MPTET Varg 1 History Mock Test - 2 - MPTET MCQ

अशुद्धि युक्त अंश- 'ने चल दिया'।
पूर्ण शुद्ध वाक्य- मेरे स्टेशन पहुँचते ही रेलगाड़ी चल दी।
स्पष्टीकरण

• वाक्य- मेरे स्टेशन पहुँचते ही रेलगाड़ी ने चल दिया।
• शुद्ध वाक्य- मेरे स्टेशन पहुँचते ही रेलगाड़ी चल दी।
• वाक्य में 'क्रिया संबंधी अशुद्धि' है।

अन्य 'क्रिया संबंधी' उदाहरण-

• अशुद्ध वाक्य- मैं दर्शन देने आया था।
• शुद्ध वाक्य- मैं दर्शन करने आया था।
• अशुद्ध वाक्य- क्या यह संभव हो सकता है ?
• शुद्ध वाक्य- क्या यह संभव है ?

अन्यसंबंधित बिंदु
वाक्यों में निम्न प्रकार की अशुद्धियाँ होती हैं-
लिंग संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ

1. उदाहरण;- अशुद्ध वाक्य- उसने संतोष का साँस ली।
2. शुद्ध वाक्य- उसने संतोष की साँस ली।

विभक्ति-संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ

1. उदाहरण;- अशुद्ध वाक्य- मैं यह काम नहीं किया हूँ।
2. शुद्ध वाक्य- मैंने यह काम नहीं किया है।

क्रिया-संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ

1. उदाहरण;- अशुद्ध वाक्य- तुम क्या काम करता है ?
2. शुद्ध वाक्य- तुम क्या काम करते हो ?

The correct answer is "Numismatist"
Explanation

• Let's take a look at the given options:
  • "Numismatist" is a person who studies or collects coins, tokens, and other forms of money, such as medals, paper money, and other forms of currency.
    • Example: I went to the numismatist to get some rare coins as a gift for my wife.
  • "Cryptologist" is a person who studies cryptography, the practice of hiding information by encrypting it into an unreadable format.
    • Example: The cryptologist lost his mind trying to decipher the script.
  • "Hobbyist" is a person who engages in a particular activity as a pastime rather than as a profession.
    • Example: Being a hobbyist should be temporary, you should also focus on doing safe work.
  • "Philatelist" is a person who studies or collects stamps or postal history
    • Example: The philatelist was bent on trying to get the last left stamp.
• In the given sentence, the person is collecting coins as a hobby, so the correct word substitute for that is "Numismatist".

Thus, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Indore.

Explanation

• Madhya Pradesh's first bone bank is being set up at MGM Medical College, Indore.​
  • The bone bank is like an eye bank.
  • In this, the bones donated by the donor or removed during the operation are kept in a deep freezer at a temperature of -40 to -80 degrees Celsius.
  • Before this, the bones to be preserved are thoroughly tested for antigens, and infections.
  • And they are used after keeping them in a deep freezer for six months.
  • Bones broken in an accident or accident can also be replaced from a 'bone bank'.​

The position values of the letters, according to the English alphabet series:

The Pattern followed here is;

Hence, the correct answer is "PKHD".

Given:
Production of mobile in the company over the years.
Formula used:
Average = Sum of observation / Number of observations
Calculations:

Required average =
⇒ 480/8 = 60
So, in the years 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2008 the production is more than the average value.
∴ The answer is 4.

Disability is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Overcoming the difficulties faced by people with disabilities requires interventions to remove environmental and social barriers.

ExplanationHere, Rajan appears to be lost in his world as he avoids eye contact with others and plays alone with a feather throughout the day. This behavior is indicating autism spectrum disorder.

• Children with autism spectrum disorder experience profound difficulties in relating to other people.
• They are unable to initiate social behavior and seem unresponsive to other people’s feelings. They are unable to share experiences or emotions with others.
• It is characterized by widespread impairments in social interaction and communication skills, and stereotyped patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities.
• Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neuro-developmental condition typically appearing in the first three years of life that significantly affects a person’s ability to communicate, understand relationships and relate to others, and is frequently associated with unusual or stereotypical rituals or behavior.

Hence, it is concluded that Rajan's behavior is indicating Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Other Related Points

• Muscular dystrophy is a disease in which the muscles responsible for voluntary movement of the body progressively weaken and degenerate until they can no longer function.
• Dyscalculia is a mathematical disability. In this disability, the learner has difficulty in learning or comprehending mathematics.
• Dysphoria is a state of generalized unhappiness, restlessness, dissatisfaction, or frustration.

The correct answer is Sachindra Nath Sanyal.

Explanation

• Hindu College, presently known as Presidency University in Kolkata, was established in 1817 under the tenure of Lord Warren Hastings.
• Lord Hastings (1813-1823) was the Patron of the college.
• It was established by the public for the teaching of English and Western Sciences.
• Rammohan Roy did much to disseminate the benefits of modern education to his countrymen.
• He supported David Hare’s efforts to found the Hindu College in 1817 in Calcutta (Kolkata).
• Roy’s English school taught mechanics and Voltaire’s philosophy.

The correct answer is Bhonsle - Gwalior.

• The correct combination will be - Bhonsle - Nagpur and Scindia - Gwalior.
• On the left side of the option name Name of the head is given and on the right side of the option name of the place is written of which that comes under their territory is written.
• After the Mughals, the Marathas emerged as the most powerful in India.
• The head of the Maratha confederacy(groups/alliance) was Peshwa.
• Moropant Trimbak Pingle was the first Peshwa and he was appointed by Chhatrapati.

The correct answer is Radiocarbon dating C-14.

Explanation

• Based on the Radio-carbon dating (C-14) time span of the Harappan civilization is considered between 2300 BCE to 1750 BCE.
• It is a technique to ascertain the age of fossils.
• Carbon dating only works for objects which are younger than 50,000 years, Hence, it cannot be used for determining the ages of rocks.
• The Indus Valley Civilization has spread from present-day Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.

• The civilization flourished in the Ghaggar-Hakara Basin and Indus Basins.

Therefore, we can conclude that the time span of the Harappan civilization now been fixed between 2300 B.C and 1750 B.C on the basis of Radio-carbon dating(C-14).

The correct answer is Mumbai.Explanation

• The first cotton textile mill in India was established at Fort Glastor near Kolkata in 1818.
• Large-scale production of cotton started in Mumbai in 1854.
• India's first successful mechanized textile mill was instituted in the city of Mumbai, then known as Bombay, in the year 1854.
• There were several factors that led to the rapid expansion of the industry in the region, which are as follows: - The region had a warm, moist climate that was suitable for the industry.

Other Related Points

• The first textile mill and garments company was established in Ahmedabad and was one of the first textile mills in India. It was opened on 30 May 1861 and started by entrepreneur, Ranchhodlal Chhotalal.
• The textile industry of the city of Ahmedabad in the state of Gujarat in India dates back to the 19th century when the city and the industry were established under the British raj. Textile mills employed thousands of people from across the state, and the cotton garments manufactured were exported around the world.
• Karnataka is second largest Textile employer in India

Thus, the first successful textile mill in India was established in Mumbai.

The correct answer is Nai Duniya.

Explanation

• Nai Duniya:
  • It was an evening daily which was started from Indore on 5 June 1947.
  • It was started by Shri Krishnakant Vyas and Shri Krishna Mudgal.
  • In the year 1948, Labhchand Chhajlani took over the leadership of Nai Duniya.
  • After this, the newspaper Nai Duniya started to grow exponentially.
  • Its circulation increased from 1500 to 115000.
  • It was printed in modern printing machine till 1962.
  • The newspaper is credited for adopting the first photo composing an offset printing method in the country.

Other Related Points

• Nav Prabhat was founded in the year 1948 in Gwalior by Harihar Niwas Dwivedi.
• Gramvaani was started in the year 1948 in Khandwa by Ramnarayan Upadhyay.
• Nav Jyoti was a monthly newspaper started in Raipur started in 1948.

The correct answer is Ibrahim Lodi.

Explanation

• The defeat of Ibrahim Lodi of the Lodi dynasty by Babur marked the end of the Delhi sultanate and the rise of the Mughal empire.
• The First Battle of Panipat was fought between the Last ruler of the Lodhi Dynasty Ibrahim Lodhi and the first ruler of the Mughal Empire Babur on 21st April 1526.
• The Battle of Panipat was the reason for the end of the Delhi Sultanate and the rise of the Mughal Empire's rule in India.
• This was one of the first battles in Asia at that time where gunpowder firearms and field artillery was introduced for the very First time in the Indian subcontinent which was introduced by the Mughals (Babur) in this battle.
• Ibrahim Lodi was killed in the battle while trying to retreat and beheaded 20,000 soldiers of Lodhi's Army were killed in the battle.

Other Related Points

• Bahlol Lodhi:
  • He was the chief of the Pashtun Lodhi Tribe.
  • He was the founder of the Lodhi Dynasty.
  • He became sultan in 1451.
  • He was the first Afghani King.
  • He introduced new copper coins called Bahloli Coins.
  • He ruled over Delhi till 1489.
• Sikander Lodhi:
  • He was the son of Bahlol Lodhi who conquered Bihar and Western Bengal.
  • He founded the city of Agra and moved his capital from Delhi to Agra.
  • He introduced the Gaz-i-Sikandari of 32 digits for measuring cultivated fields.
• Mahmud Lodi:
  • The Battle of Ghaghra was fought in 1529.
  • The battle of Ghagra was fought between the Afgan king Mahmud Lodi and the Mughal emperor Babur.
  • Lodi was supported by the Rajput kings of India.
  • Mahmud Lodi was defeated in the battle, and Babur extended his frontier from the Oxus River in the west to the Ghagra River in the east and from the Himalayas to Gwalior.

The correct answer is Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara, Ashoka, and Deshratha Maurya.

Explanation

• The Mauryan Empire was formed around 321 BCE and ended in 185 BCE.
• It was the first pan-India empire that covered most parts of the Indian subcontinent.
• The Mauryan Empire was founded by Chandragupta Maurya.
• The correct order of succession within the Mauryan Empire is:
  • Chandragupta Maurya (322- 298 BCE)
  • Bindusara (298- 272 BCE)
  • Ashoka (268- 232 BCE)
  • Dasaratha Maurya (232- 224 BCE)
• Ashoka was succeeded by his grandson, Dasaratha Maurya.

Thus, we can say that the above statements are correct.

Sri Gupta was the founder of the Gupta dynasty. Hence, option 1 is correct.

Explanation

Gupta Empire(320-330)CE:​

• The founder of the Gupta dynasty was Sri Gupta.
• He was succeeded by Ghatotkacha. These two were called Maharajas.
• The next ruler was Chandragupta I and he was the first to be called Maharajadhiraja.
• Chandragupta, I was succeeded by Samudragupta in about 330 A.D., who reigned for about fifty years.
• He was a great military genius and is said to have commanded a military campaign across the Deccan, and also subdued the forest tribes of the Vindhya region.
• Samudragupta's successor Chandragupta II, also known as Vikramaditya, conquered the extensive territories of Malwa, Gujarat and Kathiawar.

Important Points

Some famous events during the rule of Gupta Kings:

• The famous Chinese pilgrim, Fahien visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II.
• Out of his nine years of stay in India, he spent six years in the Gupta empire.
• Chandragupta II waged war against the Saka satraps of western India.
• Rudrasimha III, the last ruler of the Saka satrap was defeated, dethroned, and killed. His territories in western Malwa and the Kathiawar Peninsula were annexed into the Gupta Empire.
• Kumaragupta laid the foundation of Nalanda University.

The correct answer is Looked after Royal correspondence.

Explanation

• The administration under the Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526 AD) had a department called Diwan-i-insha.
• Diwan-i-insha was a department of royal correspondence headed by Dabir-i-insha.
• Similarly, it had a department called Diwan-i-Arz that looked after the army.
• Diwan-i-Wizarat looked after the Revenue system of the state.

• Diwan-i-Risalat looked after Religious matters.​

Therefore, we can conclude that Diwan-i-insha was the minister who looked after Royal correspondence.

Important Points

• Administration under the Delhi Sultanate:
  • It was influenced by the Iranian system of administration.
  • The situation in India and Indian traditions were kept in mind during these systems.
  • Organs of the Government:
    • Diwan-i-Wizarat: Department of revenue and finance headed by the Wazir.
    • Diwan-i-Arz: Department of Military headed by Ariz-i-Mamalik.
    • Diwan-i-Insha: Department of royal correspondence headed by Dabir-i-lnsha.
    • Diwan-i-Risalat: Department of religious affairs headed by chief Qazi.
    • Diwan-i-bandagan:​ Diwan-i-bandagan (department of slaves) and Diwan-i-Khairat (charity department) was created by Firuz Shah Tughluq.
    • Diwan-i-mustakharaj: Diwan-i-mustakharaj (to realise arrears) was created by Alauddin Khiiji.
    • Diwan- i-kohi: Diwan- i-kohi (department of agriculture) was created by Muhammad bin Tughluq.

The correct answer is Makran Coast (Balochistan).

Explanation

• Suktagen Dor is an archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization.
• It is located on the Makran Coast near the Iran border in the Balochistan province of Pakistan.
• It is considered to be the westernmost site of the Indus Valley Civilization.
• It was discovered in a small-scale excavation in 1875 by Major Edward Mockler.
• It was originally a port and later cut off from the sea due to coastal upliftment.
• It is believed that Sutkagen Dor might be on the trade route from Lothal in Gujarat to Mesopotamia.

Other Related Points

The correct answer is Bhagat Singh.

Explanation

• Assistant Superintendent of Police John Saunders was killed on 17 December 1927.
• He was shot dead by Bhagat Singh and Shivaram Rajguru.
• However, the original target was not Saunders but the Superintendent of Police James Scott.
• James Scott had ordered his men to lathi-charge protesters which led to the death of Lala Lajpat Rai.
• Sukhdev Thapar and Chandrashekhar Azad supported them in this act.
• Bhagat SIngh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged to death.

Thus, we can say that Bhagat Singh shot Saunders.

Arya Samaj was founded at Bombay.

Explanation

• Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayanand at Bombay in 1875 and its headquarters were established at Lahore in 1877.
• It emphasized on the infallibility of Vedas while rejecting later Hindu texts.
• The Arya Samajists simplified some of the orthodox practices like rituals related to marriage and death.
• Dayanand Saraswati laid down the rules and regulations for the Arya Samajists to follow.
• They condemned polytheism ie belief in multiple gods, religious superstitions and supermacy of Brahmanas.
• Arya Samaj started a Shuddhi Movement under Swami Shraddhanand in 1920's, which aimed at reconverting all those Hindus who have adopted Islam or Christianity.

• The movement produced eminent leaders such as Lala Hansraj, Pandit Guru Dutt and Lala Lajpat Rai.

Hence, we can conclude that Arya Samaj was founded at Bombay.

Khilji Dynasty(1290-1320 AD):.......................(2)

• It was marked as the zenith of Muslim imperialism.
• Jalaluddin Khilji was the founder.

Tughlaq Dynasty(1320-1414 AD):..................(1)

• Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq was the founder of the dynasty.
• He founded Tughlaqabad city near Delhi.

Sayyid Dynasty(1414-1451 AD):.....................(3)

• Founded by Khizr Khan.
• He was the governor of Multan and Timur's deputy in India. He marched on behalf of Timur and took possession of Delhi in 1414 AD.

Lodi Dynasty(1451- 1526 AD):........................(4)

• They succeeded Syyadis(1414-1451 AD) Dynasty.
• Bahalol Lodi was the founder.
• Accordingly, the 2-1-3-4 sequence is correct. Hence, option B is correct.

"Ekmevaadvitiyam Brihma" Sukti is mentioned in Chandogya Upnishad.

Important Points

• Ekmevaadvitiyam Brahma, the Mahavakya of Hinduism means that Brahman is one, without a second.
• The analytical expression of Ekmevaadvitiyam Brahma is also that there is one absolute reality, without any secondary parts and no object are believed to be truly independent.
• It is said that the kernel of this universe is Brahma.
• Life, seed, ego and everything emerge from him.
• He is the primary as the whole world is derived from him.
• Ekmevaadvitiyam Sukti is mentioned in the Chandogya Upnishad.
• The Chandogya Upanishad is a Sanskrit text embedded in the Chandogya Brahmana of the Sama Veda of Hinduism.

• It is one of the oldest Upanishads and lists as number 9 in the Muktika canon of 108 Upanishads.

Thus, we can conclude that "Ekmevaadvitiyam Brihma" Sukti is mentioned in Chandogya Upnishad.

The correct answer is Gupta Age.
Explanation

• The Gupta Age in ancient India is called the 'Golden Age'.
• It is called so because of various art, science, and literary achievements.
• This age is regarded as the classical peak of North Indian art.
• This period saw the emergence of the iconic carved stone deity in Hindu art.
• The traditional main centre of sculpture was Mathura during this time.
• The three primary schools of Gupta sculpture are characterized as Mathura school, Sarnath school and Nalanda school.

Thus, we can say that the Gupta Age is called the Golden Age of Indian Art.
Additional Information
​Art of the Gupta period-

• The beautiful statue of a standing Buddha at Mathura reveals a little Greek style and there was no influence from the Gandhar style of art.
• Buddhist art especially the Ajanta Caves, is decorated with images of the life of the Buddha providing a vivid example of Gupta-era Indian painting.
• The wealth of jewelry, high-quality textile, embroidery, tie-dye work, brocade, and muslin worn by women of this period is seen in the flying Apsara's murals in the Ajanta.

​
Additional Information

The correct answer is The French.

Explanation

• In 1760, The Battle of Wandiwash was a battle in India between the British and French.
• The battle of Wandiwash was part of the Third Carnatic War fought between the French and British colonial empires.
• The British army was led by Sir Eyre Coote and the french army was commanded by Comte de Lally.
• The war concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
• It itself was a part of the global Seven Years War.

Other Related Points

• Total three Carnatic wars were fought between British and French
  • First Carnatic War (1740-48) - Joseph Francois duplex was a french governor and Major Stringer Lawrence from the British side.
    • The result was inconclusive.
  • Second Carnatic War (1749-54) - The war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry, signed in 1754, which recognized Muhammad Ali Khan Walajah as the Nawab of the Carnatic.
    • Charles Godeheu replaced Dupleix.
  • Third Carnatic War (1756-63)

The correct answer is Option 1.ExplanationThe Mauryan Empire:

• The spread of Ashoka's inscriptions reveals the size of his dominion.
• According to its distribution, it reached as far north as Kandahar in Afghanistan.
• Its eastern border extended all the way to Odisha.
• The rest of the subcontinent was under Mauryan control, except the extreme south.
• The south was held by Cholas and Pandyas according to Rock Edict XIII.
• And by the Keralaputas and Satiyaputras, according to Rock Edict II. Hence, option 1 is correct.
• His empire was home to individuals of various cultures and civilizations.
• The Kambojas and Yavanas, for example, are referenced in the northwest.
• The people from western India and the Deccan include the Bhojas, Pitinikas, Andhras, and Pulindas.

Other Related PointsInformation from Rock Edicts:

• The Kalinga war's widespread devastation was claimed to have overwhelmed King Ashoka with remorse.
• In Rock Edict XIII Ashoka states that such death and ruin are unavoidable when an unconquered land is conquered.
• It is also worth noting that Ashoka did not engrave his remorse in any spot in Kalinga.
• The Rock Edict XIII had been replaced by the Separate Edicts.
• The Separate Edicts offer instructions for his officers and underscore the importance of good governance.
• His grief over the Kalinga war kindled his interest in Buddhism.
• In Minor Rock Edict I, he writes that he has been a lay devotee for two and a half years.

The correct answer is 1236 to 1240

Important Points

• Raziya Sultan was the first female Muslim ruler of South Asia and ruled from 1236 to 1240. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
• Raziya was the only daughter among the four children of Iltutmish, the third ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.
• Her mother was Turkan Khatoon, the daughter of Qutbuddin Aibak (r.1206-10) – the first ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.
• Iltutmish nominated Razia as his successor after the death of his most capable son, Prince Nasiruddin Mahmud.
• Various sources confirm that Iltutmish selected Raziya as she was the eldest of his surviving children and had already displayed her deserving political insights.
• She was from Turkish Seljuk’s ancestry and came to be the fifth Mumluk Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate.
• Raziya’s accession to the throne was solely based on her merit and was a significant departure in the then political climate where the throne was considered a male monopoly.
• The Muslim theologians approved her ascension and most of the Turkish nobility, army, and people of Delhi accepted her on the throne is a testimony of the politico-cultural spirit of that age.
• Raziya remains one of the most significant icons of women's power in the history of India.
• Her chief merit lies in her fearless assertive decisions, her ability to rule by integrating all walks of people, and to rise above the prejudices of her age and times.
• According to Minhaj, ‘Raziya was the ablest of the successors of Iltutmish’– a statement that can hardly be denied.

The correct answer is Vatapi.
Explanation

• The earliest Chalukyas with their capital at Badami (Vatapi) in Karnataka. They ruled from mid-6th century. They declined after the death of their greatest king, Pulakesin II in 642 AD. They were known as Badami Chalukyas.

Important Points

There were three distinct which were related to Chalukya dynasties

• Badami Chalukyas: Capital was Badami (Vatapi) in Karnataka.
• Eastern Chalukyas: Emerged after the death of Pulakesin II in Eastern Deccan with capital at Vengi. They ruled till the 11th century.
• Western Chalukyas: Descendants of the Badami Chalukyas, emerged in the late 10th century and ruled from Kalyani (modern-day Basavakanlyan).

Other Related Points

• Jayasimha was the first ruler of the Chalukyas.
• Pulakesin I (Reign: 543 AD – 566 AD)
  • Founded the empire with his capital at Vatapi.
  • Performed Ashwamedha.
• Kirtivarman I (Reign: 566 AD – 597 AD)
  • Son of Pulakesin I.
  • Conquered Konkan and northern Kerala.
• Mangalesha (Reign: 597 AD – 609 AD)
  • Brother of Kirtivarman I.
  • Conquered the Kadambas and the Gangas.
  • Was killed by his nephew and son of Kirtivarman, Pulakesin II.
• Pulakesin II (609 AD – 642 AD)
  • The greatest of the Chalukya kings.
  • Extended the Chalukya rule to most parts of the Deccan.
  • His birth name was Eraya. Information about him is obtained from the Aihole inscription dated 634. This poetic inscription was written by his court poet Ravikirti in Sanskrit language using the Kannada script.
  • Xuanzang visited his kingdom. He has praised Pulakesin II as a good and authoritative king.
  • Though a Hindu, he was tolerant of Buddhism and Jainism.
  • He conquered almost entire south-central India.
  • He is famous for stopping Northern king Harsha in his tracks while he was trying to conquer southern parts of the country.
  • He had defeated the Pallava king Mahendravarman I but was defeated and killed by Mahendravarman’s son and successor Narasimhavarman I in a series of battles he had with the Pallavas.

The correct answer is 1943, Singapore.

Explanation

• Subhash Chandra Bose established the 'Provisional Government of Free India' in Singapore in the year 1943.
• On July 4, 1943, Rash Behari Bose handed over the command of Azad Hind Fauj to Subhash Chandra Bose in a ceremony held at Cathay Bhawan, Singapore.
• The Azad Hind government was established on 21 October 1943.
• Japan recognized the Azad Hind government on 23 October 1943.
• Japan gave Andaman and Nicobar Islands to Azad Hind Government.
• Subhash Chandra Bose renamed Andaman as Shaheed Dweep and Nicobar as Swaraj Dweep.
• Subhash Chandra Bose was the Prime Minister, Foreign Minister and Defense Minister of India's first independent government.
• Finance Department to S.C. Chatterjee, Publicity Department to S.A. Iyer and the women's organization was handed over to Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan.

• The governments of 9 countries had given their recognition to the Azad Hind government, in which countries like Germany, Japan, Philippines were included.

The correct answer is Pandita Ramabai.

Explanation

• Pandita Ramabai's childhood name was Rama Dongre.
• Due to her good knowledge of Sanskrit and Vedas, her name was prefixed with Pandita.
• Pandita Ramabai married Vipin Bihari Medhavi, a Kayastha lawyer, and attacked orthodoxy.
• Pandita Ramabai founded the Arya Mahila Samaj in Pune and got involved in missionary activities.
• In the Arya Mahila Samaj established by Pandita Ramabai, work was done for the education of girls, the prevention of child marriage, the welfare of widows, etc.
• The result of Pandita Ramabai's efforts was that in 1886, Anandiben Joshi achieved the feat of becoming India's first female doctor.
• Due to her popularity, Pandita Ramabai was given the title of 'Kaiser-e-Hind' by the British government for social work.

• In 1989, a postage stamp was launched by the Government of India in memory of Ramabai.

Hence, we can conclude that Mahila Arya Samaj in Maharashtra was established by Pandita Ramabai.

Other Related Points

• Annie Besant was an Irish woman who became the first woman president of the Indian National Congress in 1917 during the Calcutta session.
• Sarojini Naidu was a political activist, poet, and the first Indian woman president of the Indian National Congress and the first Indian woman governor.
• Savitribai, India's first female teacher, along with her husband, social worker Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, established a school for girls in 1848.

The correct answer is Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan.

Explanation

• Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was born in Pashtoon in 1890 in the Northwest border city of Utmanzai, located in today's Pakistan.
• He was first nicknamed Badshah Khan, "King of all leaders".
• In 1928 Khan met Mahatma Gandhi for the very first time and got involved with the Indian Congress Party.
  • Gandhi and Khan shared a vision together, they dreamed of an independent, undivided, secular India – an India where both Hindus and Muslims would live together in peace.
  • By demanding that India should not be partitioned after the end of British rule, Khan managed to make many enemies amongst Muslims.
  • It was at this time that he was given a second nickname: "Frontier Gandhi," meaning the Gandhi from the Northwest border, the region adjacent to Afghanistan.
    • Hence, the correct answer is Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan.

Important Points

• In 1987, Khan was awarded the Bharat Ratna, the highest Indian honor that can be given to civilians.
  • He was the first non-Indian to receive this honor.

The correct answer is Mir Jafar.

Important Points

• The battle of Plassey (1757) showed the depth of factionalism in Nawab's court.
• The treachery of the close lieutenants of the Nawab rather than the might of the English decided the fate of the battle.
• Mir Jafar has proclaimed Nawab. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
• An agreement was concluded with the English wherein the Nawab guaranteed and in some cases extended the commercial privileges of the English.
• The Company on their part agreed not to interfere in Nawab's government.

Other Related Points

• A return to the status quo situation, the objective of Plassey conspirators, soon proved an impossibility to achieve.
• What happened instead was the steady erosion and collapse of the autonomy in Bengal which was so carefully built up by Murshid Kuli and his successors.
• The inability of Mir Jafar, the ongoing conspiracy within the court, and the relative weakness of Nawab's armed forces gave the English the scope to decisively interfere in the affairs of the province.
• Mir Jafar's growing dependence on the company for military support was used by the company to demand more finances and other privileges from the Nawab.
• But the Nawab was not in a position to meet the growing financial demands of the company.
• Thus the company's relentless drive for more revenues in Bengal led to direct confrontation with Mir Jafar.
• Mir Jafar was ultimately forced to abdicate.