OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 10 - OPSC OCS (Odisha) MCQ
30 Questions MCQ Test OPSC OAS Mock Test Series 2024 - OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 10
Passage 1
There's been a change in the weather. Extreme events like the Nashville flood - described by officials as a once - in - a - millennium occurrence - are happening more frequently than they used to. A month before Nashville, torrential downpours dumped 11 inches of rain on Rio de janeiro in 24 hours, triggering mud slides that buried hundreds. About three months after Nashville, record rain in Pakistan caused flooding that affected more than 20 million people. In late 2011, floods in Thailand submerged hundreds of factories near Bangkok, creating a worldwide shortage of computer hard drives.
And it is not just heavy rains that are making headlines. During the past decade we have also been severe droughts in places like Texas, Australia and Russia as well as in East Africa, where tens of thousands have taken refuge in camps. Deadly heat waves hit Europe, and record numbers of tornadoes have ripped across the United States. Losses from such events helped push the cost of whether disasters in 2011 to an estimated $150 billion worldwide, a roughly 25% jump from the previous year. In the USA, last year, a record 14 events caused a billion dollars or more of damage each, far exceeding the previous record of 9 such disasters in 2008.
What is going on? Are these extreme events signals of a dangerous, human made shift in Earth's climate? Or are we just going through a natural stretch of bad luck?
The short answer is: probably both. The primary forces driving recent disasters have been natural climate cycles, especially El Nino and La Nina. Scientists have learned a lot during the past few decades about how that strange seesaw in the equatorial Pacific affects weather worldwide. During an El Nino, a giant pool of warm water that normally sits in the central Pacific surges east all the way to South America; during a La Nina, it shrinks and retreats into the Western Pacific. Heat and water vapour coming off the warm pool generate thunderstorms so powerful and towering that their influence extends out of the tropics to the jet streams that blow across the middle altitudes. As the warm pool shifts back and forth along the equator, the wavy paths of the jet streams shift north and south- which changes the tracks that storms follow across the continents. An El Nino tends to push directing storms over the southern USA and Peru while visiting drought and fire on Australia. In a La Nina, the rains flood Australia and fail in the American Southwest and Texas - and in even more distant places like East Africa.
Q. The passage attempts to describe which of the following...
Passage 1
There's been a change in the weather. Extreme events like the Nashville flood - described by officials as a once - in - a - millennium occurrence - are happening more frequently than they used to. A month before Nashville, torrential downpours dumped 11 inches of rain on Rio de janeiro in 24 hours, triggering mud slides that buried hundreds. About three months after Nashville, record rain in Pakistan caused flooding that affected more than 20 million people. In late 2011, floods in Thailand submerged hundreds of factories near Bangkok, creating a worldwide shortage of computer hard drives.
And it is not just heavy rains that are making headlines. During the past decade we have also been severe droughts in places like Texas, Australia and Russia as well as in East Africa, where tens of thousands have taken refuge in camps. Deadly heat waves hit Europe, and record numbers of tornadoes have ripped across the United States. Losses from such events helped push the cost of whether disasters in 2011 to an estimated $150 billion worldwide, a roughly 25% jump from the previous year. In the USA, last year, a record 14 events caused a billion dollars or more of damage each, far exceeding the previous record of 9 such disasters in 2008.
What is going on? Are these extreme events signals of a dangerous, human made shift in Earth's climate? Or are we just going through a natural stretch of bad luck?
The short answer is: probably both. The primary forces driving recent disasters have been natural climate cycles, especially El Nino and La Nina. Scientists have learned a lot during the past few decades about how that strange seesaw in the equatorial Pacific affects weather worldwide. During an El Nino, a giant pool of warm water that normally sits in the central Pacific surges east all the way to South America; during a La Nina, it shrinks and retreats into the Western Pacific. Heat and water vapour coming off the warm pool generate thunderstorms so powerful and towering that their influence extends out of the tropics to the jet streams that blow across the middle altitudes. As the warm pool shifts back and forth along the equator, the wavy paths of the jet streams shift north and south- which changes the tracks that storms follow across the continents. An El Nino tends to push directing storms over the southern USA and Peru while visiting drought and fire on Australia. In a La Nina, the rains flood Australia and fail in the American Southwest and Texas - and in even more distant places like East Africa.
Consider the following statements:
1. Natural weather cycles can be the reason for instances of extreme weather
2. Bangkok, Thailand is the biggest producer of computer hard drives in the world With reference to the passage, which of the following statements is/are valid
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Passage 3
With the advancement in the frontiers of science, there is an emerging demand for hi-tech minerals, which will have to be met. This will call for earth scientists anticipating demand and exploring and extracting these minerals with cost effective and environment friendly extraction technologies. Agencies of both ofthe central and state governments will have to play an important promotional role in the exploration of these minerals.
The mineral surveys and exploration programmes to be carried out by the central and state agencies will also have to be targeted to take up concept oriented studies integrating geological, geo-physical and geochemical surveys appropriately linked up with laboratory studies involving state ofthe art technologies. Deeper probing of known deposits; intensive and extensive belt wise mineral exploration including covering areas out of the traditional mineral belts and even basement rocks will also have to be undertaken.
Concerted action plans need to be drawn up by the concerned organisations to acquire higher capability in all fields of mineral exploration and development. This will call for technology upgradation for field data acquisition, state of the art laboratory back up and development of expertise. Focus areas will include air-borne surveys, ground geophysical surveys, exploratory drilling, marine survey, etc.
Q. Consider the following statements:
1. Meeting the emerging demand for hi-tech minerals is an imperative.
2. Advancements in science have resulted in emerging demand for hi-tech minerals. With reference to the passage, which of the following statements is/are valid?
Directions (Q.11-15) for the following items:
Each of the items below consists of a question and two statements. You have to decide whether the data provided in the statements are sufficient to answer the question. Give answer as:
Statements:
I. When students of Shravan's class are ranked in descending order of their heights, Shravan's rank is 17th from the top among all the students and 12th among boys.
II. Shravan's rank from the bottom on the basis of height among boys is 18th and among all students, 29th.
Q. How many girls are taller than Shravan in his class?
Statements:
I. Gautam was born exactly 28 years after his mother was born.
II. His mother will be 55 years 4 months and 5 days on August 18 this year.
Q. On which day in April is Gautam's birthday?
Statements:
I. C, who is third to the left of D, is to the immediate right of A and second to the left of E.
II. C is second to the left of E, who is not at any of the ends and who is third to the right of A. D is at one of the ends.
Q. Among A, B, C, D and E, who is in the middle while standing in a row?
Statements:
I. A and D are heavier than B, E and F but none of them is the heaviest.
II. A is heavier than D but lighter than C.
Q. Among A, B, C, D, E and F, who is the heaviest?
Passage - 2
When the late evolutionist and polymath Stephen Jay Gould was a toddler, he became fascinated and terrified by the towering Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton at the American Museum of Natural History. Gould later claimed that he decided on the spot to become a palaeontologist- years before he even learned the word. Steven Pinker does not believe this oft told story. Pinker relates that Gould dedicated his first book: "For my father, who took me to see the Tyrannosaurus when I was five" and admires Gould's genius for coming up with that charming line, "But he does not believe it. Pinker says that long term memory is notoriously untrustworthy. Many children are exposed to books and museums, but few become scientists. Pinker concludes that perhaps the essence of who we are from birth shapes our childhood experiences rather than the other way round.
Q. Steven Pinker
Passage - 2
When the late evolutionist and polymath Stephen Jay Gould was a toddler, he became fascinated and terrified by the towering Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton at the American Museum of Natural History. Gould later claimed that he decided on the spot to become a palaeontologist- years before he even learned the word. Steven Pinker does not believe this oft told story. Pinker relates that Gould dedicated his first book: "For my father, who took me to see the Tyrannosaurus when I was five" and admires Gould's genius for coming up with that charming line, "But he does not believe it. Pinker says that long term memory is notoriously untrustworthy. Many children are exposed to books and museums, but few become scientists. Pinker concludes that perhaps the essence of who we are from birth shapes our childhood experiences rather than the other way round.
Q. Which of the following is/ are correct?
1. Those who grow up as scientists are usually not exposed to books and museums in their childhood
2. Only those who become scientists remember their childhood experiences of books and museums
Choose the correct option using the codes given below:
Directions(Q.34-40) for the following items:
Each of the items below consists of a question and two statements. You have to decide whether the data provided in the statements are sufficient to answer the question. Give answer as:
Statements:
I. There are ten students between Nitin and Deepak.
II. Deepak is twentieth from the top.
Q. What is Nitin's rank from the top in a class of forty students?
Statements:
I. If Sunny turns to his right and again turns to his right, he will be facing the North.
II. If Sunny walks some distance and turns left and again walks some distance, then his face will be towards left of Dinesh who is facing the South.
Q. Which direction is Sunny facing now?
Statements:
I. T does not study in the same school as either R or J.
II. R and J study in schools D and F respectively.
Q. T studies in which of the schools B, C, D, E and F?
Statements:
I. Divya's mother is sister of Shaloo's father.
II. Shaloo is the daughter of Divya's grandfather's only child.
Q. How is Divya related to Shaloo?
Statements:
I. Last year 2935 cards were sold.
II. The number of cards sold this year was 1.2 times that of last year.
Q. How many New Year's greeting cards were sold this year in your shop?
You had rented out a tenement to a group of five labourers who claimed to be extremely poor and wanted a discount on the rent. You agreed to rent them the place for a very low amount keeping in mind their impoverished condition. For some months they delayed paying the rent on the pretext of non-payment of wages by their employer. One day you found that the tenement is vacated and theses labourers are nowhere to be found and the rent for several months was due on them. You will
You are working as a supply supervisor in a leading oil company in the public sector. It has come to your attention that certain company officials are stealing petrol from the company's plant and adulterating the remaining to cover up their tracks. They can sell the stolen petrol illegally to make a neat profit. You would
You are a student in a government operated intermediate school. Some children from the economically weaker sections have been admitted to this school. You observe that the teachers and the students from affluent families are biased against these children. You will
Passage 2
A report out today warns that even in a fast growing economy like India, failure to invest in agriculture and support small farms has left nearly half the country's children malnourished, with one fifth of the one-billion plus population being hungry.
Action Aid, which published the report ahead of next week's summit in New York to discuss progress on the millennium development goals, says hunger is costing the world's poorest nations $290 billion a year- more than 10 times the estimated amount needed to meet the goal of halving global hungry by 2015.
India now has worse rates of malnutrition than sub-Saharan Africa; 43.5 % of children under five are underweight and India ranks below Sudan and Zimbabwe in the Global Hunger Index. Even without last year's disastrous monsoon and the ensuring drought and crop failures, hunger was on the increase.
The government has promised a new food security bill to provide cheap food for the poor, but progress has been slow. The reality is that a country desperate to take its place at the world's top table is unwilling to commit to feeding its own population.
Last month the country's Supreme Court castigated the government for allowing 67000 tonnes of badly stored grain to rot- enough to feed 190000 people for a month- and ordered it to distribute 17.8 m tonnes in imminent danger of rotting.
India's Prime Minister protested, saying that the court has crossed the line into policy making and warning that distributing free food to the 37% of the population living BPL will destroy any incentives for the farmers to produce. The court stood firm. It was an order, not a suggestion, the judges said.
According to Action Aid, global hunger in 2009 was at the same level as in 1990. The charity urged developed countries to make good on $14 billion pledge to fight hunger, announced at last year's G8 summit in Italy.
Q. Which of the following statements would help explain the Prime Minister's argument against the Supreme Court order?
Statements:
I. Javed's salary is 75% that of Vinod's salary.
II. Javed's salary is Rs 4500.
Q. Vinod's and Javed's salaries are in the proportion of4:3 respectively. What isVinod's salary?
Statements:
I. Gagan, Vimal and Kunal are all of the same age.
II. Total age of Vimal, Kunal and Anil is 32 years and Anil is as old as Vimal and Kunal together.
Q. What is Gagan's age?
Passage 2
How is India's middle class culture being changed and affected? Let us have a look at what is happening. First the numbers, independent India did not count its population along the lines of caste, and it required special surveys, like that of the Mandal Commission, to identify the size of peasant groupings. The number was revealed to be over 50% of the population. The British census before independence told us that the Brahmin population was about 6%, though the community's power and projection in urban India was disproportionate.
Three small castes, all put together about 10% of the population, dominated the urban middle classes. Brahmin, Baniya and Kayastha. What most urban Indians know as middle class culture is actually the culture of these 3 communities.
The second most important thing we must consider is the quality and texture of literacy. India was only 5% literate at the turn of the 20th century, and in the last 20 years the direction of urban middle class literacy is towards English. Increasingly, families speak English even at home and most middle class Indians do not read in their mother tongue. We are not referring here to the ability to read, which they have picked up at school. They can speak in the mother tongue, if it is peppered with the English words which have become indispensable. We mean regular reading of literature or entertainment in the mother tongue.
This has produced a unique community. There is no parallel to India of a nation whose middle class is trained to think and approach life in a foreign language, one they have not mastered. India's elite occupy a minimal space; it is emotionally Hindi and intellectually English. One reason India produces so little literature is that India's middle class does not own any language properly. The knowledge of English has come to them through stock phrases because the quality of teaching is poor. Even half literate Americans speak better, cleaner and more precise English than educated Indians. And on the mother-tongue side, the loss of language has resulted in the erosion of India's high culture, its classical inheritance.
Q. Consider the following assumptions:
1. Brahmin, Baniya and Kayastha overpowered communities in India
2. Indian middle class is fluent in English
With reference to the above passage, which of the following assumption is/are valid?
Passage 2
How is India's middle class culture being changed and affected? Let us have a look at what is happening. First the numbers, independent India did not count its population along the lines of caste, and it required special surveys, like that of the Mandal Commission, to identify the size of peasant groupings. The number was revealed to be over 50% of the population. The British census before independence told us that the Brahmin population was about 6%, though the community's power and projection in urban India was disproportionate.
Three small castes, all put together about 10% of the population, dominated the urban middle classes. Brahmin, Baniya and Kayastha. What most urban Indians know as middle class culture is actually the culture of these 3 communities.
The second most important thing we must consider is the quality and texture of literacy. India was only 5% literate at the turn of the 20th century, and in the last 20 years the direction of urban middle class literacy is towards English. Increasingly, families speak English even at home and most middle class Indians do not read in their mother tongue. We are not referring here to the ability to read, which they have picked up at school. They can speak in the mother tongue, if it is peppered with the English words which have become indispensable. We mean regular reading of literature or entertainment in the mother tongue.
This has produced a unique community. There is no parallel to India of a nation whose middle class is trained to think and approach life in a foreign language, one they have not mastered. India's elite occupy a minimal space; it is emotionally Hindi and intellectually English. One reason India produces so little literature is that India's middle class does not own any language properly. The knowledge of English has come to them through stock phrases because the quality of teaching is poor. Even half literate Americans speak better, cleaner and more precise English than educated Indians. And on the mother-tongue side, the loss of language has resulted in the erosion of India's high culture, its classical inheritance.
Q. The author makes a reference to regular reading of literature in the mother tongue. What does he imply by this?
Statements:
I. Sharad is younger than Madan.
II. Arvind is younger than Kamal.
Q. Madan is elder than Kamal and Sharad is younger than Arvind. Who among them is the youngest?
Statements:
I. B is heavier than T and C and is lighter than V who is not the heaviest.
II. C is heavier than only T.
Q. Among T, V, B, E and C, who is the third from the top when arranged in the descending order of their weights?
Statements:
I. D is sitting opposite to A.
II. B is sitting right of A and left of D.
Q. Who is sitting opposite to C in a round table which seats A, B, C and D?
Just as one must learn the art of killing in the training for violence, so one must learn the art of dying in the training for non-violence. Violence does not mean emancipation from fear, but discovering the means of combating the cause of fear. Non-violence, on the other hand, has no cause for fear. The votary of non-violence has to cultivate the capacity for sacrifice of the highest type in order to be free from fear. He recks not if he should lose his hand, his wealth, his life. He who has not overcome all fear cannot practice ahimsa to perfection. The votary of ahimsa has only one fear that is of god. He who seeks refuge in god ought to have a glimpse of the atma that transcends the body; and the moment one has a glimpse of the imperishable Atma one sheds the love of the perishable body. Training in violence is thus diametrically opposed to training in violence. Violence is needed for the protection of things external; non-violence is needed for the protection of Atma, for the protection of one’s honour.
Which of the following statement as per the passage are correct?
1. Violence means overcoming the cause of fear.
2. Violence means trying to eliminate the cause of fear.
3. Non-violence means combating the source of fear.
4. Non-violence means sacrificing even self for shedding fear.
The number of students in 3 classes are in the ratio 4: 5: 6. If 15 students are increased in each class this ratio changes to 11:13:15. The total number of students in the three classes in the beginning was
Find the value of x when x is a natural number and 24x< 100.
A large tanker can be filled by two pipes A and B in 60 minutes and 40 minutes respectively. How many minutes will it take to fill the tanker from empty state if B is used for half the time and A and B fill it together for the other half?
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