritage, history, and natural beauty of the region.
Overall, The Deccan Odyssey offers a memorable and opulent journey through Maharashtra, including a visit to the enchanting state of Goa.

German Shepherd is a popular breed of Dog:

• German Shepherd is a specific breed of dog that originated in Germany.


• It is known for its intelligence, loyalty, and versatility, making it a popular choice for various roles.


• German Shepherds are often used as working dogs in various fields, including search and rescue, police and military work, and as service dogs.


• They are also popular as family pets due to their protective nature and ability to form strong bonds with their owners.


• German Shepherds have a distinct appearance with a strong, muscular body, erect ears, and a thick double coat.


• They come in various colors, including black and tan, sable, and solid black.


• German Shepherds require regular exercise and mental stimulation to stay healthy and happy.


• They are known for their trainability and can excel in obedience training and various dog sports.


• It is important to note that German Shepherds require proper socialization and training from an early age to ensure they grow up to be well-behaved and balanced dogs.

Introduction:
Rajeev Bhatia is a well-known film actor in the Indian film industry. He is better known by his stage name Akshay Kumar. With a successful career spanning over three decades, Akshay Kumar has become one of the most popular and highest-paid actors in Bollywood.
Key Points:
- Rajeev Bhatia is better known by his stage name Akshay Kumar.
- Akshay Kumar is a film actor in the Indian film industry.
- He has a successful career spanning over three decades.
- Akshay Kumar is one of the most popular and highest-paid actors in Bollywood.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Rajeev Bhatia is better known by his stage name Akshay Kumar. He is a highly successful and popular film actor in the Indian film industry.

According to the Ramayana, Bharat's wife is Mandavi. Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
The Ramayana is an ancient Hindu epic that tells the story of Lord Rama and his journey to rescue his wife, Sita, from the demon king Ravana. Bharat is one of Lord Rama's brothers and plays a significant role in the epic.
Explanation:
Bharat, the second son of King Dasharatha and Queen Kaikeyi, was married to Mandavi. Here are the details:
1. Bharat:
- Bharat was the second son of King Dasharatha and Queen Kaikeyi.
- He was the younger brother of Lord Rama and played a crucial role in the epic.
- Bharat was known for his righteousness and love for his elder brother Rama.
2. Mandavi:
- Mandavi was the daughter of King Kushadhwaja and Queen Chandrabhaga.
- She was the younger sister of Sita, who was married to Lord Rama.
- Mandavi's marriage to Bharat strengthened the bond between the two families.
3. Relationship:
- Bharat and Mandavi had a loving and harmonious relationship.
- They supported each other throughout their journey and stood by each other's side.
- Mandavi's loyalty and devotion to Bharat were highly praised in the epic.
4. Role in the Epic:
- Bharat, along with his wife Mandavi, played a crucial role in the epic's events.
- After Lord Rama was exiled, Bharat refused to take the throne and instead ruled Ayodhya on behalf of Lord Rama.
- Mandavi supported Bharat in his decision and stood by his side as he fulfilled his duties as the caretaker of Ayodhya.
Conclusion:
According to the Ramayana, Bharat's wife is Mandavi. Their relationship exemplifies love, loyalty, and support, making them an integral part of the epic's narrative.

Introduction:
The river Narmada is one of the major rivers in India, flowing through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat. It is known for its scenic beauty and is considered holy by Hindus. In this response, we will discuss the water body into which the river Narmada flows.
The Answer:
The river Narmada flows into the Arabian Sea.
Explanation:
Here's a detailed explanation of why the river Narmada flows into the Arabian Sea:
1. Location:
- The river Narmada originates from the Amarkantak Plateau in Madhya Pradesh, India.
- It then flows in a westward direction, passing through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat.
- Finally, it empties into the Arabian Sea.
2. Course of the River:
- The river Narmada has a total length of around 1,312 kilometers.
- It follows a winding course, cutting through the Vindhya and Satpura mountain ranges.
- The river forms a picturesque gorge at Marble Rocks near Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh.
- It then continues its journey, forming the famous Dhuandhar Falls near Bhedaghat in Madhya Pradesh.
3. Mouth of the River:
- The river Narmada reaches its destination at the Gulf of Khambhat in Gujarat.
- The Gulf of Khambhat is an inlet of the Arabian Sea.
- The river Narmada merges with the sea, forming an estuary at its mouth.
4. Importance:
- The river Narmada is not only important for its religious significance but also for its ecological and economic value.
- It provides water for irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, and sustains a variety of flora and fauna.
- The Narmada Valley is also home to several tribal communities.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the river Narmada flows into the Arabian Sea. It originates from the Amarkantak Plateau, flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat, and finally merges with the sea at the Gulf of Khambhat. The river is of great cultural, ecological, and economic significance in the region.

Akbar's Financial Advisor:

• Answer: C. Raja Todar Mal

Explanation:

• Akbar: Akbar was the third Mughal emperor who ruled over India from 1556 to 1605.


• Financial Advisor: A financial advisor is an individual who provides guidance and advice on financial matters, such as investments, budgeting, and financial planning.


• Raja Todar Mal: Raja Todar Mal was a prominent finance minister and one of Akbar's most trusted advisors.


• Contributions: Raja Todar Mal introduced a revenue system known as "Dahsala" which was based on measuring the fertility of the land and fixing revenue accordingly. This system brought stability to the kingdom's finances and helped in effective tax collection.


• Land Reforms: Raja Todar Mal also implemented land reforms, including a survey and assessment of land, which helped in determining fair taxation and revenue collection.


• Administration: He played a key role in the administration of Akbar's empire and was responsible for managing the treasury and financial affairs of the kingdom.


• Legacy: Raja Todar Mal's financial reforms and efficient management of finances contributed significantly to the prosperity and stability of Akbar's empire.

In conclusion, Raja Todar Mal served as Akbar's financial advisor and made significant contributions to the financial stability and prosperity of the Mughal Empire.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Police Academy
Location: Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Details:
- The Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Police Academy is situated in Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
- It is commonly known as the SVP National Police Academy.
- The academy is named after Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who was the first Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs of India.
- The academy is the premier police training institution in the country.
- It provides training to officers of the Indian Police Service (IPS) and other senior police officers.
- The academy aims to develop leadership qualities and improve the professional skills of police officers.
- It offers various training programs and courses on subjects like law, investigation, forensic science, management, and leadership.
- The academy has state-of-the-art facilities, including classrooms, lecture halls, hostels, sports facilities, and a library.
- It also conducts research and publishes journals related to policing and law enforcement.
- The Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Police Academy is known for its rigorous training programs and has contributed significantly to the development of the police force in India.

Answer:
The founder of the Forward Block political party was Subhash Chandra Bose.
Subhash Chandra Bose played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement and was one of the most prominent leaders fighting for India's freedom from British rule. He founded the Forward Block political party in 1939 as a faction within the Indian National Congress.
Key Points:
- The Forward Block political party was founded by Subhash Chandra Bose.
- Subhash Chandra Bose was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement.
- He formed the Forward Block as a faction within the Indian National Congress in 1939.
- The party aimed to unite all anti-imperialist forces and fight for complete independence from British rule.
- Bose believed in a radical approach and advocated for the use of armed struggle to achieve independence.
- The Forward Block party gained significant support in Bengal and other parts of India.
- Bose's leadership and the party's ideology had a significant impact on the Indian political landscape during that time.
Overall, Subhash Chandra Bose's creation of the Forward Block political party was a significant development in the Indian independence movement, showcasing his determination and commitment to achieving a free and independent India.

Answer:
The only cricketer to claim over 500 wickets in both Tests and One Day Internationals is Muttiah Muralitharan. Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
- Muttiah Muralitharan is a retired professional cricketer from Sri Lanka.
- He is widely regarded as one of the greatest bowlers in the history of cricket.
Test Matches:
- Muralitharan claimed a total of 800 wickets in Test matches.
- He achieved this milestone in 133 matches, with an average of 22.72.
- Muralitharan's incredible record includes 67 five-wicket hauls and 22 ten-wicket match hauls.
- He held the record for the most Test wickets until it was surpassed by James Anderson in 2018.
One Day Internationals (ODIs):
- Muralitharan also had a remarkable career in ODIs, claiming 534 wickets.
- He achieved this feat in 350 matches, with an average of 23.08.
- Muralitharan's ODI record includes 10 four-wicket hauls and 9 five-wicket hauls.
Overall:
- Muralitharan's ability to consistently take wickets in both Test matches and ODIs is a testament to his skill and longevity.
- His unique bowling style, which involved a combination of spin and variation, made him a formidable opponent for batsmen.
- Muralitharan's record of over 500 wickets in both formats of the game solidifies his status as one of the greatest cricketers of all time.

The Indian IT expert who started the web-based e-mail service Hotmail in 1996 is Sabeer Bhatia.
Explanation:
- Sabeer Bhatia is an Indian-American entrepreneur and co-founder of Hotmail, a popular web-based e-mail service.
- Hotmail was launched on July 4, 1996, and quickly gained popularity due to its free and accessible nature.
- Bhatia and his co-founder Jack Smith were instrumental in developing the concept of web-based e-mail, allowing users to access their emails from any computer with an internet connection.
- Hotmail's success led to its acquisition by Microsoft in 1997 for a reported $400 million, making it one of the most successful start-up acquisitions at the time.
- Bhatia went on to pursue other entrepreneurial ventures and has since become a prominent figure in the technology industry.
- His contribution to the development of web-based e-mail services has had a significant impact on the way people communicate and access their emails today.
In conclusion, Sabeer Bhatia, an Indian IT expert, started the web-based e-mail service Hotmail in 1996. His innovative idea revolutionized the way people communicate online and paved the way for the development of other similar services.