OSSTET (TGT Arts) Mock Test - 1 - OTET MCQ

1) ସରଳ ବାକ୍ୟ ସଠିକ୍‍ ଉତ୍ତର

ଯଥାର୍ଥତା :

ଅନ୍ୟ ବିକଳ୍ପ ଗୁଡିକର ଅର୍ଥ-

1. ସରଳ ବାକ୍ୟ - ଗୋଟିଏ ମାତ୍ର ସମାପିକା କ୍ରିୟା ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଥିଲେ ଏହା ସରଳ ବାକ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ
2. ମିଶ୍ର ବାକ୍ୟ - ଯେ କୌଣସି ବାକ୍ୟର ସମନ୍ୱିତ ରୂପକୁ ମିଶ୍ର ବାକ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ
3. ଜଟିଳ ବାକ୍ୟ - ଦୁଇ ବା ତତୋଧିକ ଖଣ୍ଡବାକ୍ୟର ସମନ୍ୱୟରେ ଜଟିଳ ବାକ୍ୟ ଗଠିତ ହୁଏ
4. ଯୌଗିକ ବାକ୍ୟ - ପରସ୍ପର ନିର୍ଭରଶୀଳ ଦୁଇ ବା ତତୋଧିକ ସରଳ ବାକ୍ୟର ସମାହାରରେ ଯୌଗିକ ବାକ୍ୟ ଗଠିତ ହୁଏ

ବାପା ବଜାରକୁ ଯାଇ ମାଛ ଆଣିଲେ - ଏ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ବାପା- କର୍ତ୍ତା ଓ ଆଣିଲେ ଏକ ମାତ୍ର ସମାପିକା କ୍ରିୟା ତେଣୁ ଏହା ଏକ 1) ସରଳ ବାକ୍ୟ

Additional Information

• ବାକ୍ୟର ଗଠନାତ୍ମକ ରୂପରୁ ବାକ୍ୟକୁ 4 ଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଛି - ସରଳ , ମିଶ୍ର , ଜଟିଳ , ଯୌଗିକ
• ସମସ୍ତ ବାକ୍ୟର ସମାପିକା କ୍ରିୟାଯୁକ୍ତ ଅଂଶଟିକୁ ଖଣ୍ଡବାକ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ

ସଠିକ୍ ଉତ୍ତର ହେଉଛି- ଉପମା ଅଳଙ୍କାରKey Points

• ଭାଷାକୁ ସୁନ୍ଦର ତଥା ମନୋରମ କରିବା କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ଅଳଙ୍କାରର ଭୂମିକା ଗୁରୁତ୍ବପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ।
• ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ସ୍ରଷ୍ଟା ତାର ସୃଷ୍ଟିକୁ ସର୍ବଦା ପ୍ରଭାବଶାଳୀ ଓ ଚତ୍ମକାର କରିବାର ଅଭିଳାଷ ପୋଷଣ କରିଥାଏ । ଏହି ରମଣୀୟତା ବା ଚତ୍ମକାରିତା କାବ୍ୟରେ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଭାବରେ ପରିଗଣିତ ।
• ବ୍ୟାକରଣ ଶାସ୍ତ୍ରରେ ଅଳଙ୍କାରର ପରିଭାଷା ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ କୁହାଯାଇଛି, ଅଳଙ୍କାରୋତି ଇତି ଅଳଙ୍କାରଃ । ଅର୍ଥାତ ଯାହା ସୁଶୋଭିତ କରେ ତାହା ଅଳଙ୍କାର ।
• ସୌନ୍ଦର୍ଯ୍ୟର ଅନ୍ୟ ନାମ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ବୋଲି ବାମନ ତାଙ୍କ କାବ୍ୟାଳଙ୍କାର ସୂତ୍ରବୃତ୍ତିରେ କହଛନ୍ତି ।

ଯଥାର୍ଥତା:

• ଉପରୋକ୍ତ ବାକ୍ୟଟି ଉପମା ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ ।
• ସମାନ ଧର୍ମାକ୍ରାନ୍ତ ଭିନ୍ନ ଭିନ୍ନ ଜାତୀୟ ଦୁଇଟି ବସ୍ତୁର ସାଦୃଶ୍ୟ କଥିତ ହେଲେ ଉପମା ଅଳଙ୍କାର ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
• ଉପମାର ଚାରୋଟି ଅଙ୍ଗ ହେଉଛି- ଉପମେୟ, ଉପମାନ, ସାଧାରଣଧର୍ମ ଓ ଉପମା ବାଚକ ଶବ୍ଦ ।
• ଉପମାନ ଓ ଉପମେୟର ସାଦୃଶ୍ୟ କଥନ କରୁଥିବା ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡିକୁ ଉପମାବାଚକ ଶବ୍ଦ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

Additional Information

• କାବ୍ୟରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ଅଳଙ୍କାରକୁ ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ ଦୁଇଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ । ଯଥା- ଶବ୍ଦାଳଙ୍କାର, ଅର୍ଥାଳଙ୍କାର ।
• ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଶବ୍ଦର ଚତ୍ମକାରିତା ପ୍ରତିପାଦନ କରିବା ଶବ୍ଦାଳଙ୍କାର ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ।
• କାବ୍ୟର ଯଥାର୍ଥ ସୌନ୍ଦର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଅର୍ଥାଳଙ୍କାର ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଭରଶୀଳ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
• ଅର୍ଥର ରମଣୀୟତା ଓସୌକୁମାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ବହୁପରିମାଣରେ ନିର୍ଭର କରିଥାଏ ଏହି ଅଳଙ୍କାରର ବ୍ୟବହାର ଉପରେ ।

The correct answer is - "1974-75"

Key Points

• By a quick reading of the passage, the 3rd line is clearly denotes that 1974-75 was the year of highest inflation levels.
• In the 3rd line of the passage, inflation overshot the level of 20% in 1973-74 and 1974-75 (25.2%).
• It shows that in 1973-74 the inflation level was 20% and in 1974-75 the inflation level was 25.2% (Highest).

​ So the correct option is Option 2

The correct solution is 'misery'.

Key Points

• The answer to this question can be found from the second last sentence of the passage, 'Many families struggle to make ends meet and millions live in misery due to poverty'.
• Here the sentence tells us that poverty is the cause of misery for millions.
• Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

The correct answer is - "Remove it."

Key Points

• From the given alternatives, the most correct answer is "Remove it." as it fits with the context appropriately.
• The given sentence is in Direct Speech.
  • He said, "I am writing a letter".
    The captain said to the soldiers, "Stand at ease".
• Commanded depicts that king is giving some order to his soldiers.
• As his soldiers mentioned here so it doesn't need any pronoun like you (Option 3).
• Option 2 is wrong as removed uses in indirect speech.
• Option 4 is wrong because given sentence is in Direct Speech and option makes it indirect.
• Thus Option 1 is correct option.

The correct answer is Soft beats of lake water.Key Points

• What the speaker "hears" in his deep heart's core is the sound of the lake water lapping against the shores of the lake isle of Innisfree.
• This line shows that the Isle home he thinks about in the middle of the lake is imaginary.
• In his memory and imagination, the speaker hears the quiet lapping of small waves along the lakeshore that are a constant sound there.

Thus, 'option 4' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Personification.Key Points

• Personification is a figure of speech in which human characteristics are attributed to an abstract quality, animal or inanimate object.
• "Dropping from the veils of the morning” in which word veil is a human attribute used to describe the morning.
• Peace is an abstract idea that Yeats personifies to come dropping slow like a person would come dropping slow.

Therefore, 'option 3' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is "had to punish any soldier who disobeyed his order"

Key Points

• In the third and fourth sentences from the passage, it is mentioned that he ordered all lights to be put out at 7·00 PM. At midnight the commander went round inspecting the camp.
• In the last sentence of the passage, it is mentioned that the commander told his son to add to his letter that by the time his mother received the letter he would have been shot dead for indiscipline.
• As per the third and fourth sentences from the passage, we can infer that the commander was inspecting whether the order to put out the lights at 7·00 PM was followed by his subordinates in the camp.
• As per the last sentence from the passage, we can infer that the son failed to obey the commander's order. Therefore, the commander entered his son's tent to punish him for his indicipline.
• Only option 4 provides the correct reason for the given question.
• All the other options are not mentioned in the passage.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 'disappointment'.

Key Points

• Although we use 'disappointment' to mean sadness or displeasure caused by the non-fulfilment of one's hopes or expectations, but it can also be used to refer to the person or thing that causes disappointment.
• Among the closely related words used for the purpose, we only use the term 'disappointment' for something that fails to meet the expectation and causes the feeling.
  • For example, I didn't want to be a disappointment to my father, so I left home for the job I got at hand.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

Additional Information

• When you are unhappy with an outcome or a situation, you can feel either disappointed or dissatisfied. The difference between the two is the amount of control that you feel you have over the unfulfilling situation: feeling disappointment implies that you do not feel that you can currently change much about it and that you have to conform to the situation. This puts disappointment closer to sadness. If you are dissatisfied, however, you feel that you do have some control or influence over the unfulfilling situation, and you want it to change, which puts dissatisfaction closer to frustration or annoyance.

Important Keywords

• discontent ⇒ dissatisfaction with one's circumstances; lack of contentment..
• dissatisfaction ⇒ lack of satisfaction.
• regret ⇒ the feeling of sadness, repentance, or disappointment over something that one has done or failed to do.

Russian Revolution, also called the Russian Revolution of 1917, were two revolutions in 1917, the first of which, in February overthrew the imperial government.

• The second of which, in October (November), placed the Bolsheviks in power.

Key Points

1. The Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDWP) originated in 1898 in Minsk.
2. The party's central organizer and later source of internal division were Vladimir Ilich Lenin.
3. The Russian Social Democratic Party provided leadership in the Russian revolution.

Additional Information

1. This party provided the leaders of the Russian communist party.

Hence, the Russian Social Democratic Party provided leadership for the Russian revolution.

The correct answer is 1°C per 32 meter

• The average rate of temperature rise with the depth from the surface of the interior of the earth is 1°C per 32 meter.
• Geothermal gradient is the rate of increasing temperature with respect to increasing depth in the Earth's interior.

Key Points

• Temperature and pressure increase with the increasing distance from the surface towards the interior in deeper depths.
• The density of the material also increases with depth.
• Knowing the total thickness of the earth, scientists have estimated the values of temperature, pressure and the density of materials at different depths.
• Continental crust is made up of heavier rocks having a density of 3 g/cm³. This type of rock found in the oceanic crust is basalt. The mean density of material in the oceanic crust is 2.7 g/cm3.
• The Mantle has a density higher than the crust’s (3.4 g/cm³).
• The density of material at the mantle core boundary is around 5 g/cm³ and at the centre of the earth at 6,300 km, the density value is around 13g/cm³.

1) ଉତ୍-ପ୍ରେକ୍ଷା ସଠିକ୍‍ ଉତ୍ତର

ଯଥାର୍ଥତା :

• ସାହିତ୍ୟକୁ ସରସ , ସୁନ୍ଦର ଓ ରମଣୀୟ କରିବାକୁ ଯେଉଁ ସୌନ୍ଦର୍ଯ୍ୟବର୍ଦ୍ଧକ ଉପାଦାନ ହୁଏ, ତାହାକୁ ଅଳଙ୍କାର କୁହାଯାଏ

ବିକଳ୍ପର ବିଶ୍ଳେଷଣ -

1. ଉତ୍-ପ୍ରେକ୍ଷା - ପ୍ରକୃତ ବସ୍ତୁରେ ଅପ୍ରକୃତ ବସ୍ତୁର ସମ୍ଭାବନା ବା ତର୍କଣା କରାଗଲେ ଉତ୍-ପ୍ରେକ୍ଷା ଅଳଙ୍କାର ହୁଏ
2. ବ୍ୟତିରେକ = ଯେଉଁ ଠାରେ ଉପମାନ ଠାରୁ ଉପମେୟର ଆଧିକ୍ୟ ବର୍ଣିତ ହେଲେ ବ୍ୟତିରେକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ହୁଏ
3. ଉପମା - ଯେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଉପମାନ ଉପମେୟ ସମାନ ଧର୍ମ ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତି ଓ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ସାଦୃଶ୍ୟ ସାଧାରଣବୋଧକ ଶବ୍ଦଦ୍ୱାରା ଅଭିହିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ, ସେଠାରେ ଉପମା ଅଳଙ୍କାର ହୁଏ
4. ରୂପକ - ଉପମାନ ଓ ଉପମେୟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଅଭେଦ କଳ୍ପିତ ହେଲେ ଓ ଉପମେୟରେ ଉପମାନର ଆରୋପ ହେଲେ ରୂପକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ହୁଏ

ଏଥିରୁ ଆମେ ଜାଣିପାରୁଯେ “ଚିନ୍ତା ଜଳରେ, ମନ ମିନ ତାର ବୁଡ଼ିଲା | ବୋଲେ ବଶି ସୀତା ହରିଲା ଦିନରୁ ଦଇବ ତାହାକୁ ଛାଡିଲା | " - ଏଠାରେ 1) ଉତ୍-ପ୍ରେକ୍ଷା ଅଳଙ୍କାର ପ୍ରଯୁକ୍ତ Additional Information

• କାବ୍ୟର ଅଳଙ୍କାରକୁ ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ 2 ଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଏ
• ଶବ୍ଦାଳଙ୍କାର ଓ ଅର୍ଥାଳଙ୍କାର
• ଯାହାଦ୍ୱାରା ଅର୍ଥ ରମଣୀୟ ଓ କିତ୍ତାକର୍ଷକ ହୁଏ , ତାହାକୁ ଅର୍ଥାଳଙ୍କାର କୁହାଯାଏ
• ଯାହାଦ୍ୱାରା ଶବ୍ଦ ସରସ , ସୁନ୍ଦର ଓ ଶ୍ରୁତିମଧୁର ହୁଏ ,ତାହାକୁ ଶବ୍ଦାଳଙ୍କାର କୁହାଯାଏ

2) ଜିଇଁବାର ଇଚ୍ଛା ସଠିକ୍‍ ଉତ୍ତର

ଯଥାର୍ଥତା :

• କେହି କେହି ଅଧିକ କଥାକୁ ଅଳ୍ପରେ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରନ୍ତି, କେହି କେହି ମଧ୍ଯ ଅଳ୍ପ କଥାକୁ ଅଧିକ ଭାବରେ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରନ୍ତି
• ଦୀର୍ଘ ବାକ୍ୟ ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଛୋଟ ବାକ୍ୟ କହିବାକୁ ଓ ଶୁଣିବାକୁ ଭଲ ଲାଗେ
• ତେଣୁ ଦୀର୍ଘ ବାକ୍ୟକୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ସଂକ୍ଷେପରେ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରାଯାଇପାରେ
• ଏପ୍ରକାରର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନକୁ ବାକ୍ୟ ସଂକ୍ଷେପଣ କୁହାଯାଏ
• ପୁନଶ୍ଚ ବାକ୍ୟ ସଂକ୍ଷେପଣ ନିମିତ୍ତ ଭାବ ଓ ଅର୍ଥକୁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ନ କରି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ଏକାଧିକ ପଦକୁ ସଂକ୍ଷେପ କରି ଗୋଟିଏ ପଦରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରାଯାଇପାରେ
• ଏହିପରି ଗୋଟିଏ ପଦରେ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିବା ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାକୁ ଏକପଦୀକରଣ କୁହାଯାଏ
• 'ଜିଗୀଷା' - ଏହାକୁ ବହୁପଦରେ ପ୍ରକାଶ କଲେ 2) ଜିଇଁବାର ଇଚ୍ଛା ହେବ

Additional Information

• ସଂକ୍ଷେପଣ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ସନ୍ଧି, ସମାସ, କୃଦନ୍ତ,ତଦ୍ଧିତ, ଉପସର୍ଗ ଓ ସମାର୍ଥବୋଧକ ଶବ୍ଦ ବିଶେଷ ଭାବରେ ସହାୟତା କରିଥାଆନ୍ତି
• ଏକ ବା ଏକାଧିକ ପଦ ମିଳିତ ହୋଇ ମନର ଭାବକୁ ସଂପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ରୂପେ ପ୍ରକାଶ କଲେ ବାକ୍ୟ ହୁଏ
• ବାକ୍ୟରେ ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ , ବିଶେଷଣ , କ୍ରିୟାପଦ, କର୍ତ୍ତା ରହିଥାଏ

3) ଅପାଦାନ ସଠିକ୍‍ ଉତ୍ତର

ଯଥାର୍ଥତା :

• ଏକ ବା ଏକାଧିକ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣ ମିଶି କୌଣସି ଅର୍ଥ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରୁଥିଲେ ତାକୁ ଶବ୍ଦ କୁହାଯାଏ
• ଏକ ବା ଏକାଧିକ ପଦ ମିଳିତ ହୋଇ ମନର ଭାବକୁ ସଂପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ରୂପେ ପ୍ରକାଶ କଲେ ବାକ୍ୟ ହୁଏ
• ବାକ୍ୟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ କ୍ରିୟା ପଦ ସହିତ ଅନ୍ୟ ପଦ ମାନଙ୍କ ଯେଉଁ ସମ୍ପର୍କ ଥାଏ , ତାହାକୁ କାରକ କୁହାଯାଏ
• କ୍ରିୟା ଯେଉଁ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ବା ଯେଉଁ ସମୟରେ ସାଧିତ ହୁଏ , ସେହି ସ୍ଥାନର ବା ସମୟରେ ଅଧିକରଣ କାରକ ହୁଏ
• କ୍ରିୟା ସହିତ ୬ଷ୍ଠୀ ବିଭକ୍ତିର କୌଣସି ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧ ନଥାଏ , ତେଣୁ ଏହାକୁ କାରକର ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ କରାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ
• ଏହା ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧ ପଦ ଭାବରେ ପରିଚିତ
• ଆକାଶରୁ ଜଳବିନ୍ଦୁ ପଡୁଛି । ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ ଅଂଶଟି 3) ଅପାଦାନ କାରକ

Additional Information

• ଭିନ୍ନ ଭିନ୍ନ ଅର୍ଥରେ ଶବ୍ଦ ସହିତ ଯେଉଁ ସବୁ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ ଯୋଗକରାଯାଇ ନୂତନ ଶବ୍ଦ ଗଠନ କରାଯାଏ , ସେହି ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ ଗୁଡିକୁ ତଦ୍ଧିତ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ କୁହାଯାଏ
• ଯେଉଁ ସବୁ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବା ବର୍ଣ୍ଣସମଷ୍ଟି ଦ୍ୱାରା ସଂଖ୍ୟା ଓ କାରକ ସୂଚିତ ହୁଏ , ତାହାକୁ ବିଭକ୍ତି କୁହାଯାଏ
• ବିଭକ୍ତି = ବି-ଉପସର୍ଗ + ଭଜ୍‍ ଧାତୁ + ତି ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ - ଯାହାର ଅର୍ଥ ବିଭାଗ / ବଣ୍ଟନ କରିବା
• ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାରର କାରକ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧ, ସେବ୍ୟସେବକ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧ , ଜନ୍ୟଜନକ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧ , ଆଧାର ଆଧେୟ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧ , କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକାରଣ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧ , ବିଶେଷଣ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧ , ବ୍ୟାପ୍ତି ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧ
• ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧ 6 ପ୍ରକାରର, ଏହାକୁ ଆଧାର କରି 6 ପ୍ରକାରର କାରକ ପଦ ଅଛି
• କର୍ତ୍ତା , କର୍ମ , କରଣ , ସଂପ୍ରଦାନ , ଅପାଦାନ ଓ କରଣ କାରକ
• ଅଧିକରଣ କାରକ 2 ଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଏ
• ସ୍ଥାନାଧିକରଣ / ଆଧାରାଧିକରଣ , କାଳାଧିକରଣ
• କ୍ରିୟାପଦ ପୂର୍ବରୁ କେଉଁଠାରୁ ଓ କେତେବେଳେ ଲଗାଇ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନକଲେ ଉତ୍ତରରେ ଅଧିକରଣ କାରକ ମିଳିଥା

1)୨ୟା ସଠିକ୍‍ ଉତ୍ତର

ଯଥାର୍ଥତା :

• ଏକ ବା ଏକାଧିକ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣ ମିଶି କୌଣସି ଅର୍ଥ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରୁଥିଲେ ତାକୁ ଶବ୍ଦ କୁହାଯାଏ
• ଏକ ବା ଏକାଧିକ ପଦ ମିଳିତ ହୋଇ ମନର ଭାବକୁ ସଂପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ରୂପେ ପ୍ରକାଶ କଲେ ବାକ୍ୟ ହୁଏ
• ଯେଉଁ ସବୁ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବା ବର୍ଣ୍ଣସମଷ୍ଟି ଦ୍ୱାରା ସଂଖ୍ୟା ଓ କାରକ ସୂଚିତ ହୁଏ , ତାହାକୁ ବିଭକ୍ତି କୁହାଯାଏ
• ବିଭକ୍ତି = ବି-ଉପସର୍ଗ + ଭଜ୍‍ ଧାତୁ + ତି ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ - ଯାହାର ଅର୍ଥ ବିଭାଗ / ବଣ୍ଟନ କରିବା
• ପ୍ରଧାନ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଛାତ୍ରମାନଙ୍କୁ ପୁରସ୍କାର ଦେଲେ - ଏଠାରେ ଛାତ୍ରମାନଙ୍କୁ କର୍ମବାଚ୍ୟରେ ବିଭକ୍ତି ହୋଇଛି
• କର୍ମକାରକରେ୨ୟା ବିଭକ୍ତି ହୁଏ
• ପ୍ରଧାନ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଛାତ୍ରମାନଙ୍କୁ ପୁରସ୍କାର ଦେଲେ । - ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ ପଦଟିରେ 1)୨ୟା ବିଭକ୍ତି ଯୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇଛି

Additional Information

• ବାକ୍ୟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ କ୍ରିୟା ପଦ ସହିତ ଅନ୍ୟ ପଦ ମାନଙ୍କ ଯେଉଁ ସମ୍ପର୍କ ଥାଏ , ତାହାକୁ କାରକ କୁହାଯାଏ
• ବିଭକ୍ତି 7 ଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ
• 1ମା , 2ୟା , 3ୟା , 4ର୍ଥୀ , 5ମୀ , 6ଷ୍ଠୀ , 7ମୀ
• ୨ୟା ବିଭକ୍ତି କର୍ମବାଚ୍ୟରେ , ଧିକ୍ ଯୋଗେ , ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ସଂଯୋଗ /ବ୍ୟାପ୍ତି ଅର୍ଥ / କାଳବାଚକ ଶବ୍ଦର , ନିକଟାର୍ଥକ୍/ଦୂରାର୍ଥକ ଶବ୍ଦ ଯୋଗେ , ଅନୁସାରେ ଅର୍ଥ ବୁଝାଇବାପାଇଁ , ବୀପ୍‍ସା/ଦ୍ୱିରୁକ୍ତି ବୁଝାଇବା ପାଇଁ , କର୍ମବାଚ୍ୟ ଓ ଭାବବାଚ୍ୟରେ କର୍ତ୍ତାର , ମୂଲ୍ୟ ଅର୍ଥରେ , ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ଓ ତୁଳନା ଅର୍ଥରେ ହୁଏ

The correct answer is Vittorio Emanuele Orlando.Key Points

• The Paris Peace Conference was the formal meeting in 1919 and 1920 of the victorious Allies after the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers.
• In 1919, the Big Four met in Paris to negotiate the Treaty: Lloyd George of Britain, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando of Italy, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the U.S.
• The five great powers (France, Britain, Italy, Japan, and the United States) controlled the Conference.
• The "Big Four" was the French Prime Minister. Georges Clemenceau, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, US President Woodrow Wilson, and Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Emanuele Orlando.

Additional Information

• David Lloyd George was one of the 20th century's most famous radicals. He was the first and only Welshman to hold the office of Prime Minister. Lloyd George, although born in Manchester, grew up in Caernarvonshire under the care of his uncle, who was a cobbler.
• Georges Clemenceau is most well known for being the Prime Minister of France during World War One and being one of the key shapers of the peace treaties after the war, including the Treaty of Versailles, in which he favored harsh punishment for Germany.
• Woodrow Wilson, a leader of the Progressive Movement, was the 28th President of the United States (1913-1921). After a policy of neutrality at the outbreak of World War I, Wilson led America into war in order to “make the world safe for democracy.”

Thus, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando represents Italy at the Paris Peace Conference.

The correct answer is the Canaries Current.Key Points

• The Canary Current is a wind-driven surface current that is part of the North Atlantic Gyre. This eastern boundary current branches south from the North Atlantic Current and flows southwest about as far as Senegal where it turns west and later joins the Atlantic North Equatorial Current.
• The cool temperature of the water is produced by upwelling caused by offshore winds from the continent. As the current flows around the Canary Islands, it helps to lessen the heating effect of the Sahara to the east. The thermal mixing creates excellent fishing grounds in the region.
• Hence, the Canaries current is a cold current while others are hot, hence it differs in the thermal property.

Additional Information

• The North Atlantic Current, also known as North Atlantic Drift and North Atlantic Sea Movement, is a powerful warm western boundary current within the Atlantic Ocean that extends the Gulf Stream northeastward.
• The relatively warm waters of the North Atlantic Drift are responsible for moderating the climate of western Europe, so that winters are less cold than would otherwise be expected at its latitude. Without the warm North Atlantic Drift, the UK and other places in Europe would be as cold as Canada, at the same latitude.
• The Gulf Stream is an intense, warm ocean current in the western North Atlantic Ocean. It moves north along the coast of Florida and then turns eastward off of North Carolina, flowing northeast across the Atlantic.
• The Gulf Stream is formed from the convergence of the North Atlantic Equatorial Current bringing tropical water from the east, and the Florida Current which brings warm water from the Gulf of Mexico. The Gulf Stream takes this warm water and transports it northwards along the U.S. east coast.
• The Florida Current is a thermal ocean current that flows from the Straits of Florida around the Florida Peninsula and along the southeastern coast of the United States before joining the Gulf Stream Current near Cape Hatteras. Its contributing currents are the Loop Current and the Antilles Current.

Thus, Canaries Current is different from the other three in terms of its thermal property.

Learners’ initiation into speaking is a result of listening to the English language in a context. That context can be home or school. It familiarizes the learners with the vocabulary and structures of the target language. Each child takes their own time in learning to speak a language.

Key Points Speaking is “the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal and nonverbal symbols, in a variety of contexts”. Though speaking is an important part of language learning it is often neglected and reduced to a few pronunciation drills. By asking a child to speak a language, the teacher tests his/her proficiency in speaking.

• The speaker has to use the right tone.
• They have the ability to distinguish sounds of a language clearly enough so that people can recognize them.
• They use stress and rhythmic patterns, intonation patterns in such a way that it is easily recognizable.
• They use the correct forms of verbs.
• They put words together in the correct order.
• They use vocabulary appropriately.
• They use language appropriately.
• They make the main ideas stand out.
• They make sure that the speech is interconnected so that people follow what you are saying.

Thus, it is concluded that by asking a child to speak a language, the teacher tests his/her proficiency in speaking.

The Second World War came to an end on May 7, 1945.

Key Points

• World War II was a devastating global conflict that began in 1939 and ended in 1945.
• It involved 100 million people from over 30 countries.
• World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 70 to 85 million fatalities.
• Tens of millions of people died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), premeditated death from starvation, massacres, and disease.
• The Second World War came to an end on May 7, 1945.
• Realizing that the war was lost, Hitler committed suicide in his bunker on April 30, 1945.
• On May 2nd Soviet Troops captured Berlin.
• On May 7th, 1945 World War II came to an end with the surrender of Nazi Germany at Reims in France.
• This became official when the surrender documents were signed on May 9th in Berlin.
• Japan's surrender came after the events of 6 and 9 August 1945 when the United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Hence, we can conclude that the Second World War came to an end on May 7, 1945.

President can dismiss the Election Commission of Odisha.

Important Points

• The Chief Election Commissioner is elected by the President.
• The Election Commissioners of states are supposedly elected by the respective State Governors.
• According to the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment acts, the State Election Commissioners play a role in conducting the elections to the panchayats and to the municipalities.
• The respective State Governors will elect the members of the State Election Commission.
• However, they cannot remove them from their position.

• The President who has the highest elective office in India has the power to dismiss the State Election Commissioner on genuine grounds in a regulated manner.

Thus, we can conclude that President can dismiss the Election Commission of Odisha.

The correct option is 2) Ankleswar

Important Points

• Ankleswar oil field is an on-shore oil field situated in Ankleshwar, a city and a municipality in the Bharuch district of Gujarat
• It occupies a region of around 30 sq km and is located in the Bharauch district.
• This region's oil dates back to the Eocene, which began in 1961.
• It contains a lot of kerosene and gasoline.
• The Koyali petroleum refinery receives the crude oil from this area.
• Oil reserves found on land are referred to as onshore oil fields, whereas offshore oil fields are found on the seafloor.

Additional Information

• Bassein is a producing conventional gas field run by Oil and Natural Gas that is situated offshore in shallow water in India. The field is situated in the Mumbai High NW block, with a 246-foot depth of water.
• Aliabet oilfield is situated in the Bhavnagar district of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat
• Bombay High An offshore oilfield known as Bombay High (now Mumbai High) field is situated in the Arabian Sea about 160 kilometres (km) west of the Mumbai coast in India. The field was found in 1974, started producing in 1976, and is run by the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).

Childhood refers to the period of the human lifespan, ranging from birth to puberty. It consists of many developmental stages and 'adolescence' is one of them.

'Adolescence' comes from the Latin word 'Adolescere' which means 'to grow to become mature'. It a stage which lies between the age of '12 to 19 years'.

Cognitive Developmental Changes in Adolescence:

• Adolescents’ thought becomes more abstract, logical, and idealistic. They become more capable of examining their own thoughts, observing others’ thoughts, and what others are thinking about them.
• It is a stage in which developing Identity provides adolescents a belief in their abilities. The formation of identity during adolescence is influenced by several factors such as cultural background, family and societal values, ethnic background, etc.
• Adolescents have certain specific interests that fall within the different categories, the most important of which are recreational interests, social interests, personal interests, educational interests, vocational interests, religious interests, and interest in status symbols.
• Adolescents’ developing ability to reason gives them a new level of cognitive and social awareness. During this stage, adolescent thinking expands beyond actual concrete experiences and they begin to think more in abstract terms and reason about them.

Hence, we can conclude that the word 'adolescence' comes from the Latin word 'Adolescere'.

The development process passes through different stages. Each stage of development has certain distinct and specific characteristics.

• Childhood stage of any child is known as it's gang stage. This stage a child starts to enter into formal schooling and start building their Social relations.
• They start living organized group life by developing a strong sense of loyalty towards their gang by following certain rules and codes of conduct.
• In this stage, they are faithful and obedient towards their gang/group.

The Stages of Development:-

Hence, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that the Childhood stage of development is also called as 'gang age'.

Development can be defined as a broad term that includes a series of qualitative and progressive changes. The development of human beings is divided into different stages such as Infancy, Childhood, Adolescence, and Adulthood.

• Adolescence is a phase of the life of a person when he is no more a child and not yet an adult. This is a critical time in life because the experiences, knowledge, and skills acquired in adolescence have important implications in adulthood.

Key Points

"The one word which best characterizes adolescence is 'change'. The change is physiological, sociological and psychological". This statement is stated by Biggie and Hunt as:

• The word adolescence is derived from the Latin word “adolescere” meaning “to grow up” or “to mature.” It is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood that involves a number of changes in body and mind.
• Adolescence is a phase of life between 11-19 years of age characterized by physical, emotional, psychosocial, and behavioral changes, thus, bringing about transformation from childhood to adulthood.
  • ​Physiological changes: These are physical changes. For example, Increase in height, development of muscle mass, etc.
  • Sociological changes: These are the changes that are not observable as physical but definitely the behavior of adolescents changes due to emotional and social changes happening in their minds. For example, Conflicts with family/elders.
  • Psychological changes: Adolescents develop stronger reasoning skills, logical and moral thinking, and become more capable of abstract thinking and making rational judgments.

​Thus, it is concluded that the above statement is of Biggie and Hunt.

There are several things a teacher must keep in mind when dealing with students in classroom management. There is a basic rule: she must see that she doesn't hurt them physically or emotionally. This world proves psychologically harmful to the student, and our purpose is surely not to hurt them but to better them as individuals.

Important Point

When students coming late to school, it can disrupt the flow of a lecture or discussion, distract other students, impede learning, and generally erode class morale. Moreover, if left unchecked, lateness can become chronic and spread throughout the class.

• If the students indulge in deviant behavior, the teacher must take instant action and not allow it to persist for a long time e.g. if a student is coming late to school repeatedly, the teacher should speak to the student immediately after the class.
• If a student coming late to school, the teacher should try to know the reason behind it. Because there are several possible reasons, considering the causes are at the root of the problem can help me to appropriate responses and strategies.
• Analyze the causes and take a necessary step:- If some students are coming late to school, it is the teacher's duty to ask them the reasons for late coming and then take necessary steps after knowing the reasons.

Guilford thought that intellect is a culmination of several processes. In Guilford’s intelligence model, intelligence is viewed as comprising operations, contents, and products.

Key Points

• All mental faculties were arranged in a three-dimensional framework in the intellectual model's construction.
• The content dimensions include - Visual, auditory, symbolic, and semantic behavior
• The operation dimensions include- Cognition, memory recording, memory retention Divergent production, convergent production, and Evaluation.
• The product dimensions include- Units, classes, relations, systems, Transformations, and implications.

Hence, it is concluded that Synthesis is not included in the mental process.

Learning refers to the modification of behavioral patterns as it modifies the behavior and personality of an individual. Learning is an internal activity that leads to a change in behavior. It can't be directly observed.

Key Points

• Learning is a comprehensive process that refers to a change in behavior, knowledge, and skills as a result of practice and experience.
• According to Cronbach, “Learning to be a change in behavior as a result of experience.”
• Learning is a behavior change, for better or worse.
• Learning is a change that takes place through practice or experience; changes due to natural growth or maturation are not learning.

Thus, it is concluded that Cron bach defined "Learning to be a change in behavior as a result of experience".

National Curriculum Framework (NCF 2005) is one of the four NCFs published in India by NCERT. It seeks to provide a framework for the betterment of educational purposes and experiences.

Key Points The NCF 2005 has recommended five guiding principles:-

• Connecting knowledge to life outside school.
• Ensuring that learning shifts from rote methods.
• Enriching curriculum so that it goes beyond textbooks.
• Making examinations more flexible and integrating them with classroom life.
• Nurturing an overriding identity informed by caring concerns within the democratic polity of the country.

Hence, we can conclude that student's need to appear in examinations regularly is not a guiding principle of NCF.

The National Curriculum Framework published in 2005 by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) in India, is quite significant for bringing contemporary changes in school and teacher education curricula. Keeping in view the changing perspectives and contexts of school education across the globe, necessary curricular changes have been recommended in NCF, 2005.

Key Points

• NCERT has published four national curriculum frameworks, the first in 1975, the second in 1988, the third in 2000, and the fourth in 2005.
• NCF promotes universal enrollment and retention of children by formulating a child-centered approach.
• The NCF has aimed at bringing reforms in the education system by creating constructive learning by developing a learner-centric curriculum, that fosters autonomy for the learner.
• In the present time education runs according to NCF 2005. NCF 2005 has been translated into 22 languages and influenced the syllabi in 17 states.
• It emphasizes nurturing and identity of prime importance informed by caring concerns within the country’s democratic polity.

Thus, it is concluded that National Curriculum Framework-2005 has been prepared by NCERT.

Intelligence refers to the global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment. Key Points

The following are the characteristics of intelligence:-

• It is an innate, natural power and not acquired.
• It is the ability to acquire new skills and use the existing knowledge to complete a task or deal with a situation.
• Intelligence includes the capacity to understand novel stimuli, learn the language and communicate with others, be aware of the environment, and have the ability to reason, plan, and solve problems creatively.
• Power of intelligence differs from individual to individual.
• Heredity and environment exercise a good deal of influence on intelligence
• It is not limited to the cognitive domain only. This adaptive potentiality consists of a range of skills that help one to overcome life problems, to grow, and become what one wants to be.

Thus, it is concluded that boys are more intelligent than girls is not a characteristic of intelligence.