Lakhmir Singh & Manjit Kaur Test: Carbon & its Compounds - UPSC MCQ

C₃H₈ is alkane and all other are alkene or alkyne. To decolourise the bromine water is the property of unsaturated compound not of saturated compound.

The simplest organic compounds are made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Compounds of carbon and hydrogen only are called hydrocarbons. For example, methane.

Paraffins are also called Alkanes and have the general formula, C_nH_2n+2 , where n is the no. of carbon atoms in a given molecule. They are open - chain saturated hydrocarbons.

The characteristic reaction of Alkanes is substitution reaction. They, being saturated cannot undergo addition reaction.

Biogas comprises primarily methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulphide (H₂S), moisture and siloxanes.

Isomers are compounds having the same molecular formula but different structures.

Biogas comprises primarily methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulphide (H₂S).

Natural gas is primarily composed of methane, but also contains ethane, propane and heavier hydrocarbons. It also contains small amounts of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and trace amounts of water.

Ethanol is oxidised to produce ethanal by removing two hydrogen atoms. Ethanal is then oxidised to produce ethanoic acid by adding an oxygen atom. The O:H ratio changes from 1:6 (ethanol) to 1:4 (ethanal) to 1:2 (ethanoic acid).

carboxylic acid contains -COOH group.

Ethanoic acid (also known as acetic acid) , if added to water to form a 5-8% solution, is called vinegar.

C₂H₄  will give addition reaction because they are connected by double or triple bond and are unsaturated hydrocarbon.

The general formula for the alkenes is C_nH_2n . Cycloalkanes are a family of compounds where the carbon atoms are joined in a circle.

Alkanes have the general formula C_nH_2n+2. For example, an alkane with 2 (n) carbon atoms, will have 6(2n + 2) hydrogen atoms. Cyclic alkanes are formed by removal of two H atoms from the terminal position.

Methanoic acid is HCOOH. Methane + oic acid = methanoic acid.

An alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxy functional group ( -OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atom. Ethyl alcohol is the predominant  alcohol in alcoholic beverages.

• Sodium metal is highly reactive and reacts with various substances.


• It belongs to group 1 of the periodic table, which means it has one valence electron that it readily gives away in reactions.

• Ethanol: Ethanol is a type of alcohol that contains an -OH group.


• Ethanal: Ethanal is an aldehyde with a carbon-oxygen double bond.


• Ethene: Ethene is a hydrocarbon with a carbon-carbon double bond.


• Ethane: Ethane is an alkane with only single carbon-carbon bonds.

• Sodium readily reacts with ethanol.


• When sodium reacts with ethanol, it forms sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas.


• This reaction is a classic example of the reactivity of sodium metal with alcohols.


• Ethanol provides the necessary oxygen and hydrogen atoms for the reaction with sodium.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option A: Ethanol.

Acetic acid gives a pleasant smell on rejection with ethanol due to the formation of ethyl acetate as :- 
CH₃COOH  +C₂H₅OH → CH3COOC₂H₅ +H₂O

Aldehydes contain the functional group - CHO. It is a terminal functional group.

The correct option is A.
Ethanol is oxidised to produce ethanal by removing two hydrogen atoms. Ethanal is then oxidised to produce ethanoic acid, by adding an oxygen atom.

The correct option is C.
Acetic acid that is Carboxylic acids gives effervescence with NaHCO₃ solution.

Primary alcohols and aldehydes are normally oxidized to Carboxylic acids using potassium Dichromate solution in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

Saponification reaction is also known as alkaline hydrolysis of ester.

 

Ethanol contains alcohol as the functional group.
Ethane + ol = Ethanol.

Pentane (C₅H₁₂) has three structural isomers.