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OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - OPSC OCS (Odisha) MCQ


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30 Questions MCQ Test - OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 for OPSC OCS (Odisha) 2025 is part of OPSC OCS (Odisha) preparation. The OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 questions and answers have been prepared according to the OPSC OCS (Odisha) exam syllabus.The OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 MCQs are made for OPSC OCS (Odisha) 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 below.
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OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 1

Arijit and Brajesh, working together, can complete a task in 10 days, whereas Brajesh and Chandan can finish the same job in 15 days working together. If Arijit works for 5 days and Brajesh works for 8 days, it takes Chandan 9 days to complete the rest of the task. How many days will Chandan take to finish the same job alone?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 1

Let us assume that working alone Arijit completes the task in ‘a’ days, Brajesh completes in ‘b’ days and Chandan completes in ‘c’ days.
1/a + 1/b = 1/10      ...........(1)
1/b + 1/c = 1/15 ............ (2)
It is also given that:
5/a + 8/b + 9/c = 1
Or 5(1/a + 1/b) + 3(1/b + 1/c) + 6/c = 1
Using (1) and (2),
5/10 + 3/15 + 6/c = 1
Or 6/c = 1 - ½ - 1/5 = 3/10
Or  c = 20.
Chandan can finish the task alone in 20 days. 

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 2

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

Technological progress continues to accelerate and at some point, the technology of “mind uploading” becomes possible. Some human individuals upload and make many copies of themselves. Meanwhile, there is gradual progress in neuroscience and artificial intelligence, and eventually it becomes possible to isolate individual cognitive modules and connect them up to modules from other uploaded minds. Possibly, modules would need to be trained before they can communicate with each other effectively. Modules that conform to a common standard would be better able to communicate and cooperate with other modules and would therefore be economically more productive, creating a pressure for standardization. There might be multiple standards; some modules might specialize in translating between incompatible standards. Competitive uploads begin outsourcing increasing portions of their functionality: “Why do I need to know arithmetic when I can buy time on Arithmetic-Modules Inc. whenever I need to do my accounts? Why do I need to be good with language when I can hire a professional language module to articulate my thoughts? Why do I need to bother with making decisions about my personal life when there are certified executive-modules that can scan my goal structure and manage my assets so as best to fulfill my goals?” Some uploads might prefer to retain most of their functionality and handle tasks themselves that could be more efficiently done by others. They would be like hobbyists who enjoy growing their own vegetables or knitting their own cardigans; but they would be less efficient than some other uploads, and they would consequently be outcompeted over time. 

Q. Which of the following is important for making copies of humans?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 2

According to the passage it’s important to isolate cognitive modules and connect them to modules from other uploaded minds for making copies of humans.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 3

Anjali is as much younger to Vijaya as Tanya is younger to Anjali. If the sum of the ages of Vijaya and Tanya is 48, how old is Anjali?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 3

Let the age of Anjali = x years.
And, let the difference in the ages of Anjali and Vijaya = a years.
Age of Vijaya = x + a years
Age of Tanya = x – a years
As given in the question, sum of ages of Vijaya and Tanya = 48
(x – a)  + (x + a) = 48
or  2x = 48
or x = 24 years.
Age of Anjali = x = 24 years
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 4

Biodiversity is the living fabric of our planet. It underpins human well-being in the present and in the future, and its rapid decline threatens nature and people alike. According to reports released in 2018 by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), the main global drivers of biodiversity loss are climate change, invasive species, over-exploitation of natural resources, pollution and urbanization .Biodiversity loss implies the reduction and disappearance of species and genetic diversity and the degradation of ecosystems. It jeopardizes nature‘s vital contributions to humanity, endangering economies, livelihoods, food security, cultural diversity and quality of life, and constitutes a major threat to global peace and security. Biodiversity loss also disproportionally affects the most vulnerable exacerbating inequality .To halt or reverse this decline it is vital to transform people‘s roles, actions and relationships with biodiversity. This transformation has already begun with the commitment of the international community to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of Agenda 2030. This global and holistic framework highlights the complex interconnections and interdependencies between society, biodiversity and sustainable development. It recognizes that human behaviour, values and choices shape people‘s interactions with biodiversity, all of which have a direct impact on our collective future on the planet. Awareness and appreciation of the diverse values of biodiversity need to be further amplified and mainstreamed within this global framework in order to transform human behaviour in favour of biodiversity conservation and its sustainable use. Many solutions exist for stopping and reversing the decline in biodiversity. UNESCO‘s diverse networks, programmes and partners have observed positive and inspiring seeds of change around the world. UNESCO also accompanies Member States and their people in their efforts to halt biodiversity loss by understanding, appreciating, safeguarding and using biodiversity sustainably. This publication highlights some of UNESCO‘s biodiversity-related actions and solutions, based on the Organization‘s unique mandate and its diverse normative instruments, networks, programmes and partners. These actions have reduced biodiversity loss and improved the lives of many people around the planet. For each thematic challenge, the publication highlights current actions and solutions that have been successfully implemented, as well as suggestions for improvement and innovation.

 

Q. Regarding biodiversity which of the following is correct?

1. Biodiversity loss has minimal effect on the well-being of humans.

2. Climate change results in the reduction and disappearance of species. Select the correct answer using the code given below

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 4

Statement 1 is incorrect : Biodiversity loss has a significant effect on the wellbeing of humans. It jeopardizes nature’s vital contributions to humanity, endangering economies, livelihoods, food security, cultural diversity and quality of life, and constitutes a major threat to global peace and security.

Statement 2 is correct : As explained in the following lines, “According to reports released in 2018 by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), the main global drivers of biodiversity loss are climate change, invasive species, over-exploitation of natural resources, pollution and urbanization “ climate change is one of the key driving reason for biodiversity loss.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 5

Biodiversity is the living fabric of our planet. It underpins human well-being in the present and in the future, and its rapid decline threatens nature and people alike. According to reports released in 2018 by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), the main global drivers of biodiversity loss are climate change, invasive species, over-exploitation of natural resources, pollution and urbanization .Biodiversity loss implies the reduction and disappearance of species and genetic diversity and the degradation of ecosystems. It jeopardizes nature‘s vital contributions to humanity, endangering economies, livelihoods, food security, cultural diversity and quality of life, and constitutes a major threat to global peace and security. Biodiversity loss also disproportionally affects the most vulnerable exacerbating inequality .To halt or reverse this decline it is vital to transform people‘s roles, actions and relationships with biodiversity. This transformation has already begun with the commitment of the international community to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of Agenda 2030. This global and holistic framework highlights the complex interconnections and interdependencies between society, biodiversity and sustainable development. It recognizes that human behaviour, values and choices shape people‘s interactions with biodiversity, all of which have a direct impact on our collective future on the planet. Awareness and appreciation of the diverse values of biodiversity need to be further amplified and mainstreamed within this global framework in order to transform human behaviour in favour of biodiversity conservation and its sustainable use. Many solutions exist for stopping and reversing the decline in biodiversity. UNESCO‘s diverse networks, programmes and partners have observed positive and inspiring seeds of change around the world. UNESCO also accompanies Member States and their people in their efforts to halt biodiversity loss by understanding, appreciating, safeguarding and using biodiversity sustainably. This publication highlights some of UNESCO‘s biodiversity-related actions and solutions, based on the Organization‘s unique mandate and its diverse normative instruments, networks, programmes and partners. These actions have reduced biodiversity loss and improved the lives of many people around the planet. For each thematic challenge, the publication highlights current actions and solutions that have been successfully implemented, as well as suggestions for improvement and innovation.

 

Q. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 5

Option (a) is correct : Refer these lines from the passage, “UNESCO’s diverse networks, programmes and partners have observed positive and inspiring seeds of change around the world. UNESCO also accompanies Member States and their people in their efforts to halt biodiversity loss by understanding, appreciating, safeguarding and using biodiversity sustainably” These lines mention the achievements attained by UNESCO in tackling the problems.

Option (b) is correct : Refer these lines, “It recognizes that human behaviour, values and choices shape people’s interactions with biodiversity, all of which have a direct impact on our collective future on the planet .Awareness and appreciation of the diverse values of biodiversity need to be further amplified and mainstreamed within this global framework in order to transform human behaviour in favour of biodiversity conservation and its sustainable use.” The statement is directly mentioned in these lines.

Option (c) is incorrect : Refer the following lines, “According to reports released in 2018 by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), the main global drivers of biodiversity loss are climate change, invasive species, over-exploitation of natural resources, pollution and urbanization” Climate change is a cause of biodiversity loss, not its effect. Hence it is wrong.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 6

There are three classes A, B and C with a certain number of students in each of them.In a given test, the performance of the students of various classes is measured. It is found that the average mark of Class A students is 80. The average mark of Class B students is 71. The average mark of Class C students is 82. If the average mark of Class A and B students combined is 75, and the average mark of Class B and C students is 77, then the average mark of the three classes is?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 6


So, the ratio of students of A to B is 4 : 5
And the ratio of students of B to C is 5 : 6
Now, A : B : C = 4 : 5 : 6 
So, average of all the classes 

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 7

The average mark of 15 students in a CSAT test is 50. If the average mark of the first eight students is 47 and that of the last eight students is 55, then what will be the marks of the 8th student?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 7

Marks of 8th student = (8x47 + 8x55) - (15x50)
= (376 + 440) - 750 
= 816 – 750 
= 66 

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 8

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

This article was written in 1978.
Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises. Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980‘s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer. 

Q. According to the passage, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labour is that they have  

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 8

From the first paragraph of the passage, it can be drawn that minority-owned businesses had not sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations. 

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 9

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

This article was written in 1978.
Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises. Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980‘s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer. 

Q. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 9

In passage Author stated that “corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980‘s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade” implies that the significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 10

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

Financial inclusion plays a crucial role in inclusive development and sustainable prosperity as is being increasingly recognised and acknowledged globally. Large segment of population need to be part of formal payment system and financial markets. Financial inclusion would also broaden and deepen financial savings and lead to higher economic development.
Previous initiatives: While financial sector policies in India have long been driven by the objective of increasing penetration and outreach, the goal of inclusion has eluded us. About 41 per cent of adult population remain unbanked and the number of loan account covers only 14 percent of adult population. The previous initiatives included (i) the expansion of network of cooperative banks to provide credit to agriculture and saving facilities in rural areas, (ii) nationalism of bank in 1969 and expansion of branches and (iii) creation of an elaborate framework of priority sector lending with mandated targets as part of a strategy to meet the savings and credit needs of large section of the Indian population who had no access to institutional finance. Given the sheer enormity of the challenge, however the outcomes of these efforts have so far been mixed. 
Recent initiatives/out of the box approaches: Recent initiative include (i) “no frill” account for retail purpose; (ii) simplified KYC (Know Your Customer) (iii) Credit counselling centre facilities; (iv) use of NGOs and formation of SHGs; (v) Kisan credit cards service and (vi) extension of smart cards. The finance Minister in his Budget Speech of 2007-08 also laid down provision for funding of financial inclusion goals. The Rangarajan Committee also spelt out priorities for meeting financial inclusion objectives. Two of the more important approaches in the recent times included the use of technology such as smart cards and mobile telephone banking.  The potential for their spread can be vast especially in combination with banking correspondence approach launched recently.
New entry and competition: In addition, new competition and entry also play crucial roles, as is evident from the global experience. Two particular initiatives have included the role of Micro Financial Institutions (MFIs) and Non-Bank Finance Companies (NBFCs). MFI activities have surged in recent years, but has come under scrutiny and regulation. Services expanded at a fast rate, providing access on better terms than the alternatives of traditional money lenders. However, better regulation is also needed. On NBFCs, gold pawn establishment have also provided alternate access and are fast expanding in urban and semi-urban settings. As far as caps on interest rates are concerned, as in case of other products, ‘subsidies’ in the form of low interest are often an inhibitor of access to services because of rationing and misuse.
Financial Literacy: Any policy initiative seeking to afford greater access to financial services to financial services to a large segment of the population must necessarily address bridging the existing knowledge gap in financial education and literacy. Over the last decade or so, researcher all over the world, especially in the developed countries, have, therefore, started to study and explore whether individuals are wellequipped to make financial decisions. Financial education and literacy assumes urgency in any given scenario. 

Q. Which of the following would be closest to the meaning of term financial inclusion? 

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 10

From the passage it is concluded that “financial inclusion” implies the provision of various financial services through formal channels to include the impoverished and deprived section of society.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 11

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued palaeontologists for more than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly what these creatures were reptiles or birds are among the question’s scientists have puzzled over.
Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a wing-like membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharp claws. In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. If the pterosaurs walked on all fours, the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. When a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V-shape along each side of the animal’s body.
The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a savings in weight. In the birds, however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.
Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T. H. Huxley reasoned that flying vertebrates must have been warm-blooded because flying implies a high rate of metabolism, which in turn implies a high internal temperature. Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and relatively thick hair like fossil material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was correct.
Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became airborne have led to suggestions that they launched themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into light winds from the crests of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaurs’ hind feet resembled a bat ‘s and could serve as hooks by which the animal could hang in preparation for flight. The second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without damaging their wings. The third calls for high waves to channel updrafts. The wind that made such waves however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne. 

Q. It can be inferred from the passage that scientists now generally agree that the

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 11

In the passage Author mentioned “Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls,pelvises, and hind feet are reptilians” implies that scientists now generally agree that Pterosaurs are reptiles. 

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 12

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued palaeontologists for more than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly what these creatures were reptiles or birds are among the question’s scientists have puzzled over.
Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a wing-like membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharp claws. In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. If the pterosaurs walked on all fours, the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. When a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V-shape along each side of the animal’s body.
The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a savings in weight. In the birds, however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.
​Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T. H. Huxley reasoned that flying vertebrates must have been warm-blooded because flying implies a high rate of metabolism, which in turn implies a high internal temperature. Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and relatively thick hair like fossil material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was correct.
Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became airborne have led to suggestions that they launched themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into light winds from the crests of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaurs’ hind feet resembled a bat ‘s and could serve as hooks by which the animal could hang in preparation for flight. The second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without damaging their wings. The third calls for high waves to channel updrafts. The wind that made such waves however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne. 

Q. According to the passage, the skeleton of a pterosaur can be distinguished from that of a bird by the

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 12

According to the passage in birds’ hollow bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts while that is not so in reptiles. So, the skeleton of a pterosaur can be distinguished from that of a bird by the anatomic origin of its wing strut.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 13

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

Given the multifaceted contribution of services to national economy and trade, it is critically important for countries to design and implement a servicesdriven development strategy within a coherent and comprehensive policy framework, ensuring linkages with other policy areas and overall national development objectives. However, due to the complexity of the services sector and the broad range of actors involved across ministries, departments and agencies at different levels of government as well as in the private sector, developing and implementing such a strategy remains a challenge for many countries. Hence the slow progress in positively integrating developing countries into the global services economy and increasing their participation in services trade. It is therefore imperative to increase public and private sector advocacy to mobilize policy attention and resources to boost the sector's contribution to growth and development.

Q. Which of the following is the most rational inference from the above passage?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 13

(a) is incorrect as the passage does not completely give up on the development of services sector in developing countries.
(b) is incorrect as the passage does not urge policymakers directly to increase their country’s participation.
(c) is incorrect as sustainable growth has not been discussed in the passage.
(d) is correct as the passage in essence highlights the importance of services sector and discusses the complex nature of forming a policy to enhance its contribution to the economy. So, despite its benefits, the complexities of the services sector have not let some countries make a policy to use it as a driver to economic growth.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 14

 Excluding stoppages, the speed of a bus is 54 kmph and including stoppages, it is 45 kmph. For how many minutes does the bus stop per hour?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 14

Speed without stoppages = 54km/hr
Speed with stoppages = 45km/hr
Stoppages per hour = CSAT Solution Q1.
 

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 15

There are 52 beggars outside a temple. Three hundred twelve apples are distributed among them so that each man gets nine apples and each woman gets five apples. Find the number of men and women outside the temple.

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 15

Let the number of men beggars be x and women beggars are y. x + y = 52 ........ (i)
9x + 5y = 312 .......... (ii)
Solving (i) and (ii) we get
9y – 5y = 468 – 312
4y = 156
∴ x = 52 – 39 = 13
y = 39
Thus, Men = 13 and Women = 39 

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 16

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

Change is over-rated, anyway. Consider the automobiles. It’s an especially valuable example, because the auto industry has spent tens of billions of dollars on research and product development in the last 100 years. Henry ford’s first car had a metal chassis with an internal combustion, gasoline-powered engine. Four wheels with rubber tyres, a foot operated clutch assembly and brake system, a steering wheel, and four seats, and it could safely do 18 miles per hour. A hundred years and tens of thousands of research hours later, we drive cars with a metal chassis with an internal combustion, gasoline powered engine, four wheels with rubber tyres, a foot operated clutch assembly and brake system, a steering wheel, four seats-and the average speed in London in 2001 was 17.5 miles per hour! That’s not a hell of a lot of return for the money. Ford evidently doesn’t have much to teach us about change. The fact that they are still manufacturing cars is not proof that it takes very large companies to make cars in great quantities- making for an almost impregnable entry barrier. Fifty years after the development of the jet engine, planes are also little changed. They’ve grown bigger, wider and carry more people. But those are incremental, largely cosmetic changes. Taken together, this lack of real change has to come to mean that in travel – whether driving or flying – time and technology have not combined to make things much better. The safety and design have of course accompanied the times and the new volume of cars and flights, but nothing of any significance has changed in the basic assumptions of the final product. 

Q. Which of the following views does the author fully support in the passage? 

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 16

In the fifth paragraph of the passage the author mentioned about aeroplane that planes are also little changed. They’ve grown bigger, wider and carry more people. But those are incremental, largely cosmetic changes. So, from this statement it may be inferred that the author supports that over decades there is some structural changes.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 17

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

Change is over-rated, anyway. Consider the automobiles. It’s an especially valuable example, because the auto industry has spent tens of billions of dollars on research and product development in the last 100 years. Henry ford’s first car had a metal chassis with an internal combustion, gasoline-powered engine. Four wheels with rubber tyres, a foot operated clutch assembly and brake system, a steering wheel, and four seats, and it could safely do 18 miles per hour. A hundred years and tens of thousands of research hours later, we drive cars with a metal chassis with an internal combustion, gasoline powered engine, four wheels with rubber tyres, a foot operated clutch assembly and brake system, a steering wheel, four seats-and the average speed in London in 2001 was 17.5 miles per hour! That’s not a hell of a lot of return for the money. Ford evidently doesn’t have much to teach us about change. The fact that they are still manufacturing cars is not proof that it takes very large companies to make cars in great quantities- making for an almost impregnable entry barrier. Fifty years after the development of the jet engine, planes are also little changed. They’ve grown bigger, wider and carry more people. But those are incremental, largely cosmetic changes. Taken together, this lack of real change has to come to mean that in travel – whether driving or flying – time and technology have not combined to make things much better. The safety and design have of course accompanied the times and the new volume of cars and flights, but nothing of any significance has changed in the basic assumptions of the final product. 

Q. Which of the following best describes one of the main ideas discussed in the passage?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 17

Author mainly want to highlight the fact that over the decades and after spending so much money on research still Industry is not as innovative as it is made out to be.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 18

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

Seven boys P, X, Z, N, G, L and R live in three different buildings – Ashiana, Top-view, and Ridge. Each of them is flying kites of different colours, i.e., red, green, blue, white, black, yellow and pink not necessarily in that order. Not more than three or less than two stay in any of the buildings. L is flying a pink kite and lives in the same building as only R, i.e., Ashiana. Z is flying a black kite and does not live in Ridge building. N does not live in the same building as P or G and is flying a yellow-coloured kite. X lives in Ridge building with only one more person and is flying a green kite. None in the Top view building flies a white kite. G does not fly a blue kite.

Q. Who live in Ridge building?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 18

Only L and R live in Ashiana. Since Z does not live in Ridge building, so Z lives in Top-view building. X lives in Ridge building with one more person. Since N lives in a building different from both P and G, so N lives in Ridge building, while each one of P and G lives in Top-view building. L flies a pink kite, Z a black kite, N a yellow kite, and X a green kite. P and G both live in Top-view building and so none of them flies a white kite. So, R flies a white kite. Since G does not fly a blue kite, so P flies a blue kite. Thus, G flies a red kite.
Boy: P X Z N G L R
Building: Top-view Ridge Top-view Ridge Top-view Ashiana Ashiana
Kite: Blue Green Black Yellow Red Pink White X and N live in Ridge building.
Hence, the answer is (a). 

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 19

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

In a survey of a class of 60 students, it was found that 25 had passed in Mathematics, 30 had passed in Physics and 41 had passed in Chemistry. 5 students had passed in Mathematics and Chemistry only, 12 had passed in Mathematics and Physics only and 15 had passed in Physics and Chemistry only. 2 students passed in all the three subjects.

Consider the following statements:
1. The number of students who had passed in only one subject is equal to the number of students who had passed in exactly two subjects.
2. The number of students who had passed in at least two subjects is four times the number of students who had passed in all the three subjects.

Q. Which of the above statements are true?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 19

Filling in the information given in the question in a Venn Diagram we get:

As given in the question, 30 students passed in Physics. So, 30 – (12 + 15 + 2) = 1 student passed in Physics only.
Similarly, 25 students passed in Mathematics. So, only 6 students passed in Mathematics only. 41 students passed in Chemistry.
Therefore, 19 students passed in Chemistry only. The final picture that emerges from all this is shown below:

The class contains only 60 students. It can be seen from the diagram that all the 60 student have been accounted for. So, it can be concluded that none of the students failed in all the three subjects.
Number of students who passed in only one subject = 1 + 6 + 19 = 26
Number of students who passed in exactly two subjects = 15 + 12 + 5 = 32
So, statement 1 is incorrect.
Number of students who passed in at least two subjects = Number of students who passed in only two subjects + Number of students who passed in all the three subjects = 32 + 2 = 34
Number of students who passed in all the three subjects = 2
So, statement 2 is wrong too.
Hence, option (d) is the correct answer.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 20

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

Prior to 1975, union efforts to organize public-sector clerical workers, most of whom are women, were somewhat limited. The factors favouring unionization drives seem to have been either the presence of large numbers of workers, as in New York City, to make it worth the effort, or the concentration of small numbers in one or two locations, such as a hospital, to make it relatively easy. Receptivity to unionization on the worker’s part was also a consideration, but when there were large numbers involved or the clerical workers were the only unorganized group in a jurisdiction, the multi-occupational unions would often try to organize them regardless of the worker’s initial receptivity. The strategic reasoning was based, first, on the concern that politicians and administrators might play off unionized against nonunionized workers, and, second, on the conviction that a fully unionized public work force meant power, both at the bargaining table and in the legislature. In localities where, clerical workers were few in number, were scattered in several workplaces, and expressed no interest in being organized, unions more often than not ignored them in the pre-1975 period.
But since the mid1970‘s, a different strategy has emerged. In 1977, 34 percent of government clerical workers were represented by a labour organization, compared with 46 percent of government professionals, 44 percent of government blue-collar workers, and 41 percent of government service workers. Since then, however, the biggest increases in public-sector unionization have been among clerical workers. Between 1977 and 1980, the number of unionized government workers in blue-collar and service occupations increased only about 1.5 percent, while in the white-collar occupations the increase was 20 percent and among clerical workers in particular, the increase was 22 percent.
What accounts for this upsurge in unionization among clerical workers? First, more women have entered the work force in the past few years, and more of them plan to remain working until retirement age. Consequently, they are probably more concerned than their predecessors were about job security and economic benefits. Also, the women’s movement has succeeded in legitimizing the economic and political activism of women on their own behalf, there by producing a more positive attitude toward unions.  

Q. According to the passage, the publicsector workers who were most likely to belong to unions in 1977 were

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 20

From second paragraph of the passage it may be inferred that the public-sector workers who were most likely to belong to unions in 1977 were professionals. 

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 21

Directions: In each question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement.

Q. Statement: The facts represented in case studies are not sufficient to come to a conclusion.
Assumptions:
I. Facts are generally relevant for coming to conclusions
II. Case studies generally represent facts 

Mark the answer as:

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 21

The statement reads - facts represented in the case study are not sufficient to come to a conclusion, this can also be read to state - due to the absence of facts, in the case study, the conclusion cannot be reached, hence it is safe to assume that facts are generally relevant for coming to a conclusion, therefore I is implicit. 
The above-mention of facts, in the case study, also emboldens the assumption that case studies generally represent facts, therefore II is implicit.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 22

Directions: In each question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement.

Q. Statement: The queen had a stepdaughter who ruined her legacy
Assumptions:
I. The queen was/is married
II. The queen ruled wisely

Mark the answer as:

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 22

The queen can only have a stepdaughter by her virtue of being a wife to someone, at a point of time, which is the same thing as being married, therefore I is implicit. The fact that queen ruled wisely cannot be inferred by the word legacy, for certain, because legacy may be attributed to some other virtue than wisdom like courage, intelligence etc. II is not implicit.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 23

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

At the end of the nineteenth century, a rising interest in Native American customs and an increasing desire to understand Native American culture prompted ethnologists to begin recording the life stories of Native American. Ethnologists had a distinct reason for wanting to hear the stories: they were after linguistic or anthropological data that would supplement their own field observations, and they believed that the personal stories, even of a single individual, could increase their understanding of the cultures that they had been observing from without. In addition, many ethnologists at the turn of the century believed that Native American manners and customs were rapidly disappearing, and that it was important to preserve for posterity as much information as could be adequately recorded before the cultures disappeared forever.
There were, however, arguments against this method as a way of acquiring accurate and complete information. Franz Boas, for example, described autobiographies as being “of limited value, and useful chiefly for the study of the perversion of truth by memory,” while Paul Radin contended that investigators rarely spent enough time with the tribes they were observing, and inevitably derived results too tinged by the investigator’s own emotional tone to be reliable. Even more importantly, as these life stories moved from the traditional oral mode to recorded written form, much was inevitably lost. Editors often decided what elements were significant to the field research on a given tribe. Native Americans recognized that the essence of their lives could not be communicated in English and that events that they thought significant were often deemed unimportant by their interviewers. Indeed, the very act of telling their stories could force Native American narrators to distort their cultures, as taboos had to be broken to speak the names of dead relatives crucial to their family stories.
Despite all of this, autobiography remains a useful tool for ethnological research: such personal reminiscences and impressions, incomplete as they may be, are likely to throw more light on the working of the mind and emotions than any amount of speculation from an ethnologist or ethnological theorist from another culture. 

Q. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the usefulness of life stories as a source of ethnographic information? 

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 23

From the last paragraph of the passage it may be inferred that life stories can be source of information about how people in a culture view the world.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 24

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

One of the main features of Agroecology is that it looks for local solutions and linkages with the local economy and local markets, and keeps farmers in the field with improved livelihoods and a better quality of life. So, Agroecology could play a very important role in ending poverty and hunger in the field. As a local solution, based on local needs, another advantage of Agroecology is that it also aims at the production of more nutritious and culturally appropriate food which means production is diversified, so farmers produce a variety of foods with different nutrients and this ensures a balanced diet.

Q. Which among the following is the most logical and essential message conveyed by the above passage?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 24

(a) is incorrect as the problems mentioned in the passage have not been claimed as all the problems of farmers and crop cultivation. Hence, the given statement is far-fetched.
(b) is correct as the passage in a gist tells the benefits of Agroecology, which are improved livelihoods of farmers i.e. fighting poverty (improved farm output) and hunger, production of nutritious crops which would mean cultivating variety of crops (crop diversification). Hence, the given statement is the most logical and essential message conveyed by the passage.
(c) is incorrect. The passage does tell that Agroecology aims at production of nutritious and culturally apt food based on local needs, but nowhere does it say that Agroecology is the only way to do so.
(d) is incorrect as the passage does not claim the indispensability of Agroecology in the elimination of poverty and hunger, it only mentions the important role Agroecology can play in doing so.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 25

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

​The group of Twenty (G20) was established in 1999 to bring together Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors of systemically important industrialised and developing economies to discuss key issues relating to the global economy and finance stability. By contributing to the strengthening of the international financial architecture and providing opportunities for dialogue on national policies, international cooperation, and international financial institutions, the G-20 helps to support growth, financial stability and development across the globe.
Since its inception, the G20 has held annual Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governor’s meetings and discussed measures to promote financial stability in the world and achieve sustainable economic growth and development.
In the wake of the global financial and economic crisis in 2008, the G20 was elevated to a Leader Summit. It was designated as a premier forum for international economic cooperation in 2009, effectively replacing the G8 as a forum for steering the global issues. The move was considered as a milestone in reforming global governance, making it more inclusive since this forum comprises both emerging as well as industrialised economies.
Several landmark reforms of international financial institutions were initiated at the behest of the G20 which heightened the expectation for bringing about fundamental changes in the functioning of the global institutions and in the global governance structure. India as a member of the G20 has been actively engaged in global economic governance and in shaping the world order. The most concerted response to the global economic crisis came from the platform of the G20 countries. G20 Leaders Summits have set the agenda rolling for both short and medium-term actions to meet the crisis. 

Q. In the year 2008 G-20 was elevated to a leader’s Summit. Which of the following best describes the reason for such a move?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 25

From the third paragraph of the passage it is inferred that it was essential in the wake of the global financial and economic crisis in 2008 to make it more it a more inclusive at a premium forum for economic co-operation. 

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 26

In a family there are seven children. In which A, B and C are male while W, X, Y and Z are female. There is only one carrom board in this family and children want to play. For each game they select a team in which two male children are must. All children must be able to play with each other. But, B cannot play with W, C cannot play with Z and W cannot play with Y.

If Y is selected and B is rejected, the team will consist of which one of the following groups?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 26

Two male children and B isn’t playing. So, A and C are must in team and Y is selected so Z mustn’t be in team because C can’t play with her. So, X is the fourth member of the team.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 27

 The incomes of A, B, C are in the ratio of 12: 9: 7 and their spending are in the ratio 15: 9: 8. If A saves 25% of his income. What is the ratio of the savings of A, B and C respectively?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 27

Let the income be 12x, 9x, 7x and expenditure is 15y, 9y, 8y.
Income – Expenditure = Savings

For A, 12x -15y = 25% of 12x = 3x  9x =15y  => y = 3x/5  B’s

Saving = 9x - 9y  => 9x-9(3x/5) => 18x/5

C’s Saving = 7x-8y => 7x – 8(3x/5) => 11x/5

Savings Ratio A: B: C :: 3x: 18x/5: 11x/5

Required ratio = 15: 18: 11 

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 28

Directions to Solve

In each of the following questions find out the alternative which will replace the question mark.

Question -

College : Student :: Hospital : ?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 28

As Students read in College similarly Patients are treated in Hospital.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 29

Directions to Solve

In each of the following questions find out the alternative which will replace the question mark.

Question -

Cloth : Mill :: Newspaper : ?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 29

As Cloth is made in a Mill, similarly Newspaper is printed in press.

OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 30

25% of a number is 2 time 65% of another number.Find the ratio of the second no to the first number ?

Detailed Solution for OPSC OAS Prelims Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 - Question 30

(a*25)/100 = b(2*65)/100
a*25 = b*130
a/b = 130/25 = 26/5
b:a = 5:26

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