MPTET Varg 1 Political Science Mock Test - 3 - MPTET MCQ

दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर विकल्प 1 ‘चिड़ियाँ’ है। अन्य विकल्प इसके गलत उत्तर हैं।

स्पष्टीकरण 

• दिए गए विकल्पों में 'चिड़ियाँ' शब्द बहुवचन है।
• चिड़ियाँ का एकवचन 'चिड़िया' होता है।
• चिड़िया अर्थात गौरैया।
• यह आकाश में उड़ने वाला एक छोटा सा जीव है।

अन्य विकल्प:

• खिलौना - खिलौने
• कहानी - कहानियाँ
• शाखा - शाखाएँ

अन्य संबंधित बिंदु

"लक्ष्मी + छाया" का संधि-पद का सही उदाहरण होगा- 'व्यंजन संधि'

• लक्ष्मी + छाया = लक्ष्मीच्छाया (ई + छ = च्छ)
• (स्वर के बाद अगर छ् वर्ण आ जाए तो छ् से पहले च् वर्ण बढ़ा दिया जाता है।)

व्यंजन संधि:-

• जब संधि करते समय व्यंजन के साथ स्वर या कोई व्यंजन के मिलने से जो रूप में परिवर्तन होता है, उसे ही व्यंजन संधि कहते हैं।

उदाहरण-

• आ + छादन = आच्छादन
• संधि + छेद = संधिच्छेद

स्पष्टीकरण
व्यंजन संधि के अन्य उदाहरण:-

• उत् + नति = उन्नति
• सत् + जन = सज्जन
• सम् + योग = संयोग
• दिक् + अम्बर = दिगम्बर
• अभी + सेक = अभिषेक

महत्वपूर्णबिंदु
दीर्घ संधि:-

• जब दो शब्दों की संधि करते समय (अ, आ) के साथ (अ, आ) हो तो ‘आ‘ बनता है,
• जब (इ, ई) के साथ (इ, ई) हो तो ‘ई‘ बनता है, जब (उ, ऊ) के साथ (उ, ऊ) हो तो ‘ऊ‘ बनता है, तो उसे दीर्घ संधि कहते है।

उदाहरण-

• विद्या + अभ्यास = विद्याभ्यास (आ + अ = आ)
• कवि + ईश्वर = कवीश्वर (इ + ई = ई)
• वधु + उत्सव = वधूत्सव (उ + उ = ऊ)

विसर्ग:-

• जब संधि करते समय विसर्ग के बाद स्वर या व्यंजन वर्ण के आने से जो विकार (परिवर्तन) उत्पन्न होता है, हम उसे विसर्ग संधि कहते हैं। 

उदाहरण-

• नि: + चल = निश्चल
• मनः + भाव = मनोभाव
• निः + गुण = निर्गुण
• अतः + एव = अतएव

यण संधि:-

• जब संधि करते समय (इ, ई) के साथ कोई अन्य स्वर हो तो ‘य‘ बन जाता है,
• जब (उ, ऊ) के साथ कोई अन्य स्वर हो तो ‘व‘ बन जाता है, जब (ऋ) के साथ कोई अन्य स्वर हो तो ‘र्‘ बनता है, तो उसे यण संधि कहते है। 

उदाहरण-

• अधि + अयन = अध्ययन (इ + अ = य)
• अनु + एषण = अन्वेषण (उ + ए = वे)
• मातृ + आज्ञा = मात्राज्ञा (ऋ + आ = र्)

The correct answer is "weak"
Explanation

• Weary refers to being exhausted, tired, or fatigued, both physically or mentally. It can also refer to being discouraged, skeptical or skeptical about something. 
  • Example: "The marathon runner felt weary after running for 26 miles."

Let's see the meanings of the given words

• Careless refers to being negligent or not paying attention to details, which often results in mistakes or accidents. It also means someone who is not taking responsibility or not being cautious. 
  • Example: The careless driver caused an accident by running a red light."
• Shivering refers to a physical reaction characterized by rapid, small, involuntary muscle contractions that results in a trembling of the body, usually as a response to cold or fear. 
  • Example: "The shivering child was wrapped in a blanket to keep warm."
• Troubled refers to being in a state of distress, anxiety, or difficulty. It can also refer to a person who is experiencing personal or emotional problems. 
  • Example: "The troubled economy was causing widespread unemployment."
• Weak refers to something that is lacking in strength, power, or force, or something that is not substantial or effective. It can also refer to a person who is not physically or mentally strong.
  • Example: "The weak connection caused the internet to drop frequently."

According to the meanings of the given words, the correct answer is Option 4, i.e., weak.

The correct answer is "Numismatist"
Explanation

• Let's take a look at the given options:
  • "Numismatist" is a person who studies or collects coins, tokens, and other forms of money, such as medals, paper money, and other forms of currency.
    • Example: I went to the numismatist to get some rare coins as a gift for my wife.
  • "Cryptologist" is a person who studies cryptography, the practice of hiding information by encrypting it into an unreadable format.
    • Example: The cryptologist lost his mind trying to decipher the script.
  • "Hobbyist" is a person who engages in a particular activity as a pastime rather than as a profession.
    • Example: Being a hobbyist should be temporary, you should also focus on doing safe work.
  • "Philatelist" is a person who studies or collects stamps or postal history
    • Example: The philatelist was bent on trying to get the last left stamp.
• In the given sentence, the person is collecting coins as a hobby, so the correct word substitute for that is "Numismatist".

Thus, option 2 is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Sikandar Lodī.
Explanation

• Sikandar Lodi (1489-1517 AD)​:
  • Modern Agra was founded by Sikandar Lodhi in the 16th century.
  • He shifted the capital from Delhi to Agra in 1506.
  • Babur, the founder of the Mughal dynasty, also stayed for some time in Agra and introduced the concept of square Persian-styled gardens here.
  • Emperor Akbar built the Agra fort and Fatehpur Sikri near Agra.​

Other Related Points

• Babur:
  • He is the founder of the Mughal Empire.
  • He fought the first Battle of Panipat in 1526 with Ibrahim Lodhi and laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire.
  • His autobiography Tuzuk-i-Babri was written in the Turkish Language.
  • In 1527 his general Mir Baki built Babri Maszid.
  • He died in 1530.

• Akbar:
  • He was born in 1542 at Amarkot.
  • He fought the second battle of Panipat in 1556 with Hemu and he defeated Hemu.
  • He abolished the religious tax Jizya.
  • He founded a new religion "Din-i- Allahi".
  • His biography was written by Abul Fazal " Ain-i-Akbari".
• Raja Bhoj:
  • He was a famous scholar and poet of Sanskrit.
  • He ruled 'Dhar' from 1000 AD to 1055 AD.
  • He was a descendant of "Chakravarti Emperor Vikramaditya".
  • He was born in 980 AD in Ujjaini, the city of Maharaja Vikramaditya.
  • He made 'Dhar' his new capital in place of 'Ujjain'.​

The position values of the letters, according to the English alphabet series:

The Pattern followed here is;

Hence, the correct answer is "PKHD".

An achievement exam is a test of acquired skill or knowledge. The most common type of achievement test is a standardized exam designed to assess skills and information acquired in a certain grade level, usually through organized teaching, such as training or classroom instruction.

ExplanationAn achievement test is a type of assessment that is used to determine a person's level of ability, accomplishment, or understanding in a certain field.

• Achievement tests are assessments that assist pupils to learn about the success or failure of the courses and abilities taught in school.
• The achievement test demonstrates the individual's ability to achieve.
• Achievement exams are distinct from aptitude tests in that they have a particular objective. An achievement exam is used to assess a person's ability, accomplishment, or understanding in a certain field.
• Teachers may use achievement exams to learn about their students' strengths and weaknesses in various areas and talents, allowing them to better prepare them for various contests.
• Achievement assessment test include things like spelling bees, timed math examinations, and map quizzes. Each assesses students' ability to demonstrate their understanding of a certain academic subject or skill. In schools, small-scale achievement exams like this are common.

As a result, the statement "The achievement test does not demonstrate the individual's ability to achieve." is incorrect regarding achievement test.

Other Related Points

• Questions on the accomplishment exam are meant to quantify the amount of achievement and assess a person's development. An achievement test is a type of assessment that is used to determine a person's level of ability, accomplishment, or knowledge in a certain field.
• An achievement exam is used to assess a person's ability, accomplishment, or understanding in a certain field. The achievement test reveals how far you've come. Achievement tests are vulnerable to variation according to culture, educational exposures, and experience, and they must be standardized for social factors. An accomplishment exam analyses a person's current performance to see how he or has learned over time and what he has learned.

Inclusive education is defined as a learning environment that encourages all students to reach their full potential in terms of personal, academic, and professional growth regardless of race, class, color, gender, disability, or language.

ExplanationPrinciples of inclusive education-

• Inclusive education allows students to form friendships with their peers and experience less social anxiety as a result of their backgrounds or disabilities.
• It provides equal educational benefits for all types of students.
• It emphasizes no discrimination between students.
• Individual differences among children are a source of variety and diversity, rather than a source of conflict.
• Children with special educational needs (SEN) having visual, hearing locomotor, or intellectual disabilities, a learner from disadvantaged and deprived communities learn more in a regular classroom environment with the help of inclusive education.

Hence, we conclude that according to contemporary policies of education, inclusive education is the most suggested model of schooling for children with disabilities.

Other Related Points

• Vocational education refers to the education that prepares people to work as technicians, tradespeople, or artisans in a skilled craft or trade.
• Separate education refers to the practice of instructing children with special education needs in separate buildings or schools.

Memory refers to the ability to retain information and reproduce it over some time when required to perform a cognitive task.

It has been conceptualized as a process comprised of three stages;

(i) encoding, (ii) storage, and (iii) retrieval.

Explanation

Memory in a system is the electronic holding place (storage). Memory is used to store not only the data but also the programs. The memory of a computer is divided into many similar cells or locations, each of which is individually addressable.

Long-Term Memory

• It is long-term memory (LTM) through which you perform many activities in life and adapt to different situations. It is LTM to which you refer when you speak, read, recognize faces, play football and suddenly remember where you put the key to the room that you could not find before.
• The information is stored for a short period and then gets deleted. Therefore, it is also called inactive memory.

Other Related Points

Sensory Memory

• This receives information from the various sensory receptors in the environment. Here, the information is held for a very brief period, perhaps a few seconds.

Short-Term Memory

• Some memory holds information for fairly short intervals – say up to a minute and this is known as short-term memory.

Hence, we can conclude that Long-term memory is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Individual rights and social control.

Explanation

• Social justice is the balance between Individual rights and social control.
  • Social justice refers to a political and philosophical theory that focuses on the concept of fairness and equal access to wealth, opportunities, and social privileges in relations between individuals in society.
  • Social justice is the view that every individual is entitled to equal economic, political, and social rights and opportunities.
  • Social workers aim to open doors of access and opportunity to everyone, especially those who need it most.
  • Social justice includes economic justice.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key points Constituent Assembly

• Formation
  • In 1934, M.N. Roy proposed the idea of a constituent assembly.
  • The demand was taken up by the Congress Party in 1935 as an official demand.
  • The British accepted this in the August Offer of 1940.
  • ​​Under the Cabinet Mission plan of 1946, elections were held for the formation of the constituent assembly. Hence Option 3 is incorrect.
• Elections ​​​
  • The members of this assembly were elected indirectly, i.e., by the members of the provincial assemblies by the method of a single transferable vote of proportional representation. Hence Option 2 is correct
• ​ Other facts
  • There was no role played by the Muslim League in the constituent assembly as it had boycotted this meeting citing their demand for partition. Hence Option 1 is incorrect.
  • BN Rau was the constitutional advisor. Hence Option 4 is incorrect.
  • Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was the first temporary chairman of the Constituent Assembly. Later Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the President​

Other Related Points

• Committees of Constituent Assembly​​
  • Drafting Committee - Dr.B R Ambedkar
  • Union Constitution Committee - Jawaharlal Nehru
  • Union Powers Committee - Jawaharlal Nehru
  • Steering Committee - Rajendra Prasad
  • Rules of Procedure Committee - Rajendra Prasad
  • Provincial Constitution Committee - Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

The correct answer is Foreign Policy.

Important Points

• Kautilya propounded his Mandala Theory in his famous work named Arthashastra.
• He gave this theory for any prospective king who wishes to rule over the world.
• Kautilya played an important role in instituting Mauryan Dynasty at the throne of Magadha in 4th Century BC.
• He guided King Chandragupta Maurya to overthrow the ruling dynast and gain the seat of Magadha.

Thus we can conclude that Kautilya's model theory related to foreign policy.

Other Related Points Mandala Theory of Kautilya:

• In this system, Kautilya advocated six-fold policy to interact with the neighbors, which included co-existence, neutrality, alliance, double policy, march and war.
• To achieve this he advised the king to resort to five tactics:
  • conciliation,
  • gift and bribery,
  • dissention,
  • deceit and pretense,
  • open attack or war.

The correct answer is George H Sabine.Explanation

• George H Sabine was Pioneer in Traditional Perspective of Political Theory
• He is best known for his authoritative work "A History of Political Theory", which traces the growth of political thought from the times of Plato to modern fascism and nazism.
• Traditional approach involves the prescription and justification of political ideals or values, the historical description of governmental institutions and laws and observations of actions and activities
• The adherents of this approach believe that the study of political science should not be based on facts alone since facts and values are closely related to each other.

Thus Traditional Perspective of Political theory given by George H. Sabine.

The correct answer is at the commencement of the first session after the general election and at the first session of each year.

Explanation

• Article 176 defines a Special address by the Governor.
• At the commencement of the first session after each general election to the Legislative Assembly and at the commencement of the first session of each year, the Governor shall address the Legislative Assembly or, in the case of a State having a Legislative Council, both Houses assembled and inform the Legislature of the causes of its summons. Hence option 3 is correct.
• Provision shall be made by the rules regulating the procedure of the House or either House for the allotment of time for discussion of the matters referred to in such address.

Important Points

• Commonly referred to as the President’s or Governor’s Address, they are a constitutional requirement.
• The Constitution gives the President and the Governor the power to address a sitting of the legislature. The special power is concerning two occasions.
• The first is to address the opening session of a new legislature after a general election.
• The second is to address the first sitting of the legislature each year.
• A session of a new or a continuing legislature cannot begin without fulfilling this requirement.
• When the Constitution came into force, the President was required to address each session of Parliament.
• So during the provisional Parliament in 1950, the President gave an address for all three sessions. At the suggestion of Speaker G V Mavalankar, the first Constitutional Amendment in 1951 changed this position.
• Besides being a constitutional requirement, the President’s or Governor’s Address is keenly watched as it outlines the government’s policy agenda and stands on issues.

The correct answer is New York.

Explanation

• United Nations Organisation:
  • The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945.
  • Currently, it is made up of 193 Member States,
  • The most recent state to join is South Sudan, which was recognized as an independent nation in 2011.
  • The United Nations is neither a supra-State nor a government of governments. It does not have an army and it imposes no taxes.
  • It depends on the political will of its Member States to have its decisions put into action and relies on the contributions of its Members to carry out its activities.
  • The United Nations (UN) has six main organs.
  • Five of them — the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, and the Secretariat — are based at UN Headquarters in New York.
  • The sixth, the International Court of Justice, is located at The Hague in the Netherlands.

Totalitarianism is a form of state that does not allow for individuals to have freedom and it subordinates the lives of its individuals by having authority over them.

Explanation Totalitarianism

• It is a recent species of autocracy, which is characterized by the concentration of power in a single centre, be it an individual dictator or a group of power holders such as a committee or party leadership.
• This centre relies on force to suppress opposition and limit social developments that might eventuate in opposition.
• The power of the centre is not subject to effective controls or limited by genuine sanctions: it is absolute power.

Thus we can say that totalitarianism points "All within the State, none outside the State, none against the State".

Other Related Points Welfare State:

• The welfare state was adopted as many European nations' preferred model in the Aftermath Of World War ii.
• The system was widely regarded as combining the best elements of free-market capitalism and communism.
• The main idea of the welfare state is that the government should play a vital role in human development.

Democratic state:

• Democratic states are those governed by the rule of law, through an elected and representative government, with access to decision-making for all social groups.

Class Structure:

• According to traditional Marxists, the state is controlled by the dominant economic class and used as an instrument of exploitation and as an agency of class coercion.
• Marx has said that the capitalist mode of production has simplified the class structure of society and also the class antagonisms.
• Then chiefly two types of classes in any antagonistic class divided society bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

The correct answer is The Council of Ministers.

Explanation

• A no-confidence motion is a parliamentary motion that is moved in the Lok Sabha against the entire council of ministers, stating that they are no longer deemed fit to hold positions of responsibility due to their inadequacy in some respect or their failure to carry out their obligations.
• No prior reason needs to be stated for its adoption in the Lok Sabha.
• A motion of “No Confidence Motion” against the Government can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha under rule 198.

Other Related Points

• Procedure to move a “No Confidence Motion”:
  1. A motion of No Confidence can be admitted when a minimum of 50 members, support the motion in the house.
  2. The Speaker then, once satisfied that the motion is in order, will ask the House if the motion can be adopted.
  3. If the motion is passed in the house, the Government is bound to vacate the office.
  4. A no-confidence motion needs a majority vote to pass the House.

The correct answer is Option 1

ExplanationDefinition of State :

• In political science, the term State has a more specific and definite meaning.
  • The word State means a community or society politically organized under one independent government within a definite territory.
  • It alone has the prerogative of making laws.
  • The law-making power derives from sovereignty, which is the most distinctive characteristic of the State. Hence, Option 1 is correct.
• The state has four essential elements.
  • These are population, territory, government, and sovereignty (or independence).
  • The state can be defined as the centralized, law-making, law-enforcing, politically sovereign institution in society.
  • Put briefly and simply, the State Comprises a set of institutions with ultimate control over the means of violence and coercion within a given territory; Monopolizes rule-making within the territory;
  • Develops the structures for the implementation of the rules and Regulates market activity within the territory.

The correct answer is option 1.

Explanation

• Indian President's election -
  • The election is conducted by the Election Commission of India (EC).
  • The electoral college is made up of all elected members of the Upper and Lower Houses of Parliament (Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha MPs) and elected members of the Legislative Assemblies (MLAs) of the States and Union Territories.

Other Related Points

• Constitutional provisions related to the election of the President -
  • Article 54 - Election of the President.
  • Article 55 - Procedure for election of President.
  • Article 56 - Term of office of the President.
  • Article 58 - Qualification for election as President.

The correct answer is Morarji Desai.

• Morarji Desai, Chief Minister of erstwhile Bombay State during 1952-56, became the first non-Congress in 1977.​

Explanation

• He became the Prime Minister of India after the Emergency that had taken place during the time of Indira Gandhi and he was also the second Deputy Prime Minister when Indira Gandhi was Prime Minister.​

Other Related Points

• Other chief Ministers who became Prime Ministers-
  • Charan Singh-He was the Chief Minister of undivided Uttar Pradesh in 1967-1968 and again in 1970.
  • Vishwanath Pratap Singh- He was also from Uttar Pradesh and became Prime Minister of India in the short-lived National Front government (Dec. 1989- Nov.1990).
  • P. V. Narsimha Rao- he was the first Prime Minister from South India, who held the post from 1991-1996, was the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh.
  • H.D. Deve Gowda- He was the Chief Minister of Karnataka when he became Prime minister of India in 1996.

The correct answer is It gives advisory opinion to the President of India.

Explanation

• High Court
  • Can hear appeals from lower courts.
  • Can issue writs for restoring Fundamental Rights.
  • Can deal with cases within the jurisdiction of the State.
  • Exercises superintendence and control over courts below it.

Important Points

• Supreme Court of India
  • Its decisions are binding on all courts.
  • Can transfer Judges of High Courts.
  • Can move cases from any court to itself.
  • Can transfer cases from one High Court to another.
  • The President can seek advice from the Supreme Court of India under Article 143 of the Indian Constitution.
    • ​It allows President to take advice from the Supreme Court on any question of law or fact of public importance.
    • The advice given by the Supreme Court is not binding on the President.
    • The President is free to follow or not to follow the advice.
• District Court
  • Deals with cases arising in the District.
  • Considers appeals on decisions given by lower courts.
  • Decides cases involving serious criminal offences.
• Subordinate Courts
  • Consider cases of civil and criminal nature.

The correct answer is The legislature.

Explanation

• In a parliamentary system, the executive is responsible to the elected legislature.

Other Related Points

• ​Parliamentary System -
  • The parliamentary system of government is responsible to the legislature.
  • In this system, the head of the state and the head of the government are separate persons.
  • The executive is the main ruler.
  • India has a parliamentary system of government.
  • The parliamentary government system is also called a cabinet system of government or a responsible system of government.
• Presidential System -
  • In this system, often the head of the state is also the head of the government (executive).
  • More importantly, in the presidential system, the executive does not derive its democratic legitimacy from the legislature.
  • In this system, the President is the ruler.

The correct answer is Financial instability.

Explanation

• In India, a state of emergency is a period of government that the president may declare in particular emergency situations.
• The President may disobey a number of articles of the Indian Constitution, which protects citizens' Fundamental Rights, on the advice of the cabinet of ministers.
• The emergency provisions are found in Articles 352 to 360 of Part XVIII of the Indian Constitution. These laws give the Central government the ability to handle any unusual event successfully.
• The purpose of incorporation is to protect the Constitution, the democratic political system, and the sovereignty, unity, integrity, and security of the nation.
• Three categories of emergencies are listed in the Constitution:
  • National Emergency
  • Constitutional Emergency
  • Financial Emergency
• When war, external aggression, or armed rebellion threaten the security of India or a portion of it, the president is authorised by Article 352 to proclaim a national emergency.
• Even before a war, armed insurrection, or external assault takes place, the President may declare a national emergency.
  • The term "External Emergency" refers to a national emergency that is declared due to "war" or "external attack."
  • On the other hand, it is referred to as a "internal emergency" when it is declared due to a "armed insurrection". This definition of "armed revolt" comes from the 44th Amendment. It was previously referred to as an internal disturbance.

Other Related Points

• Financial Emergency(Article 360)
  • According to Article 360, the president may declare a financial emergency if he is confident that a situation has developed that threatens India's financial stability or credit in whole or in any part of its territory.
  • A proclamation stating a financial emergency must be authorised by both Houses of Parliament and must be in effect for two months after it is issued.
  • However, if the declaration of a financial emergency is made at a time when the Lok Sabha has already been dissolved or during the two-month period prior to the dissolution without the proclamation receiving approval, the declaration will remain in effect until 30 days after the first meeting of the newly reconstituted Lok Sabha, provided the Rajya Sabha has approved it in the interim.
  • The Financial Emergency remains in effect after being authorised by both chambers of Parliament until it is withdrawn.
• Effects of Financial Emergency
  • expansion of the Union's executive power over the States' financial affairs.
  • reduction in the pay and benefits received by all or certain classes of state employees.
  • After being approved by the state legislature, all money bills and other financial bills are reserved for the president's approval.
  • The Supreme Court and High Court judges, as well as any other class of employees who serve the Union, are to have their salaries and benefits reduced, according to a directive from the President.

The correct answer is The Parliament of India.

Explanation

• According to Article 124(1), the Supreme Court of India shall be composed of the Chief Justice of India and, until Parliament specifies a greater number by legislation, no more than seven other judges.
• According to Article 124(2), the President shall appoint each judge of the Supreme Court by warrant under his hand and seal following consultation with such a number of Supreme Court and High Court judges (in states).
• Thus, If it is essential, the Parliament has the authority to raise the number of judges.

Other Related Points

• On August 5, 2019, Mr. Ravi Shankar Prasad, the Minister of Law and Justice, introduced the Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Bill, 2019 in the Lok Sabha.
• The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Act of 1956 was amended by the Bill.
• The Act establishes a cap of 30 judges for the Supreme Court (excluding the Chief Justice of India).
• The strength will expand from 31 to 34 judges, including the Chief Justice of India after the Cabinet decided to increase it by 10%.

The correct is to the assembly.

• The Council of Ministers of a State is collectively responsible to the elected Legislative Assembly of the State.
  • The Constitution regulates the sharing of legislative power between the Parliament and the State Legislatures and provides for the vesting of residuary powers in the Parliament.
  • The basic principle of the functioning of the parliamentary system of government is the principle of collective responsibility.
  • Article 164 states that the Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly of the State.

Other Related Points

• The Chief Minister will be appointed by the Governor and other ministers will be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister.
  • The total number of ministers including the Chief Minister in the Council of Ministers in a state should not exceed 15 percent of the total strength of the Legislative Assembly of that state.
  • A member of either House of the State Legislature belonging to any political party who is disqualified on the ground of defection shall also be ineligible to be appointed as a Minister.

The correct answer is 2007.

• Punchi Commission on Centre-State Relations was constituted in the year 2007.
• The commission was headed by Justice Madan Mohan Punchhi.
• Justice Madan Mohan Punchhi was the 28^th Chief Justice of India.
• The commission was appointed on 27^th April 2007.
• The commission originally had four members:
  1. Justice Punchhi (Chairman).
  2. Dhirendra Singh.
  3. V K Duggal.
  4. N R Madhava Menon.
• The Commission examined and reviewed the working of the existing arrangements between the Union and States.
• The Commission made 273 recommendations in its seven-volume report.
• The Commission submitted its final report on 30^th March 2010.
• The prime objective of the Commission was to examine the expected roles, responsibilities and jurisdiction of the Centre during prolonged and major outbreaks of caste-based violence, communal violence and other social conflicts.

The Correct Answer is Option (1) i.e. Setalvad Committee.

• The Setalvad committee was appointed in 1966 by the Administrative Reforms Commission (1966-69).
• The committee was established to study and make recommendations for the improvement of Centre-State relations.
• The committee recommended giving more autonomy to the states within the limits of the Constitution.

Poverty Estimation in India (Committees)

The correct answer is Maldives.

Explanation

• RBI has signed a Currency Swap Agreement with the Maldives Monetary Authority under the SAARC Currency Swap Framework.
• This agreement will enable the Maldives authority to make drawls in multiple tranches up to a maximum of 200 million dollars from the RBI.
• The agreement will provide swap support as a backstop line of funding for short-term foreign exchange liquidity requirements.

Other Related Points

• RBI:
  • Governor - Shaktikanta Das.
  • Headquarters - Mumbai.
  • Founded: 1 April 1935, Kolkata.
  • The Bank publishes two statutory reports, the Annual Report of the Bank and the Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India.
  • It also publishes Financial Stability Report.

Aristotle defines virtue as a mean between two extremes.

Important Points

• Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who lived around 350 BCE.
• Along with studying philosophy, Aristotle was a writer, a biologist, and a geologist.
• He was a student of Plato and is known for his ideas on politics, government, and often most notably, ethics and virtue.
• Aristotle defines virtue as the average or mean between two extremes ie excess and deficiency.
• Basically, he says, the idea of virtue is ''all things in moderation.''
• Humans should enjoy existence, but not be selfish.
• They should avoid pain and displeasure, but not expect a life completely void of them.

• By striving to live this virtuous life of moderation, human beings can find happiness and, therefore, be ethical.

Hence we can conclude that Aristotle defines virtue as a mean between two extremes.

The Lokpal Bill of 1989 also had Prime Minister under its Jurisdiction.

Explanation

• In India, the former law minister Ashok Kumar Sen became the first Indian to propose the concept of a constitutional Ombudsman in Parliament in the early 1960s.
• Dr. L. M. Singhvi coined the term Lokpal and Lokayukta.
• In the year 1966, the First Administrative Reform Commission passed recommendations regarding the setting up of two independent authorities at the central and at the state level.
• According to the commission’s recommendation, the two independent authorities were appointed to look into complaints against public functionaries, including members of Parliament as well.
• The first time Parliament heard about Lokpal was in May 1968 when Indira Gandhi was prime minister.
• The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Bill 1968, did not have either the prime minister or MPs under its purview.
• Indira Gandhi was still the prime minister in August 1971 when the bill was again introduced in Parliament. The 1971 legislation was never referred to any committee and it lapsed after the Lok Sabha was dissolved.
• Under Rajiv Gandhi, the Lok Sabha took up the bill once again in 1985 and it was referred to a joint select committee. Later, the bill was withdrawn by the government.
• The government under V.P. Singh was the next to bring a Lokpal Bill in the ninth Lok Sabha and it was sent to a parliamentary standing committee in 1989.

• In 1989, V.P. Singh agreed to have prime ministers under the law's purview. But the bill lapsed due to the dissolution of the Lok Sabha.

Hence, we can conclude that the Lokpal Bill of 1989 also had Prime Minister under its Jurisdiction.

Other Related Points

• The protests and the movement resulted in the passing of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Bill, 2013, in both the Houses of Parliament.
• The bill received assent from President on 1 January 2014 and came into force on 16 January 2014 under the name “The Lokpal and Lokayukta Act 2013”.
• After the introduction of the Lokpal and Lokayukta Act 2013, a bill was passed by Parliament in July 2016 which amended the Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013.
• This amendment enabled the leader of the single largest opposition party in the Lok Sabha to become a member of the selection committee in the absence of a recognized leader of the Opposition.