NABARD Practice Test - 4 - Bank Exams MCQ

In each question, relationship between different elements is shown in the statements. The statements are followed by conclusions. Study the conclusions based on the given statement and select the appropriate answer.

Statements:

P ≥ S ≥ C ≤ U; N ≥ S < G ; C ≤ M

Conclusion

I. P ≥ N
II.M < S

In each question, relationship between different elements is shown in the statements. The statements are followed by conclusions. Study the conclusions based on the given statement and select the appropriate answer. Give answer

Statements:

J < K = L ≥ M ≥ P; F ≥ K < G

Conclusion

I. J < G
II.F ≥ P

Study the following information carefully and answer the given question.

Eight-person A,B,C ,D ,E, F, G and H are sitting around a circular table in a meeting. Some are facing the centre while some are facing outside the centre. They also work in different companies viz. Wipro, Glenmark, Google, Bank of America, Infosys, IBM, Yahoo and Facebook.

A sits third to the right of C. There is one person sitting between A and B. D sits fourth to right of B. The person who works with Google sits second to the right of D. A does not work with Google. Three persons sit between the person who works with Google and Facebook. The person who works with Wipro sits second to the right of the person who works with Facebook. D does not work with Wipro. The person who work with IBM sits third to the right of the person who work with Wipro. C work with IBM. There are two people sitting between D and E. There are three people sitting between the person who work with Infosys and Bank of America. E does not work with Infosys or Bank of America. There is one person sitting between the person who work with Bank of America and Glenmark. The person who work with Google sits third to the right of the person who work with Glenmark. The person who work with Yahoo sits third to the right of the person who work with Bank of America. G sits fourth to right of the person who work with Infosys. F is not the immediate neighbour of G. The person who work with Infosys sits third to the left of the person who work with Google and both faces the same direction.(Same direction means if one faces centre then other also faces the centre and vice-versa). E faces opposite the centre. A work with Facebook.

Q. 

Who among the following works with Google?

Eight-person A,B,C ,D ,E, F, G and H are sitting around a circular table in a meeting. Some are facing the centre while some are facing outside the centre. They also work in different companies viz. Wipro, Glenmark, Google, Bank of America, Infosys, IBM, Yahoo and Facebook.

A sits third to the right of C. There is one person sitting between A and B. D sits fourth to right of B. The person who works with Google sits second to the right of D. A does not work with Google. Three persons sit between the person who works with Google and Facebook. The person who works with Wipro sits second to the right of the person who works with Facebook. D does not work with Wipro. The person who work with IBM sits third to the right of the person who work with Wipro. C work with IBM. There are two people sitting between D and E. There are three people sitting between the person who work with Infosys and Bank of America. E does not work with Infosys or Bank of America. There is one person sitting between the person who work with Bank of America and Glenmark. The person who work with Google sits third to the right of the person who work with Glenmark. The person who work with Yahoo sits third to the right of the person who work with Bank of America. G sits fourth to right of the person who work with Infosys. F is not the immediate neighbour of G. The person who work with Infosys sits third to the left of the person who work with Google and both faces the same direction.(Same direction means if one faces centre then other also faces the centre and vice-versa). E faces opposite the centre. A work with Facebook.

Q. If E is related to C and B is related to D, in the same way, A is related to?

Eight-person A,B,C ,D ,E, F, G and H are sitting around a circular table in a meeting. Some are facing the centre while some are facing outside the centre. They also work in different companies viz. Wipro, Glenmark, Google, Bank of America, Infosys, IBM, Yahoo and Facebook.

A sits third to the right of C. There is one person sitting between A and B. D sits fourth to right of B. The person who works with Google sits second to the right of D. A does not work with Google. Three persons sit between the person who works with Google and Facebook. The person who works with Wipro sits second to the right of the person who works with Facebook. D does not work with Wipro. The person who work with IBM sits third to the right of the person who work with Wipro. C work with IBM. There are two people sitting between D and E. There are three people sitting between the person who work with Infosys and Bank of America. E does not work with Infosys or Bank of America. There is one person sitting between the person who work with Bank of America and Glenmark. The person who work with Google sits third to the right of the person who work with Glenmark. The person who work with Yahoo sits third to the right of the person who work with Bank of America. G sits fourth to right of the person who work with Infosys. F is not the immediate neighbour of G. The person who work with Infosys sits third to the left of the person who work with Google and both faces the same direction.(Same direction means if one faces centre then other also faces the centre and vice-versa). E faces opposite the centre. A work with Facebook.

Q. Who among the following sits third to the right of the person who work with Facebook?

Eight-person A,B,C ,D ,E, F, G and H are sitting around a circular table in a meeting. Some are facing the centre while some are facing outside the centre. They also work in different companies viz. Wipro, Glenmark, Google, Bank of America, Infosys, IBM, Yahoo and Facebook.

A sits third to the right of C. There is one person sitting between A and B. D sits fourth to right of B. The person who works with Google sits second to the right of D. A does not work with Google. Three persons sit between the person who works with Google and Facebook. The person who works with Wipro sits second to the right of the person who works with Facebook. D does not work with Wipro. The person who work with IBM sits third to the right of the person who work with Wipro. C work with IBM. There are two people sitting between D and E. There are three people sitting between the person who work with Infosys and Bank of America. E does not work with Infosys or Bank of America. There is one person sitting between the person who work with Bank of America and Glenmark. The person who work with Google sits third to the right of the person who work with Glenmark. The person who work with Yahoo sits third to the right of the person who work with Bank of America. G sits fourth to right of the person who work with Infosys. F is not the immediate neighbour of G. The person who work with Infosys sits third to the left of the person who work with Google and both faces the same direction.(Same direction means if one faces centre then other also faces the centre and vice-versa). E faces opposite the centre. A work with Facebook.

Q. Which of the following is correctly matched?

Eight-person A,B,C ,D ,E, F, G and H are sitting around a circular table in a meeting. Some are facing the centre while some are facing outside the centre. They also work in different companies viz. Wipro, Glenmark, Google, Bank of America, Infosys, IBM, Yahoo and Facebook.

A sits third to the right of C. There is one person sitting between A and B. D sits fourth to right of B. The person who works with Google sits second to the right of D. A does not work with Google. Three persons sit between the person who works with Google and Facebook. The person who works with Wipro sits second to the right of the person who works with Facebook. D does not work with Wipro. The person who work with IBM sits third to the right of the person who work with Wipro. C work with IBM. There are two people sitting between D and E. There are three people sitting between the person who work with Infosys and Bank of America. E does not work with Infosys or Bank of America. There is one person sitting between the person who work with Bank of America and Glenmark. The person who work with Google sits third to the right of the person who work with Glenmark. The person who work with Yahoo sits third to the right of the person who work with Bank of America. G sits fourth to right of the person who work with Infosys. F is not the immediate neighbour of G. The person who work with Infosys sits third to the left of the person who work with Google and both faces the same direction.(Same direction means if one faces centre then other also faces the centre and vice-versa). E faces opposite the centre. A work with Facebook.

Q. Who sits opposite to person who work with Wipro?

If word CIRCUMLOCUTION is coded as LMUCRICOCUTION then how UNENCUMBERED will be coded as

Vipul put his timepiece on the table in such a way that at 3 am, hour hand points to South. In which direction the minute hand will point at 12:20 pm?

If word MOMENTRECORD is coded as @&@#%*(#!&(/ then how will be MENTOR coded as

In a certain coded language PURPLE is coded as TXRGOR, then how is POLITY coded in that coded language

From the given alternatives select the word which cannot be formed using the letters of the given word REASONING

Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:

Kevin, Henry, Tanya, Rick, Susan, Jesse, Tailor, and Jim are eight persons. Each of them visits different cities, which are Dispur, Bangalore, Mumbai, New Delhi, Bhopal, Odisha, Chennai, and Jaipur. Each of them has a different choice of cuisine-Assyrian, Gujarati, Punjabi, Chinese, Thai, Garhwali, South Indian, and Continental but not necessarily in the same order.

(i) Kevin, who likes South Indian, visits neither Jaipur nor Bhopal.

(ii) Henry visits New Delhi and does not like either Assyrian or Punjabi.

(iii)The one who visits Dispur likes Chinese.

(iv) The one who likes Continental visits Bangalore and the one who visits Chennai likes Gujarati.

(v) Jim doesn’t like Thai.

(vi) Susan and Jesse like Gujarati and Garhwali, though not necessarily in the same order.

(vii) Rick likes Continental.

(viii) Tailor visits Odisha and doesn’t like Assyrian.

(ix)The one who visits Bhopal likes Garhwali.

(x) Tanya doesn’t visit Jaipur.

(xi) The one who visits Mumbai doesn’t like either Punjabi or Thai.

Q. Who among of the following likes Continental?

Kevin, Henry, Tanya, Rick, Susan, Jesse, Tailor, and Jim are eight persons. Each of them visits different cities, which are Dispur, Bangalore, Mumbai, New Delhi, Bhopal, Odisha, Chennai, and Jaipur. Each of them has a different choice of cuisine-Assyrian, Gujarati, Punjabi, Chinese, Thai, Garhwali, South Indian, and Continental but not necessarily in the same order.

(i) Kevin, who likes South Indian, visits neither Jaipur nor Bhopal.

(ii) Henry visits New Delhi and does not like either Assyrian or Punjabi.

(iii)The one who visits Dispur likes Chinese.

(iv) The one who likes Continental visits Bangalore and the one who visits Chennai likes Gujarati.

(v) Jim doesn’t like Thai.

(vi) Susan and Jesse like Gujarati and Garhwali, though not necessarily in the same order.

(vii) Rick likes Continental.

(viii) Tailor visits Odisha and doesn’t like Assyrian.

(ix)The one who visits Bhopal likes Garhwali.

(x) Tanya doesn’t visit Jaipur.

(xi) The one who visits Mumbai doesn’t like either Punjabi or Thai.

Q. Who among of the following visits Jaipur?

Kevin, Henry, Tanya, Rick, Susan, Jesse, Tailor, and Jim are eight persons. Each of them visits different cities, which are Dispur, Bangalore, Mumbai, New Delhi, Bhopal, Odisha, Chennai, and Jaipur. Each of them has a different choice of cuisine-Assyrian, Gujarati, Punjabi, Chinese, Thai, Garhwali, South Indian, and Continental but not necessarily in the same order.

(i) Kevin, who likes South Indian, visits neither Jaipur nor Bhopal.

(ii) Henry visits New Delhi and does not like either Assyrian or Punjabi.

(iii)The one who visits Dispur likes Chinese.

(iv) The one who likes Continental visits Bangalore and the one who visits Chennai likes Gujarati.

(v) Jim doesn’t like Thai.

(vi) Susan and Jesse like Gujarati and Garhwali, though not necessarily in the same order.

(vii) Rick likes Continental.

(viii) Tailor visits Odisha and doesn’t like Assyrian.

(ix)The one who visits Bhopal likes Garhwali.

(x) Tanya doesn’t visit Jaipur.

(xi) The one who visits Mumbai doesn’t like either Punjabi or Thai.

Q. Tanya visits which of the following cities?

Kevin, Henry, Tanya, Rick, Susan, Jesse, Tailor, and Jim are eight persons. Each of them visits different cities, which are Dispur, Bangalore, Mumbai, New Delhi, Bhopal, Odisha, Chennai, and Jaipur. Each of them has a different choice of cuisine-Assyrian, Gujarati, Punjabi, Chinese, Thai, Garhwali, South Indian, and Continental but not necessarily in the same order.

(i) Kevin, who likes South Indian, visits neither Jaipur nor Bhopal.

(ii) Henry visits New Delhi and does not like either Assyrian or Punjabi.

(iii)The one who visits Dispur likes Chinese.

(iv) The one who likes Continental visits Bangalore and the one who visits Chennai likes Gujarati.

(v) Jim doesn’t like Thai.

(vi) Susan and Jesse like Gujarati and Garhwali, though not necessarily in the same order.

(vii) Rick likes Continental.

(viii) Tailor visits Odisha and doesn’t like Assyrian.

(ix)The one who visits Bhopal likes Garhwali.

(x) Tanya doesn’t visit Jaipur.

(xi) The one who visits Mumbai doesn’t like either Punjabi or Thai.

Q. Which of the following combinations is definitely correct?

Kevin, Henry, Tanya, Rick, Susan, Jesse, Tailor, and Jim are eight persons. Each of them visits different cities, which are Dispur, Bangalore, Mumbai, New Delhi, Bhopal, Odisha, Chennai, and Jaipur. Each of them has a different choice of cuisine-Assyrian, Gujarati, Punjabi, Chinese, Thai, Garhwali, South Indian, and Continental but not necessarily in the same order.

(i) Kevin, who likes South Indian, visits neither Jaipur nor Bhopal.

(ii) Henry visits New Delhi and does not like either Assyrian or Punjabi.

(iii)The one who visits Dispur likes Chinese.

(iv) The one who likes Continental visits Bangalore and the one who visits Chennai likes Gujarati.

(v) Jim doesn’t like Thai.

(vi) Susan and Jesse like Gujarati and Garhwali, though not necessarily in the same order.

(vii) Rick likes Continental.

(viii) Tailor visits Odisha and doesn’t like Assyrian.

(ix)The one who visits Bhopal likes Garhwali.

(x) Tanya doesn’t visit Jaipur.

(xi) The one who visits Mumbai doesn’t like either Punjabi or Thai.

Q. Which of the following cuisine Tailor likes?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/ Phrases have underline to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.

The  hesitation shown by the Central government  in deciding upon full legal protection for one of its most prized natural assets, the Western Ghats in their totality, is a major disappointment. The idea that whatever is left of these fragile mountainous forests should be protected from unsustainable exploitation in the interests of present and future generations, while presenting sustainable ways of living to the communities that inhabit these landscapes, is being lost sight of. Quite unscientifically, the issue is being framed as one of development-versus-conservation. Given the weak effort at forging a consensus, there is little purpose in the Centre returning to the drawing board with another draft notification to identify ecologically sensitive areas. What it needs is a framework under which scientific evidence and public concerns are debated democratically and the baseline for ESAs arrived at. It is accepted, for instance, that the Ghats play an irreplaceable role in mediating the monsoon over the country and the forests harbor a rich biodiversity that has not even been fully studied. New species continue to emerge each year in an area that has endemic plants and animals, although, as the scientist Norman Myers wrote nearly two decades ago, only 6.8% of primary vegetation out of the original 182,500 sq km remains in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka taken together. The ecologically sensitive nature of the forests stretching 1,600 km along the western coast as a global biodiversity hotspot was emphasized by the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel headed by MadhavGadgil, while for conservation purposes, the Kasturirangan Committee identified only a third of the total area. Both expert groups have encountered resistance from State governments and industries, although they mutually differ in their recommendations.

The question that needs speedy resolution is how much of the Western Ghats can be demarcated as ecologically sensitive, going beyond the system of national parks and sanctuaries that already exist. As a corollary, are other areas free to be exploited for industrial activity, including mining and deforestation, with no environmental consequences? A frequently cited example of destruction is the loss of ecology in Goa due to rampant, illegal mining. More complicated is the assessment of ecosystem services delivered by the forests, lakes, rivers and their biodiversity to communities. Mr. Gadgil, for instance, has underscored the unique value of some locations, such as those with fish or medicinal plant diversity peculiar to a small area, which should not get lost in the assessment process. All this points to the need for wider and more open consultation with people at all levels, imbuing the process with scientific insights. The sooner this is done the better. Several options to spare sensitive areas will emerge, such as community-led ecological tourism and agro-ecological farming. A national consultative process is urgently called for.

An inference statement from this passage is mentioned below. Select the correct answer option based on the facts and other information mentioned in this passage

Q. Statement : Of the ecologically sensitive nature of the forests stretching upto 1,600 km, the Kasturirangan Committee recommended that a third of the total area should be included in the national parks and sanctuaries.

The  hesitation shown by the Central government  in deciding upon full legal protection for one of its most prized natural assets, the Western Ghats in their totality, is a major disappointment. The idea that whatever is left of these fragile mountainous forests should be protected from unsustainable exploitation in the interests of present and future generations, while presenting sustainable ways of living to the communities that inhabit these landscapes, is being lost sight of. Quite unscientifically, the issue is being framed as one of development-versus-conservation. Given the weak effort at forging a consensus, there is little purpose in the Centre returning to the drawing board with another draft notification to identify ecologically sensitive areas. What it needs is a framework under which scientific evidence and public concerns are debated democratically and the baseline for ESAs arrived at. It is accepted, for instance, that the Ghats play an irreplaceable role in mediating the monsoon over the country and the forests harbor a rich biodiversity that has not even been fully studied. New species continue to emerge each year in an area that has endemic plants and animals, although, as the scientist Norman Myers wrote nearly two decades ago, only 6.8% of primary vegetation out of the original 182,500 sq km remains in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka taken together. The ecologically sensitive nature of the forests stretching 1,600 km along the western coast as a global biodiversity hotspot was emphasized by the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel headed by MadhavGadgil, while for conservation purposes, the Kasturirangan Committee identified only a third of the total area. Both expert groups have encountered resistance from State governments and industries, although they mutually differ in their recommendations.

The question that needs speedy resolution is how much of the Western Ghats can be demarcated as ecologically sensitive, going beyond the system of national parks and sanctuaries that already exist. As a corollary, are other areas free to be exploited for industrial activity, including mining and deforestation, with no environmental consequences? A frequently cited example of destruction is the loss of ecology in Goa due to rampant, illegal mining. More complicated is the assessment of ecosystem services delivered by the forests, lakes, rivers and their biodiversity to communities. Mr. Gadgil, for instance, has underscored the unique value of some locations, such as those with fish or medicinal plant diversity peculiar to a small area, which should not get lost in the assessment process. All this points to the need for wider and more open consultation with people at all levels, imbuing the process with scientific insights. The sooner this is done the better. Several options to spare sensitive areas will emerge, such as community-led ecological tourism and agro-ecological farming. A national consultative process is urgently called for.

An inference statement from this passage is mentioned below. Select the correct answer option based on the facts and other information mentioned in this passage

Q. Statement : The Government will pay heed to the recommendation given by MadhavGadgil headed Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel regarding the conservation of Western Ghats.

The  hesitation shown by the Central government  in deciding upon full legal protection for one of its most prized natural assets, the Western Ghats in their totality, is a major disappointment. The idea that whatever is left of these fragile mountainous forests should be protected from unsustainable exploitation in the interests of present and future generations, while presenting sustainable ways of living to the communities that inhabit these landscapes, is being lost sight of. Quite unscientifically, the issue is being framed as one of development-versus-conservation. Given the weak effort at forging a consensus, there is little purpose in the Centre returning to the drawing board with another draft notification to identify ecologically sensitive areas. What it needs is a framework under which scientific evidence and public concerns are debated democratically and the baseline for ESAs arrived at. It is accepted, for instance, that the Ghats play an irreplaceable role in mediating the monsoon over the country and the forests harbor a rich biodiversity that has not even been fully studied. New species continue to emerge each year in an area that has endemic plants and animals, although, as the scientist Norman Myers wrote nearly two decades ago, only 6.8% of primary vegetation out of the original 182,500 sq km remains in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka taken together. The ecologically sensitive nature of the forests stretching 1,600 km along the western coast as a global biodiversity hotspot was emphasized by the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel headed by MadhavGadgil, while for conservation purposes, the Kasturirangan Committee identified only a third of the total area. Both expert groups have encountered resistance from State governments and industries, although they mutually differ in their recommendations.

The question that needs speedy resolution is how much of the Western Ghats can be demarcated as ecologically sensitive, going beyond the system of national parks and sanctuaries that already exist. As a corollary, are other areas free to be exploited for industrial activity, including mining and deforestation, with no environmental consequences? A frequently cited example of destruction is the loss of ecology in Goa due to rampant, illegal mining. More complicated is the assessment of ecosystem services delivered by the forests, lakes, rivers and their biodiversity to communities. Mr. Gadgil, for instance, has underscored the unique value of some locations, such as those with fish or medicinal plant diversity peculiar to a small area, which should not get lost in the assessment process. All this points to the need for wider and more open consultation with people at all levels, imbuing the process with scientific insights. The sooner this is done the better. Several options to spare sensitive areas will emerge, such as community-led ecological tourism and agro-ecological farming. A national consultative process is urgently called for.

An inference statement from this passage is mentioned below. Select the correct answer option based on the facts and other information mentioned in this passage

Q. Statement: As per Norman Myers, not more than 6.8% of primary vegetation out of the original 182,500 sq km remains in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka taken together as of now.

The  hesitation shown by the Central government  in deciding upon full legal protection for one of its most prized natural assets, the Western Ghats in their totality, is a major disappointment. The idea that whatever is left of these fragile mountainous forests should be protected from unsustainable exploitation in the interests of present and future generations, while presenting sustainable ways of living to the communities that inhabit these landscapes, is being lost sight of. Quite unscientifically, the issue is being framed as one of development-versus-conservation. Given the weak effort at forging a consensus, there is little purpose in the Centre returning to the drawing board with another draft notification to identify ecologically sensitive areas. What it needs is a framework under which scientific evidence and public concerns are debated democratically and the baseline for ESAs arrived at. It is accepted, for instance, that the Ghats play an irreplaceable role in mediating the monsoon over the country and the forests harbor a rich biodiversity that has not even been fully studied. New species continue to emerge each year in an area that has endemic plants and animals, although, as the scientist Norman Myers wrote nearly two decades ago, only 6.8% of primary vegetation out of the original 182,500 sq km remains in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka taken together. The ecologically sensitive nature of the forests stretching 1,600 km along the western coast as a global biodiversity hotspot was emphasized by the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel headed by MadhavGadgil, while for conservation purposes, the Kasturirangan Committee identified only a third of the total area. Both expert groups have encountered resistance from State governments and industries, although they mutually differ in their recommendations.

The question that needs speedy resolution is how much of the Western Ghats can be demarcated as ecologically sensitive, going beyond the system of national parks and sanctuaries that already exist. As a corollary, are other areas free to be exploited for industrial activity, including mining and deforestation, with no environmental consequences? A frequently cited example of destruction is the loss of ecology in Goa due to rampant, illegal mining. More complicated is the assessment of ecosystem services delivered by the forests, lakes, rivers and their biodiversity to communities. Mr. Gadgil, for instance, has underscored the unique value of some locations, such as those with fish or medicinal plant diversity peculiar to a small area, which should not get lost in the assessment process. All this points to the need for wider and more open consultation with people at all levels, imbuing the process with scientific insights. The sooner this is done the better. Several options to spare sensitive areas will emerge, such as community-led ecological tourism and agro-ecological farming. A national consultative process is urgently called for.

Q. As per this article, which one of the following is the prime reason to save the ecological diversity of Western Ghats?

(A) It is important to save the Ghats as they are abode to numerous flora and fauna, including various medicinal plants

(B) It is important to save the Ghats as the new species of plants found in Western Ghats form a bulk of India’s medicinal plants export.

(C) It is important to save the Ghats as they play a pivotal role in determining the monsoon across the country

(D) It is important to save the Ghats because of the recommendation of the

The  hesitation shown by the Central government  in deciding upon full legal protection for one of its most prized natural assets, the Western Ghats in their totality, is a major disappointment. The idea that whatever is left of these fragile mountainous forests should be protected from unsustainable exploitation in the interests of present and future generations, while presenting sustainable ways of living to the communities that inhabit these landscapes, is being lost sight of. Quite unscientifically, the issue is being framed as one of development-versus-conservation. Given the weak effort at forging a consensus, there is little purpose in the Centre returning to the drawing board with another draft notification to identify ecologically sensitive areas. What it needs is a framework under which scientific evidence and public concerns are debated democratically and the baseline for ESAs arrived at. It is accepted, for instance, that the Ghats play an irreplaceable role in mediating the monsoon over the country and the forests harbor a rich biodiversity that has not even been fully studied. New species continue to emerge each year in an area that has endemic plants and animals, although, as the scientist Norman Myers wrote nearly two decades ago, only 6.8% of primary vegetation out of the original 182,500 sq km remains in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka taken together. The ecologically sensitive nature of the forests stretching 1,600 km along the western coast as a global biodiversity hotspot was emphasized by the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel headed by MadhavGadgil, while for conservation purposes, the Kasturirangan Committee identified only a third of the total area. Both expert groups have encountered resistance from State governments and industries, although they mutually differ in their recommendations.

The question that needs speedy resolution is how much of the Western Ghats can be demarcated as ecologically sensitive, going beyond the system of national parks and sanctuaries that already exist. As a corollary, are other areas free to be exploited for industrial activity, including mining and deforestation, with no environmental consequences? A frequently cited example of destruction is the loss of ecology in Goa due to rampant, illegal mining. More complicated is the assessment of ecosystem services delivered by the forests, lakes, rivers and their biodiversity to communities. Mr. Gadgil, for instance, has underscored the unique value of some locations, such as those with fish or medicinal plant diversity peculiar to a small area, which should not get lost in the assessment process. All this points to the need for wider and more open consultation with people at all levels, imbuing the process with scientific insights. The sooner this is done the better. Several options to spare sensitive areas will emerge, such as community-led ecological tourism and agro-ecological farming. A national consultative process is urgently called for.

Q. Which of the following statements is /are true based on the information and facts mentioned in this passage?

(A) While taking a decision on the development projects in the Western Ghats, it is important to reach a consensus because otherwise the developers won’t be getting cooperation of the locals in pursuance of their projects

(B) While taking a decision on the development projects in the Western Ghats, it is important to have a consensus so that the views of experts from various fields relevant to Western Ghats and the concerns of the locals are considered to best judge the cost and benefit of the prospective projects in their area

The  hesitation shown by the Central government  in deciding upon full legal protection for one of its most prized natural assets, the Western Ghats in their totality, is a major disappointment. The idea that whatever is left of these fragile mountainous forests should be protected from unsustainable exploitation in the interests of present and future generations, while presenting sustainable ways of living to the communities that inhabit these landscapes, is being lost sight of. Quite unscientifically, the issue is being framed as one of development-versus-conservation. Given the weak effort at forging a consensus, there is little purpose in the Centre returning to the drawing board with another draft notification to identify ecologically sensitive areas. What it needs is a framework under which scientific evidence and public concerns are debated democratically and the baseline for ESAs arrived at. It is accepted, for instance, that the Ghats play an irreplaceable role in mediating the monsoon over the country and the forests harbor a rich biodiversity that has not even been fully studied. New species continue to emerge each year in an area that has endemic plants and animals, although, as the scientist Norman Myers wrote nearly two decades ago, only 6.8% of primary vegetation out of the original 182,500 sq km remains in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka taken together. The ecologically sensitive nature of the forests stretching 1,600 km along the western coast as a global biodiversity hotspot was emphasized by the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel headed by MadhavGadgil, while for conservation purposes, the Kasturirangan Committee identified only a third of the total area. Both expert groups have encountered resistance from State governments and industries, although they mutually differ in their recommendations.

The question that needs speedy resolution is how much of the Western Ghats can be demarcated as ecologically sensitive, going beyond the system of national parks and sanctuaries that already exist. As a corollary, are other areas free to be exploited for industrial activity, including mining and deforestation, with no environmental consequences? A frequently cited example of destruction is the loss of ecology in Goa due to rampant, illegal mining. More complicated is the assessment of ecosystem services delivered by the forests, lakes, rivers and their biodiversity to communities. Mr. Gadgil, for instance, has underscored the unique value of some locations, such as those with fish or medicinal plant diversity peculiar to a small area, which should not get lost in the assessment process. All this points to the need for wider and more open consultation with people at all levels, imbuing the process with scientific insights. The sooner this is done the better. Several options to spare sensitive areas will emerge, such as community-led ecological tourism and agro-ecological farming. A national consultative process is urgently called for.

Q. In the context of the passage, which of the following statements mentioned below holds true with respect to ‘Sustainable development’

(A) Local communities should be encouraged and engaged for the development of tourism and agro ecological farming in the core areas as demarcated by the experts.

(B) Development of projects and mining of precious minerals should be undertaken to uplift the economy of the area and prosperity of the local communities.

(C) Local communities should be free to do farming and other ancillary agricultural activities of their choice and interest.

(D) Less areas which are environmentally sensitive should be free for economic development and mining projects

The  hesitation shown by the Central government  in deciding upon full legal protection for one of its most prized natural assets, the Western Ghats in their totality, is a major disappointment. The idea that whatever is left of these fragile mountainous forests should be protected from unsustainable exploitation in the interests of present and future generations, while presenting sustainable ways of living to the communities that inhabit these landscapes, is being lost sight of. Quite unscientifically, the issue is being framed as one of development-versus-conservation. Given the weak effort at forging a consensus, there is little purpose in the Centre returning to the drawing board with another draft notification to identify ecologically sensitive areas. What it needs is a framework under which scientific evidence and public concerns are debated democratically and the baseline for ESAs arrived at. It is accepted, for instance, that the Ghats play an irreplaceable role in mediating the monsoon over the country and the forests harbor a rich biodiversity that has not even been fully studied. New species continue to emerge each year in an area that has endemic plants and animals, although, as the scientist Norman Myers wrote nearly two decades ago, only 6.8% of primary vegetation out of the original 182,500 sq km remains in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka taken together. The ecologically sensitive nature of the forests stretching 1,600 km along the western coast as a global biodiversity hotspot was emphasized by the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel headed by MadhavGadgil, while for conservation purposes, the Kasturirangan Committee identified only a third of the total area. Both expert groups have encountered resistance from State governments and industries, although they mutually differ in their recommendations.

The question that needs speedy resolution is how much of the Western Ghats can be demarcated as ecologically sensitive, going beyond the system of national parks and sanctuaries that already exist. As a corollary, are other areas free to be exploited for industrial activity, including mining and deforestation, with no environmental consequences? A frequently cited example of destruction is the loss of ecology in Goa due to rampant, illegal mining. More complicated is the assessment of ecosystem services delivered by the forests, lakes, rivers and their biodiversity to communities. Mr. Gadgil, for instance, has underscored the unique value of some locations, such as those with fish or medicinal plant diversity peculiar to a small area, which should not get lost in the assessment process. All this points to the need for wider and more open consultation with people at all levels, imbuing the process with scientific insights. The sooner this is done the better. Several options to spare sensitive areas will emerge, such as community-led ecological tourism and agro-ecological farming. A national consultative process is urgently called for.

Q. Choose the word/group of words which is most similar in meaning to the word/ group of words printed in bold as used in passage

FORGING

The  hesitation shown by the Central government  in deciding upon full legal protection for one of its most prized natural assets, the Western Ghats in their totality, is a major disappointment. The idea that whatever is left of these fragile mountainous forests should be protected from unsustainable exploitation in the interests of present and future generations, while presenting sustainable ways of living to the communities that inhabit these landscapes, is being lost sight of. Quite unscientifically, the issue is being framed as one of development-versus-conservation. Given the weak effort at forging a consensus, there is little purpose in the Centre returning to the drawing board with another draft notification to identify ecologically sensitive areas. What it needs is a framework under which scientific evidence and public concerns are debated democratically and the baseline for ESAs arrived at. It is accepted, for instance, that the Ghats play an irreplaceable role in mediating the monsoon over the country and the forests harbor a rich biodiversity that has not even been fully studied. New species continue to emerge each year in an area that has endemic plants and animals, although, as the scientist Norman Myers wrote nearly two decades ago, only 6.8% of primary vegetation out of the original 182,500 sq km remains in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka taken together. The ecologically sensitive nature of the forests stretching 1,600 km along the western coast as a global biodiversity hotspot was emphasized by the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel headed by MadhavGadgil, while for conservation purposes, the Kasturirangan Committee identified only a third of the total area. Both expert groups have encountered resistance from State governments and industries, although they mutually differ in their recommendations.

The question that needs speedy resolution is how much of the Western Ghats can be demarcated as ecologically sensitive, going beyond the system of national parks and sanctuaries that already exist. As a corollary, are other areas free to be exploited for industrial activity, including mining and deforestation, with no environmental consequences? A frequently cited example of destruction is the loss of ecology in Goa due to rampant, illegal mining. More complicated is the assessment of ecosystem services delivered by the forests, lakes, rivers and their biodiversity to communities. Mr. Gadgil, for instance, has underscored the unique value of some locations, such as those with fish or medicinal plant diversity peculiar to a small area, which should not get lost in the assessment process. All this points to the need for wider and more open consultation with people at all levels, imbuing the process with scientific insights. The sooner this is done the better. Several options to spare sensitive areas will emerge, such as community-led ecological tourism and agro-ecological farming. A national consultative process is urgently called for.

Q. Choose the word/group of words which is most similar in meaning to the word/ group of words printed in bold as used in passage

IMBUE

The  hesitation shown by the Central government  in deciding upon full legal protection for one of its most prized natural assets, the Western Ghats in their totality, is a major disappointment. The idea that whatever is left of these fragile mountainous forests should be protected from unsustainable exploitation in the interests of present and future generations, while presenting sustainable ways of living to the communities that inhabit these landscapes, is being lost sight of. Quite unscientifically, the issue is being framed as one of development-versus-conservation. Given the weak effort at forging a consensus, there is little purpose in the Centre returning to the drawing board with another draft notification to identify ecologically sensitive areas. What it needs is a framework under which scientific evidence and public concerns are debated democratically and the baseline for ESAs arrived at. It is accepted, for instance, that the Ghats play an irreplaceable role in mediating the monsoon over the country and the forests harbor a rich biodiversity that has not even been fully studied. New species continue to emerge each year in an area that has endemic plants and animals, although, as the scientist Norman Myers wrote nearly two decades ago, only 6.8% of primary vegetation out of the original 182,500 sq km remains in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka taken together. The ecologically sensitive nature of the forests stretching 1,600 km along the western coast as a global biodiversity hotspot was emphasized by the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel headed by MadhavGadgil, while for conservation purposes, the Kasturirangan Committee identified only a third of the total area. Both expert groups have encountered resistance from State governments and industries, although they mutually differ in their recommendations.

The question that needs speedy resolution is how much of the Western Ghats can be demarcated as ecologically sensitive, going beyond the system of national parks and sanctuaries that already exist. As a corollary, are other areas free to be exploited for industrial activity, including mining and deforestation, with no environmental consequences? A frequently cited example of destruction is the loss of ecology in Goa due to rampant, illegal mining. More complicated is the assessment of ecosystem services delivered by the forests, lakes, rivers and their biodiversity to communities. Mr. Gadgil, for instance, has underscored the unique value of some locations, such as those with fish or medicinal plant diversity peculiar to a small area, which should not get lost in the assessment process. All this points to the need for wider and more open consultation with people at all levels, imbuing the process with scientific insights. The sooner this is done the better. Several options to spare sensitive areas will emerge, such as community-led ecological tourism and agro-ecological farming. A national consultative process is urgently called for.

Q. Choose the word/group of words which is opposite in meaning to the word/ group of words printed in bold as used in passage

FRAGILE

The  hesitation shown by the Central government  in deciding upon full legal protection for one of its most prized natural assets, the Western Ghats in their totality, is a major disappointment. The idea that whatever is left of these fragile mountainous forests should be protected from unsustainable exploitation in the interests of present and future generations, while presenting sustainable ways of living to the communities that inhabit these landscapes, is being lost sight of. Quite unscientifically, the issue is being framed as one of development-versus-conservation. Given the weak effort at forging a consensus, there is little purpose in the Centre returning to the drawing board with another draft notification to identify ecologically sensitive areas. What it needs is a framework under which scientific evidence and public concerns are debated democratically and the baseline for ESAs arrived at. It is accepted, for instance, that the Ghats play an irreplaceable role in mediating the monsoon over the country and the forests harbor a rich biodiversity that has not even been fully studied. New species continue to emerge each year in an area that has endemic plants and animals, although, as the scientist Norman Myers wrote nearly two decades ago, only 6.8% of primary vegetation out of the original 182,500 sq km remains in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka taken together. The ecologically sensitive nature of the forests stretching 1,600 km along the western coast as a global biodiversity hotspot was emphasized by the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel headed by MadhavGadgil, while for conservation purposes, the Kasturirangan Committee identified only a third of the total area. Both expert groups have encountered resistance from State governments and industries, although they mutually differ in their recommendations.

The question that needs speedy resolution is how much of the Western Ghats can be demarcated as ecologically sensitive, going beyond the system of national parks and sanctuaries that already exist. As a corollary, are other areas free to be exploited for industrial activity, including mining and deforestation, with no environmental consequences? A frequently cited example of destruction is the loss of ecology in Goa due to rampant, illegal mining. More complicated is the assessment of ecosystem services delivered by the forests, lakes, rivers and their biodiversity to communities. Mr. Gadgil, for instance, has underscored the unique value of some locations, such as those with fish or medicinal plant diversity peculiar to a small area, which should not get lost in the assessment process. All this points to the need for wider and more open consultation with people at all levels, imbuing the process with scientific insights. The sooner this is done the better. Several options to spare sensitive areas will emerge, such as community-led ecological tourism and agro-ecological farming. A national consultative process is urgently called for.

Q. Choose the word/group of words which is opposite in meaning to the word/ group of words printed in bold as used in passag

CONSENSUS