OSSSC TGT Science CBZ Mock Test - 4 - OTET MCQ

Motor development is a physiological process in which motor activities are learned by children and taken into practice leads to permanent behaviour change. It is divided into two skills: gross motor development, that is, development of large muscle and fine motor development, that is, development of short muscle. This is how motor development controls body movements.
Hence, the correct answer is "Development of control over body movements".

Learning is a process where we live, talk with others, learn new things which means we are interacting with others, and learning different skills like sitting, walking, eating, etc. We gain knowledge of what we are not aware of and also learn various skills that help us in the future.
Hence, the correct answer is "All of the above".

Net ATP production when one molecule of glucose is fermented to alcohol or lactic acid:

1. When glucose ferments, there is a net gain of two ATP molecules in the glycolysis process.
2. Both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation proceed in the same way.
3. When a glucose molecule is partly oxidised to make two molecules of pyruvate, glycolysis produces four molecules of ATP.
4. Because two ATPs are used in the first stages of glycolysis, there is a net gain of two ATP molecules.

Photorespiration is a biochemical process in plants in which, especially under conditions of water stress, oxygen inhibits the Calvin cycle, the carbon fixation portion of photosynthesis. The three organelles participates in photorespiration are chloroplast, mitochondria and peroxisomes. Thus, option A is correct.
Organelles such as vacuoles, Golgi bodies, rough endoplasmic reticulum and dictyosomes does not involve in photorespiration. Thus, other options are wrong.

Chlorophyll is light harvesting pigments found in chloroplasts. The approx concentration of chlorophyll in a chloroplast is approx 30mM. The percentage of chlorophyll in a normal chloroplast is 5 to 10 percent.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Photosynthesis is the process by which organisms that contain the pigment chlorophyll convert light energy into chemical energy which can be stored in the molecular bonds of organic molecules (e.g., sugars). During the process of photosynthesis, light penetrates the cell and passes into the chloroplast. The light energy is intercepted by chlorophyll molecules on the granal stacks. Some of the light energy is converted to chemical energy. During this process, a phosphate is added to a molecule to cause the formation of ATP. The third phosphate chemical bond contains the new chemical energy. The ATP then provides energy to some of the other photosynthetic reactions that are causing the conversion of CO₂ into sugars.

Photophosphorylation is the process in which ATP is produced, which is called as energy currency of the cell. During this process, ADP is phosphorylated to give ATP in presence of light energy.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Initially chlorophyll captures the electron while ionization of water because trapping of the light energy is the key to photosynthesis. The first event is the absorption of light by a photoreceptor molecule and it is found in chloroplasts of green plants i.e. chlorophyll a.

The electron transport chain along with oxidative phosphorylation involves the synthesis of energy-rich ATP molecules with the help of energy released during the oxidation of reduced coenzymes (NADH₂ and FADH₂) formed during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. A total of 10 NADH₂ and 2 FADH₂ molecules are produced during aerobic respiration. They help in the formation of 32 ATP molecules.

Escherichia coli is a rod-shaped bacterium present in the digestive tract of warm-blooded animals like human beings and is responsible for the indigestion problems in humans.

• In the hierarchical system of classification of plants, the taxonomic rank that typically ends in "aceae" is the family. 
• A family is a higher rank in the classification system, grouping together related genera. 
• The family name is often derived from the name of a prominent genus within that family. For example, the family Rosaceae includes the genera Rosa (roses), Malus (apples), and Prunus (cherries, plums, etc.). 
• Similarly, the family Poaceae includes the grasses, and the family Fabaceae includes legumes.

Hence, the Correct Answer is C
NCERT Reference: Topic- TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES from chapter "The Living world" of NCERT.

- At the end of meiosis I females have two daughter cells and meiosis II only occurs if and when the fertilization occurs by the sperm cell.
- Meiosis II starts after the sperm proceeds fertilization process in female 

In plants, cytokinesis or division of cytoplasm occurs due to the formation of the cell plate.

In animals, cytokinesis occurs due to the formation of constriction in the middle cell membrane.

• Parasites obtain food from the host.
• Heterotrophs obtain food from autotrophs.
• Saprophytes feed on dead and decay matter.
• Autotrophs prepare their own food either by using light energy or chemical energy.
• Pseudomonades are Heterotrophs.

• Fertilization is one of the first processes that may result in pregnancy.
• Cleavage is the division of zygote that give rise to blastomeres.
• Lactation occurs to post-pregnancy. Implantation is the attachment of the developing embryo to the uterine wall.
• This is the last step that leads to pregnancy.

Rio de Janeiro Convention:
- The Rio de Janeiro Convention, also known as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), is a global agreement established in 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- The convention aims to promote the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, as well as the fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from genetic resources.
- It recognizes the intrinsic value of biodiversity and the importance of its conservation for sustainable development.
- The convention sets out specific objectives, including the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources.
- It also emphasizes the need for international cooperation and capacity-building to achieve these objectives.
- The Rio de Janeiro Convention has been ratified by 196 countries, making it one of the most widely accepted international environmental agreements.
Montreal Protocol:
- The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international treaty established in 1987.
- It aims to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of substances that deplete it, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs).
- While the Montreal Protocol indirectly contributes to environmental conservation, its primary focus is on ozone layer protection rather than biodiversity conservation.
Kyoto Protocol:
- The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty established in 1997 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
- It sets binding obligations on industrialized countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, with the goal of mitigating climate change.
- While climate change can have significant impacts on biodiversity, the Kyoto Protocol primarily addresses the issue of climate change rather than biodiversity conservation.
All:
- The correct answer to the question is "All" because all three conventions mentioned (Rio de Janeiro Convention, Montreal Protocol, and Kyoto Protocol) have some relevance to the conservation of biodiversity, albeit to varying degrees.
- However, it is important to note that the Rio de Janeiro Convention, specifically designed for biodiversity conservation, is the most directly related to the topic.

Ecological balance is a term used to describe the equilibrium between living organisms such as human beings, plants, and animals as well as their environment. The tiger is a unique animal which plays a pivotal role in the health and diversity of an ecosystem. It is a top predator which is at the apex of the food chain and keeps the population of wild ungulates in check, thereby maintaining the balance between prey herbivores and the vegetation upon which they feed.According to the Global Tiger Initiative, tigers are indicators of the ecological wellness of planet earth. Being the dominant predators of the ecosystem, they ensure that the numbers of herbivores like deer are kept balanced.

Nuclear mass does not affect the valence shell because nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. Whereas proton, i.e. nuclear charge affects the valence shell but neutrons do not. Thus, option (c) is wrong.

C + O₂  → CO₂ + Heat

• This is a Combination reaction because C and O₂ are combining to produce one single compound CO₂.
• This is also an Oxidation reaction because carbon is getting oxidized.
• This is also an exothermic reaction because in this reaction heat is getting released.

So Option D is correct

Hennig Brand was an alchemist looking for the philosopher's stone when he discovered phosphorus. Robert Boyle discovered it independently in 1860. Lavoisier separated metals and non-metals. Jons Jakob Berzelius used letters to signify elements.

According to the Law of Conservation of mass, the total mass of the Reactants must equal the total mass of the products. 

Silver chloride, silver bromide (AgBr) and silver iodide (AgI) are the three silver "halide" compounds used in photography.

There is lot of empty space on the unit cell, hence metallic bond is weaker. Thus sodium and potassium appear soft and can with knife. 

For the second period elements, L-shell is the outermost shell.

A pH value greater than 7 signifies a basic solution. This indicates that the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution is higher than the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), making the solution basic in nature. Basic solutions have a pH greater than 7 and can range from slightly basic to strongly basic.

Because sodium hydroxide is a type of chemical and when we add it to water than this will be a chemical activity.

Non - metals do not have luster. They do not reflect light from their surface ( except iodine and diamond) . So, here a lustrous now Metal is iodine.

The reaction in which an element or molecule is added to unsaturated hydrocarbons is called addition reaction.

Animal cells do not have cell Wall because they do not need them. Cell walls , which are found in plant cells , maintain cell shape, almost as if each cell has its own exoskeleton.