OSSTET (TGT Arts) Mock Test - 3 - OTET MCQ

2) ଅତି ବୁଦ୍ଧିଆ ସଠିକ୍‍ ଉତ୍ତର

ଯଥାର୍ଥତା :

• ଲୋକମୁଖରେ ଚଳିଆସୁଥିବା ଓ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପରିସ୍ଥିତିରେ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କରାଯାଉଥିବା ବିଶେଷ ଉକ୍ତିଗୁଡିକୁ ଲୋକବାଣୀ କୁହାଯାଏ
• ଉଡିଗଲା ଚଢେଇର ପର ଗଣିବା - ଏହି ଲୋକବାଣୀଟିର ଅର୍ଥ 2) ଅତି ବୁଦ୍ଧିଆ

Additional Information

• ଓଡିଆ ଭାଷାରେ ବହୁସଂଖ୍ୟକ ଲୋକବାଣୀ ରହିଛି
• ଏହାକୁ ପ୍ରବାଦ ଓ ପ୍ରବଚନ ମଧ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ
• ଏହା କିଏ ଲେଖିଛି ତାହା କାହାକୁ ଜଣାନାହିଁ କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହା ଆମ ଭାଷା ଓ ଚଳଣୀର ଏକ ଅନ୍ଗ

• ଯେଉଁ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବା ବର୍ଣ୍ଣସମଷ୍ଟି ଦ୍ଵାରା ସଂଖ୍ୟା (ଏକବଚନ, ବହୁବଚନ) କାରକ (କର୍ତ୍ତା, କର୍ମ, କରଣ ପ୍ରଭୃତି) ସୂଚିତ ହୁଏ ତାହାକୁ ବିଭକ୍ତି କୁହାଯାଏ।
• ବିଭକ୍ତି ସାତ ଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ, ଯଥା – ପ୍ରଥମା, ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟା, ତୃତୀୟା, ଚତୁର୍ଥୀ, ପଞ୍ଚମୀ, ଷଷ୍ଠୀ ଓ ସପ୍ତମୀ ବିଭକ୍ତି।
• ବିଭକ୍ତି ଶବ୍ଦଟି ବି - ଉପସର୍ଗ ‘ଭଜ୍’ ଧାତୁ ଓ ‘ତି’ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ ଯୋଗରେ ଗଠିତ, ଯାହାର ଆଭିଧାନିକ ଅର୍ଥ ହେଉଛି ବିଭାଗ ବା ବଣ୍ଟନ କରିବା।

• ତୃତୀୟା ବିଭକ୍ତିର ଏକବଚନ ଚିହ୍ନଗୁଡିକ ହେଉଛି - ଏ, ରେ, ଦ୍ଵାରା, ଦେହି, ଦେଇ, କର୍ତ୍ତୃକ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି; ଏବଂ ବହୁବଚନର ଚିହ୍ନ ଗୁଡିକ ହେଉଛି - ମାନଙ୍କଦ୍ଵାରା, ମାନଙ୍କଦେଇ, ମାନଙ୍କ ଦେହି, ମାନଙ୍କ କର୍ତ୍ତୃକ।
• କାରଣ ବା ହେତୁ ଅର୍ଥରେ ତୃତୀୟା ବିଭକ୍ତି ଲାଗିଥାଏ।
• ଯଥା: ସେ ରୋଗରେ କଷ୍ଟ ପାଉଛନ୍ତି। ମୁନି ଅଭିଶାପରେ ଯଦୁବଂଶ କ୍ଷୟ ଗଲା।
• ଏଠାରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ''ପିଲାଟି ମ୍ୟାଲେରିଆରେ କଷ୍ଟ ପାଉଛି'' ବାକ୍ୟଟିରେ ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ ପଦଟି 'ମ୍ୟାଲେରିଆରେ' ପିଲାଟିର କଷ୍ଟ ପାଇବାର କାରଣ ବା ହେତୁକୁ ସୂଚାଉଛି।
• ପୁନଶ୍ଚ 'ମ୍ୟାଲେରିଆରେ' ଶବ୍ଦଟିରେ 'ମ୍ୟାଲେରିଆ' ସହ ତୃତୀୟ ବିଭକ୍ତି ଏକବଚନ ଚିହ୍ନ 'ରେ' ଯୁକ୍ତ ହେଉଛି।
• ଅତଏବ ଏଦିଗରେ ଏହା ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଯେ ବ୍ୟାକରଣିକ ନିୟମାନୁଯାୟୀ ବାକ୍ୟଟିରେ କାରଣ ବା ହେତୁ ଅର୍ଥରେ ତୃତୀୟା ବିଭକ୍ତି ଲାଗିଛି।​

• ଅନ୍ୟ ବିକଳ୍ପଗୁଡିକ ମଧ୍ୟରେ; ପ୍ରଥମା ବିଭକ୍ତିର ଏକବଚନ ଚିହ୍ନଗୁଡିକ ହେଉଛି - ଟି, ଟା, ଟେ, ଟାଏ, ଟିଏ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି; ଏବଂ ବହୁବଚନର ଚିହ୍ନ ଗୁଡିକ ହେଉଛି - ଏ, ମାନ, ମାନେ, ଗୁଡ଼ିକ, ଗୁଡ଼ାକ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି।
• ଚତୁର୍ଥୀ ବିଭକ୍ତିର ଏକବଚନ ଚିହ୍ନଗୁଡିକ ହେଉଛି - କୁ, ଙ୍କୁ, କି, ଙ୍କି, ପାଇଁ, ନିମିତ୍ତ, ସକାଶ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି; ଏବଂ ବହୁବଚନର ଚିହ୍ନ ଗୁଡିକ ହେଉଛି - ଙ୍କୁ, ମାନଙ୍କୁ, ମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ, ମାନଙ୍କ ନିମିତ୍ତ, ମାନଙ୍କ ସକାଶ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି।
• ଷଷ୍ଠୀ ବିଭକ୍ତିର ଏକବଚନ ଚିହ୍ନଗୁଡିକ ହେଉଛି - ର, ଙ୍କ, ଙ୍କର ଇତ୍ୟାଦି; ଏବଂ ବହୁବଚନର ଚିହ୍ନ ଗୁଡିକ ହେଉଛି - ଙ୍କର, ମାନଙ୍କ, ମାନଙ୍କର, ଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଇତ୍ୟାଦି।

• କୌଣସି ଶବ୍ଦ ନିଜସ୍ବ ଅର୍ଥ ଛାଡ଼ି, ଅନ୍ୟ ଶବ୍ଦ ସହିତ ମିଶି ସ୍ବତନ୍ତ୍ର ଅର୍ଥ ପ୍ରକାଶ କଲେ ଏହାକୁ ‘ରୂଢ଼ି’ କୁହାଯାଏ।
• ଧାତୁରୁ ଶବ୍ଦ ଗଢ଼ା ହୁଏ। ଗୋଟିଏ ଶବ୍ଦରୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଅନ୍ୟ ଶବ୍ଦ ଗଢ଼ା ହୋଇଥାଏ, ଶବ୍ଦ ତିନି ପ୍ରକାର–ରୂଢ଼, ଯୌଗିକ ଓ ଯୋଗରୂଢ଼।
• ଯେଉଁ ଶବ୍ଦ ପ୍ରକୃତି ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟଗତ ଅର୍ଥ ପ୍ରକାଶ ନ କରି ଭିନ୍ନ ଅର୍ଥ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରେ, ତାହା ରୂଢ଼ ଶବ୍ଦ।
• ଯଥା— କ୍ଷତ– ତ୍ରୈ + ଅ = କ୍ଷତ୍ର। ‘କ୍ଷତ୍ର’ ଶବ୍ଦର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟଗତ ଅର୍ଥ– ଯେ କ୍ଷତରୁ ତ୍ରାଣ କରେ। ମାତ୍ର ଏହାର ସାଧାରଣ ଅର୍ଥ–ଜାତି ବିଶେଷ।
• ରୂଢ଼ି– ବି (ଗୃହ—ତି) ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧି, ଉତ୍ପତ୍ତି, ବ୍ୟୁତ୍ପତ୍ତି – ବହିର୍ଭୂତ ଅର୍ଥ ପ୍ରକାଶର ଶକ୍ତି।
• ଯଥା: ଅନ୍ଧାରକୁ ଟେକା ପକାଇବା - ଏହି ଖଣ୍ଡବାକ୍ୟର ଅର୍ଥ ନୁହେଁ କୌଣସି ଅନ୍ଧାରିଆ ସ୍ଥାନକୁ ଟେକା ଫୋପାଡ଼ିବା।
• ଏହାର ଅର୍ଥ ହେଉଛି କୌଣସି ବିଷୟରେ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଜ୍ଞାନ ବା ଧାରଣା ଅର୍ଜନ ନ କରି କେବଳ ଅନୁମାନକୁ ଭିତ୍ତିକରି କୌଣସି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରିବା।
• ଭାବଗତ ସାମ୍ୟ ଯାହା ଥାଉନା କାହିଁକି, ଏଠାରେ ‘ଅନ୍ଧାରକୁ’,‘ଟେକା’ ଓ ‘ପକାଇବା’ ଶବ୍ଦ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଆଭିଧାନିକ ବା ବ୍ୟୁତ୍ପତ୍ତିଗତ ଅର୍ଥକୁ ତ୍ୟାଗକରି ଅଲଗା ଏକ ରୂଢ଼ ଅର୍ଥକୁ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତ କରୁଛନ୍ତି।
• ତେଣୁ କୌଣସି ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶ ମୂଳ ଅର୍ଥକୁ ଅତିକ୍ରମ କରି ଏକ ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ଅର୍ଥରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହେଲେ ତାହାକୁ ରୂଢ଼ି କୁହାଯାଏ।
• ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଭାଷାରେ ଏହାର ଉଦାହରଣ ଦେଖିବାକୁ ମିଳେ। ରୂଢ଼ି ପ୍ରୟୋଗ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଅଭିବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ସରସ, ସୁନ୍ଦର ହୁଏ। ଯୁଗଯୁଗରୁ ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସ୍ଵତନ୍ତ୍ର ବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜନା ନେଇ ଫୁଟି ଉଠିଛନ୍ତି।
• ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଭାଷାରେ ପ୍ରଚଳିତ ରୂଢ଼ିପ୍ରୟୋଗର ତିନୋଟି ଧାରା ପରିଲକ୍ଷିତ ହୁଏ।
• ଯଥା: କ୍ରିୟାହୀନ ରୂଢ଼ି (ପଦ ସଂହତିରେ କ୍ରିୟା ପଦ ନ ଥାଏ), କ୍ରିୟାଯୁକ୍ତ ରୂଢ଼ି (ପଦ ସଂହତିରେ କ୍ରିୟା ପଦ ଥାଏ) ଓ ତୁଳନାତ୍ମକ ରୂଢ଼ି (ପଦ ସଂହତିରେ ଉପମାବାଚକ ଶବ୍ଦର ବ୍ୟବହାର ଦେଖାଯାଏ)।
• କ୍ରିୟାହୀନ ରୂଢ଼ି: ଅନ୍ଧର ଲଉଡ଼ି–(ଅସହାୟର ସହାୟ) - ଶ୍ରବଣ କୁମାର ବୃଦ୍ଧ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କର ଅନ୍ଧର ଲଉଡ଼ି ଥିଲେ।
• କ୍ରିୟାଯୁକ୍ତ ରୂଢ଼ି: ଆଖିଦେବା/ଦୃଷ୍ଟିପକାଇବା–(ବିଷ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରେ ଦେଖିବା/ଲୋଭ କରିବା) - ପରଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ ପ୍ରତି ଆଖିଦେବା/ଦୃଷ୍ଟି ପକାଇବା ଠିକ୍ ନୁହେଁ।
• ତୁଳନାତ୍ମକ ରୂଢ଼ି: ଏଣ୍ଡୁଅ ପରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ ଟୁଙ୍ଗାରିବା– ସେ କିଛି ବୁଝୁ ନ ବୁଝୁ ସବୁବେଳେ ଏଣ୍ଡୁଅ ପରି ମୁଣ୍ଡ ଟୁଙ୍ଗାରୁଥାଏ।

• ଦତ୍ତ 'କୁହୁଡ଼ି ପହଁରିବା' - ରୂଢ଼ିଟିର ପଦ ସଂହତିରେ କ୍ରିୟା ପଦ ଥିବା ହେତୁ ଏହା ଏକ କ୍ରିୟାଯୁକ୍ତ ରୂଢ଼ି।
• ଏହି କ୍ରିୟାଯୁକ୍ତ ରୂଢ଼ିଟିକୁ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କରି ଗୋଟିଏ ଉଦାହରଣ ଦେଖିବା:-
• ଆଜିକାଲିର ନେତାମାନଙ୍କର କଥାରେ ବିଶ୍ୱାସ କରିବା କୁହୁଡ଼ି ପହଁରିବା ସହିତ ସମାନ।
• ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟଟିରୁ 'ଆଜିକାଲିର ନେତାମାନଙ୍କର କଥାରେ ବିଶ୍ୱାସ କରିବା ବୃଥା ପରିଶ୍ରମ କରିବା ସହିତ ସମାନ, କାରଣ ଆଜିକାଲିର ନେତାମାନଙ୍କର କଥା କେବଳ ଲୋକ ଦେଖଣା ପାଇଁ, ପ୍ରକୃତରେ ତାହା କେବେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକାରୀ ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ' ଅର୍ଥ ଲାଘବ ହେଉଛି।
• ଅତଏବ 'କୁହୁଡ଼ି ପହଁରିବା' – କ୍ରିୟାଯୁକ୍ତ ରୂଢ଼ିଟି 'ବୃଥା ପରିଶ୍ରମ' ଅର୍ଥକୁ ସାଧନ କରୁଅଛି।

• ଅନ୍ୟ ବିକଳ୍ପ ଗୁଡିକ 'କୁହୁଡ଼ି ପହଁରିବା' କ୍ରିୟାଯୁକ୍ତ ରୂଢ଼ିଟିର ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ରୂଢ଼ ଅର୍ଥକୁ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତ କରିବା ନିମିତ୍ତ ଅସମର୍ଥ ହେତୁ ଉଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ଉତ୍ତର ନୁହଁ।

ସଠିକ୍ ଉତ୍ତର ହେଉଛି-ଆମର ପାରମ୍ପରିକ ମନୋବୃତ୍ତିକୁ

Key Points

• ଗୋଟିଏ ଗଣତାନ୍ତ୍ରିକ ସମାଜରେ ସାହିତ୍ୟର ସାମାଜିକ ଦାୟିତ୍ୱ ଅନସ୍ୱୀକାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ।
• ପାଠ୍ୟ-ପୁସ୍ତକ ଜାତୀୟକରଣ ପରେ ପ୍ରାଇଜ୍‌ ସିଲାବସ୍‌ରୁ ବାହାରି ପଦାକୁ ଆସି ପାରି ନ ଥିବା ଆମ ସାହିତ୍ୟ ମଲାଣି କି ବଞ୍ଚିଛି ତଦନ୍ତ କରିବାପାଇଁ ଏକ କମିଶନ ବସିବା ଦରକାର ପଡୁଛି।
• ପ୍ରକୃତିର ଅତ୍ୟାଚାରରୁ ଲୋକଙ୍କୁ ରକ୍ଷା କରିବାର ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଅଭ୍ୟୁଦୟର ଗୋଟିଏ କାରଣ। ବିଜ୍ଞାନର ଅଭ୍ୟୁଦୟ ଓ ଗଣତନ୍ତ୍ର ବିକାଶ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧଯୁକ୍ତ ବୋଲି ପ୍ରମାଣ କରିବା ହୁଏତ କଷ୍ଟକର ।
• ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ପ୍ରତି ଆମର ଦୃଷ୍ଟିକୋଣ ହେଲା ଗୋଟିଏ ଆଚ୍ଛଦ ପରି ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଆମପାଇଁ ମୂଲଲାଗୁ ।

ଯଥାର୍ଥତା:

• ପ୍ରତି ନୂତନ ଯୁଗ ମଣିଷପାଇଁ ନୂଆ ସତ୍ୟ, ଜୀବନର ନୂଆ ରୂପ ନୂଆ ଅର୍ଥ, ନୂଆ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣାର ସମ୍ବାବନା ନେଇ ଆସେ । ମଣିଷକୁ ଚ୍ୟାଲେଞ୍ଜ କରି ଆସେ ।
• ତା'ର ଆହ୍ଵାନକୁ କର୍ଣ୍ଣପାତ ନ କରି ଆମେ ଅତୀତର ଜୀବନ୍ୟାସପାଇଁ ତନ୍ତ୍ରସାଧନା କରୁଛୁ । ପ୍ରତି ନୂତନ ଯୂଗରେ ମଣିଷ ଅନେକ ରାଜ୍ୟ ହରାଏ, ପୁଣି ଅନେକ ନୂଆ ରାଜ୍ୟ ଜିଣିନିଏ ।
• ମାତ୍ର ଯେଉଁ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭମାନଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଆଧୁନିକ ସମାଜ ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠିତ ଯେଉଁ ସେନାପତିଙ୍କ ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ଆମେ ନୂତନ ରାଜ୍ୟ ଜିଣନ୍ତୁ, ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ଆମେ କେଉଁ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରେ ଦେଖୁ ?

ସଠିକ୍ ଉତ୍ତର ହେଉଛି- ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବା

Key Points

• ପଦ ବା ପଦ ସମଷ୍ଟିର ମୌଳିକ ଅର୍ଥ ବ୍ୟତିରକେ ଅନ୍ୟ ଅର୍ଥରେ ବ୍ୟବହାରକୁ ରୂଢି ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
• ଅର୍ଥ ଓ ରୂପ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରୁ ରୂଢି ଏକ ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶ ହେଲେ ହେଁ, ଏହାର ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ପ୍ରଚ୍ଛନ୍ନ ଭାବର ପରିପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ପ୍ରକାଶ ସମ୍ଭବ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
• ରୂଢିର ବ୍ୟୁତ୍ପତ୍ତିଗତ ଅର୍ଥ ହେଉଛି ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧି ସମ୍ପନ୍ନ ।
• ତେଣୁ ଲୋକଭଙ୍ଗୀର ଏକ ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ରୀତିସିଦ୍ଧ ଶବ୍ଦ ଚାତୁରୀକୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ରୂଢି କୁହାଯାଇପାରେ ।
• ଯୁକ୍ତିସିଦ୍ଧ ବା ବୈୟାକରଣିକ ଗଠନରୀତି ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଲୌକିକ ବ୍ୟବହାର ଉପରେ ଏହାର ସାର୍ଥକତା ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ ନିର୍ଭର କରିଥାଏ ।

ଯଥାର୍ଥତା

• କାନ୍ଧ ଲଗାଇବା - ରୂଢିଟିର ଅର୍ଥ ହେଉଛି ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବା ।
• ଏହା ଏକ କ୍ରିୟାଯୁକ୍ତ ରୁଢି ।
• ଯେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶରେ କ୍ରିୟାପଦ ଥାଏ , ତାହା କ୍ରିୟାଯୁକ୍ତ ରୂଢି ଅଟେ । ଯଥା- ଅକଲସଲାମି, କାଠିକର ପାଠ
• ରୂଢି ଅନୁଭୂତିଲବ୍ଧ ଏକ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷଜ୍ଞାନ, ଯଦିଓ ଏହାର ପ୍ରକାଶଭଙ୍ଗୀ ପରୋକ୍ଷ ରୀତିକୁ ଅବଲମ୍ବନ କରିଥାଏ।
• ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ, ବିଶେଷଣ ଓ କ୍ରିୟାପଦର ଗୁରୁତ୍ବ ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ଓଡିଆ ଭାଷାରେ ପ୍ରଚଳିତ ରୂଢିକୁ ତିନିଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ । ଯଥା- କ୍ରିୟାଯୁକ୍ତ ରୂଢି, କ୍ରିୟାହୀନ ରୂଢି, ତୁଳନାତ୍ମକ ରୂଢି ।

The correct answer is To get along with others.Key Points

• The poet wants the people to learn to get along with others.
• 'Get along with others' means to be friendly with each other.
• It means when people will not blame others for their mistakes.

Thus, 'option 1' is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• The poem conveys the message that the people of the world should live with each other in harmony.

The correct answer is - "was worried"

Key Points

• From the given alternatives, the most appropriate answer is "was worried".
• Option 2 makes sentence vague as it will say king become tired.
• Option 4 is wrong as it contains base form of verb weary(which means tired) with was (past tense).
• Option 1 is wrong because it makes the sentence active and the given sentence is in Passive Voice.
• Passive Voice needs 3rd form of Verb ( Worried).
• Thus, Option 3 is correct answer.

The correct answer is - "lay down"

Key Points

• From the given alternatives, the most correct answer is "lay down".
• Lay down means to put (something) down gently or carefully.
  • Eg. She laid the baby down on the bed.
• Let us see the meaning of the given option -
  • Lie down - to lie on floor
  • Other are same as lie down.
• Thus, Option 1 is correct option.

The Correct Answer is Option (2) i.e Sutlej.

• The Sutlej river is the eastern-most tributary of the Indus river.
• It is the longest of the five rivers that flow through Punjab in Northern India and Pakistan.
• The Sutlej river rises from the Kailash mountain near Mansarovar lake (Tibet).
• The important tributaries of the river Sutlej are- Baspa River, Spiti River, the Nogli Khad, and Soan River.

The correct option is Calorie intake.

• Poverty is the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions

Important Points

• Income method: In this method, there is a certain minimum income.
• Consumption method: A minimum nutritional food requirement is measured and energy obtained from this food is measured in calories

• Expenditure methods: In this method, the poverty line is estimated by using the expenditure of the person as a minimum level of food requirement, clothing, and footwear.

• The poverty ratio is measured from an exogenously determined poverty line quantified in terms of per capita consumption expenditure over a month

Additional Information

• The Tendulkar Committee had in 2011-12 estimated poverty lines and poverty ratios based on the monthly per capita consumption expenditure.
• Accordingly, the poverty line at all India levels was estimated as a monthly per-capita consumption expenditure of Rs 816 for rural areas and Rs 1000 for urban areas.

Hence the correct option is Calorie intake.

The correct answer is Sub tropical high-pressure belt. Key Points

• The subtropical high-pressure belt region is also known as the horse latitude. These latitudes are characterized by calm winds and little precipitation.
• These ships often encountered areas of high pressure and calm winds, making them unable to sail and resupply for days or even weeks. The crews often ran out of drinking water. To conserve water for their own survival, the sailors would throw the horses into the sea, hence the name horse latitudes.
• A horse latitude is a belt of calm air and sea in both the northern and southern hemispheres between the trade winds and the westerlies.

Additional Information

• The "doldrums" is a popular nautical term that refers to the belt around the Earth near the equator where sailing ships sometimes get stuck on windless waters. This NASA satellite image shows the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone, known to sailors around the world as the doldrums.
• Polar Highs: At the North and South Poles, between 700 to 900 North and South, the temperatures are always extremely low. The cold descending air gives rise to high pressures over the Poles. These areas of high pressure are known as the Polar Highs.
• the equatorial low: Near the equator the sea level pressure is low and the area is known as the equatorial low. Along 30° N and 30° S are found the high-pressure areas known as the subtropical highs. Further pole wards along 60° N and 60° S, the low-pressure belts are termed as the subpolar lows.

Thus, Sub tropical high-pressure belt on the globe is otherwise known as the Horse Latitude.

ସଠିକ ଉତ୍ତର ହେଉଛି- ସୁଖମୟ ଦାମ୍ପତ୍ୟ ଜୀବନ

Key Points

• ପଦ ବା ପଦ ସମଷ୍ଟିର ମୌଳିକ ଅର୍ଥ ବ୍ୟତିରକେ ଅନ୍ୟ ଅର୍ଥରେ ବ୍ୟବହାରକୁ ରୂଢି ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
• ଅର୍ଥ ଓ ରୂପ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରୁ ରୂଢି ଏକ ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶ ହେଲେ ହେଁ, ଏହାର ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ପ୍ରଚ୍ଛନ୍ନ ଭାବର ପରିପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ପ୍ରକାଶ ସମ୍ଭବ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।
• ରୂଢିର ବ୍ୟୁତ୍ପତ୍ତିଗତ ଅର୍ଥ ହେଉଛି ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧି ସମ୍ପନ୍ନ ।
• ତେଣୁ ଲୋକଭଙ୍ଗୀର ଏକ ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ରୀତିସିଦ୍ଧ ଶବ୍ଦ ଚାତୁରୀକୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ରୁଢି କୁହାଯାଇପାରେ ।
• ଯୁକ୍ତିସିଦ୍ଧ ବା ବୈୟାକରଣିକ ଗଠନରୀତି ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଲୌକିକ ବ୍ୟବହାର ଉପରେ ଏହାର ସାର୍ଥକତା ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ ନିର୍ଭର କରିଥାଏ ।

ଯଥାର୍ଥତା:

• ହାତ ଶଙ୍ଖା ଦର୍ପଣ - ରୂଢିଟିର ଅର୍ଥ ହେଉଛି ସୁଖମୟ ଦାମ୍ପତ୍ୟ ଜୀବନ ।
• ଏହା ଏକ କ୍ରିୟାହୀନ ରୁଢି ।
• ଯେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶରେ କ୍ରିୟାପଦ ନଥାଏ , ତାହା କ୍ରିୟାହୀନ ରୁଢି ଅଟେ । ଯଥା- ଅକଲସଲାମି, କାଠିକର ପାଠ ।

Additional Information

• ରୂଢି ଅନୁଭୂତିଲବ୍ଧ ଏକ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷଜ୍ଞାନ, ଯଦିଓ ଏହାର ପ୍ରକାଶଭଙ୍ଗୀ ପରୋକ୍ଷ ରୀତିକୁ ଅବଲମ୍ବନ କରିଥାଏ।
• ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ, ବିଶେଷଣ ଓ କ୍ରିୟାପଦର ଗୁରୁତ୍ବ ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ଓଡିଆ ଭାଷାରେ ପ୍ରଚଳିତ ରୂଢିକୁ ତିନିଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ । ଯଥା- କ୍ରିୟାଯୁକ୍ତ ରୂଢି, କ୍ରିୟାହୀନ ରୂଢି, ତୁଳନାତ୍ମକ ରୂଢି ।

ସଠିକ୍ ଉତ୍ତର ହେଉଛି- ମଧୁର

Key Points

• ଭିନ୍ନ ଭିନ୍ନ ଅର୍ଥରେ ଶବ୍ଦ ସହିତ ଯେଉଁ ସବୁ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ ଯୋଗ କରାଯାଇ ନୂତନ ଶବ୍ଦ ଗଠନ କରାଯାଏ ସେହି ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟଗୁଡିକୁ ତଦ୍ଧିତ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
• ତଦ୍ଧିତ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ ଦ୍ବାରା ଗଠିତ ଶବ୍ଦକୁ ତଦ୍ଧିତାନ୍ତ ଶବ୍ଦ କୁହନ୍ତି ।
• ତଦ୍ଧିତର ଅର୍ଥ ହେଉଛି ତାହାର ହିତକାରୀ (ତତ୍+ହିତ) ।
• ତାହାର କହିଲେ ମୂଳ ଶବ୍ଦର । ତଦ୍ଧିତ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟଦ୍ବାରା ମୂଳ ବା ପ୍ରଥମ ଶବ୍ଦର ଉନ୍ନତି ଘଟେ ।
• କୃଦନ୍ତରେ ଧାତୁରୁ ଶବ୍ଦ ଗଠିତ ହେଉଥିବାବେଳେ ତଦ୍ଧିତରେ ଶବ୍ଦରୁ ଶବ୍ଦ ଗଠିତ ହୁଏ ।
• ଶବ୍ଦରେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ ଲାଗି ଯେଉଁ ଶବ୍ଦ ଗଠିତ ହୁଏ, ତାହାକୁ ତଦ୍ଧିତ ବା ତଦ୍ଧିତ ଶବ୍ଦ କୁହାଯାଏ ।

ଯଥାର୍ଥତା:

• ମଧୁରରେ ମଧୁ ଶବ୍ଦରେ 'ର' ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ ଲାଗିଥିବା ପରିଲକ୍ଷିତ ହୋଇଛି ।
• ମଧୁ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ଶବ୍ଦ ଓ ର ହେଉଛି ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ ।
• ମଧୁର ଶବ୍ଦରେ ଅଛି ଅର୍ଥରେ 'ର' ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ ଲାଗିଛି ।

Additional Information

• ଧାତୁରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟକୁ କୃତ କୁହାଯାଉଥିବାବେଳେ ଶବ୍ଦରେ ଲାଗୁଥିବା ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟର ସେମିତି ସ୍ବତନ୍ତ୍ର ନାମ ନାହିଁ ।
• ତେବେ ପ୍ରଥମ ବା ମୂଳ ଶବ୍ଦର ହିତସାଧକ ହେଇଥିବାରୁ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟକୁ ତଦ୍ଧିତ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ କୁହାଯାଏ ।
• ତଦ୍ଧିତରେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ ଯୋଗଦ୍ବାରା ବିଶେଷ୍ୟରୁ ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ କିମ୍ବା ବିଶେଷଣରୁ ବିଶେଷଣ ପଦ ଗଠନ କରିବା ବ୍ୟାକରଣଗତ ତ୍ରୁଟି ଅଟେ ।

The correct answer is - "A baby is being fed by a woman".

Key Points

• From the given options, the most appropriate answer is "A baby is being fed by a woman".
• The given sentence is in Active Voice (Present Continuous Tense).
  • Structure - Subject + is/am/are + Verb (ing form) + Object. (Active Voice)
  • ​Eg. I am writing a letter.
• We have to make it in Passive Voice.
  • Structure - Object + is/am/are + being + Verb (3rd form) + Subject. (Passive Voice)
  • Eg. A letter is being written by me.
• Thus, Option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is- "Before nightfall"

Key Points

• From the given options, the most appropriate answer is "Before nightfall".
• The line in the given poem is "Before the coming of the night. The moon looks papery white."
• Therefore, according to the above points, Option 2 is the correct answer.

Barid-i-Mumalik was the head of the State News Agency during the Sultanate.

Key Points

• The Delhi Sultanate period extended from 1206 CE to 1526 CE and its effective administrative system left a great impact on the Indian provincial kingdoms.
• Thus, officers were appointed in different departments to look over the proper functioning of the kingdom.
• The head of the entire administrative system was the Sultan.
• Barid-i-Mumalik was the head of the State News Agency during the Sultanate.
• He was the head of the intelligence and news gatherings.
• His agents sent in reports from all over the country.

• This system was of great importance in controlling local governments.

Hence, we can conclude that Barid-i-Mumalik was the head of the State News Agency during the Sultanate. Additional Information

• Diwan-i-Insha:
  • ​The Diwan-i-Insha was a department of the Delhi Sultanate that was responsible for all royal correspondence.
  • It was headed by a high-ranking official called the Mir-i-Insha, who was typically a well-educated man with a strong command of Persian and Arabic.
  • The Diwan-i-Insha was responsible for drafting all royal decrees, letters, and other official documents.
  • It also oversaw the translation of foreign documents into Persian or Arabic.
  • The Diwan-i-Insha played an important role in the administration of the Delhi Sultanate, as it ensured that all royal communications were clear, concise, and accurate.
• Naib-ul-Mulk:
  • ​The Naib-ul-Mulk was a high-ranking official in the medieval Indian government.
  • The title literally means "Deputy of the State" and the Naib-ul-Mulk was typically the second-in-command to the Sultan.
  • The Naib-ul-Mulk was responsible for a wide range of administrative duties, including overseeing the treasury, the army, and the judiciary.
  • The Naib-ul-Mulk was also responsible for acting as regent in the event that the Sultan was unable to rule.
  • The position of Naib-ul-Mulk was first created by the Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century.
  • The Naib-ul-Mulk was typically a member of Sultan's inner circle and was often a trusted advisor.
  • The Naib-ul-Mulk held a great deal of power and could wield significant influence over the course of events.
  • The Naib-ul-Mulk was a key figure in the administration of medieval India and played an important role in the rise and fall of dynasties.
• Wakil-i-dar:
  • ​The Wakil-i-dar was a high-ranking official in the medieval Indian government.
  • The title literally means "Controller of the Household" and the Wakil-i-dar was responsible for the administration of the royal household.
  • This included overseeing the palace staff, ensuring the smooth running of court events, and maintaining order and decorum at court.
  • The Wakil-i-dar was also responsible for Sultan's personal security and for carrying out his orders.
  • The position of Wakil-i-dar was first created by the Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century.
  • The Wakil-i-dar was typically a trusted advisor to the Sultan and was often a member of his inner circle.
  • The Wakil-i-dar held a high rank in the government and wielded significant influence over the course of events.
  • The Wakil-i-dar played an important role in the administration of the medieval Indian government and in the smooth running of the royal household.

Archduke Francis Ferdinand belonged to Austria.

Important Points

• The outbreak of the First World War was preceded by a series of incidents which added to the prevailing tension and ultimately led to the war.
• One of the incident that led to the First World War was the Sarajevo Crisis.
• The Sarajevo Crisis refers to the issues that arose due to the assassination of the Austrian Prince Archduke Francis Ferdinand.
• He and his wife Sophie were shot dead on June 28, 1914 at Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia.
• They were assassinated by Gavrilo Princep, a 19-year-old Serbian.
• The assassination was orchestrated by a secret society of terrorists known as the Black Hand.
• Austria saw the hand of Serbia behind the assassination and served her with an ultimatum.

• Serbia refused to accept one of the demands of the ultimatum and Austria declared war on Serbia.

Thus, we can conclude that Archduke Francis Ferdinand belonged to Austria.

There are 05 permanent member countries in the Security Council of the United Nations.

Important Points

• In the Security Council, there are five permanent members and ten non-permanent members.
• The Charter gave the permanent members a privileged position to bring about stability in the world after the Second World War.
• The main privileges of the five permanent members are permanency and the veto power.
• The five permanent member countries in the Security Council of the United Nations are:
  • ​China
  • France
  • Russia
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
• The non-permanent members serve for only two years at a time and give way after that period to newly elected members.
• A country cannot be re-elected immediately after completing a term of two years.

• The non-permanent members are elected in a manner so that they represent all continents of the world.

Hence, we can conclude that there are 05 permanent member countries in the Security Council of the United Nations.

The correct answer is Bengaluru.

Key Points

• Rail Wheel Factory:
  • Formerly known as Wheel and Axle Plant
  • Situated at Yelahanka, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
  • It is a state-of-the-art plant, meeting bulk of the requirement of wheels, axles and wheel sets for the Indian Railways.
• The unit was started by C. K. Jaffer Sharief.
• It was the first unit of Indian Railways to receive ISO 9001:2008 accreditation.
• The factory utilizes scrap steel collected from Railways' own workshops as raw material to make wheels.
• It has a planned capacity to manufacture of about 70,000 wheels of different sizes, 23,000 axles and to assemble 23,000 wheel sets.
• Over 2000 personnel are employed in this factory and has an annual turnover of about 82 crores.

Intelligence has been defined as the total of everything you know, as the ability to learn or profit from experience, as the ability to solve problems, or as the ability to cope with the demands of the environment.

Key Points

The two-factor theory of intelligence:

Charles Spearman proposed this theory in the year 1923.

• According to his theory, intelligence consists of two factors: ‘g’ and ‘s’, where ‘g’ stands for generalized factor and ‘s’ stands for the specific factor.
• As per him, the ‘g’ factor is responsible for different tasks which are common for all people while the ‘s’ factor is for abilities like musical, spatial, mechanical, etc.
• S-factor is applicable in specific fields and changeable in nature while G-factor is a universal innate ability to perform all cognitive tasks effectively.

Hence, we can conclude that the Two-factor Theory of Intelligence was advocated by Spearman.

Additional Information

Motivation encourages a learner to work in a specific direction to achieve a particular goal. It helps in channelizing the focus of the student to achieve the target.

• There are many methods of motivating the learners which can either be categorized into extrinsic or intrinsic types of motivation.
• Extrinsic motivation refers to the performance of an activity in order to attain an outcome and comes from outside of the individual.
• Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest in the task itself and exists within the individual.

Key Points

Let's Understand in Brief:

Hence, it could be concluded that 'I should study because it is important to understand the concept is an example of Intrinsic motivation.

The School Management Committee will play a pivotal role in school governance to enhance the quality of education offered. In bringing together representatives of different stakeholders, it lays the groundwork for broadened and shared decision-making.

Key Points The School Management Committee shall perform the following functions, namely:

• monitor the working of the school.
• prepare and recommend a school development plan.
• Preparing the environment as per the interest and needs of the students.
• monitor the utilization of the grants received from the appropriate Government or local authority or any other source.

Thus, by all these references, it is clear that Preparing the environment for the students is the function of SMC.

Evaluation is done to assess or evaluate someone's performance in a specified field. It is a component of assessment in education. The teacher does the evaluation of the student's performance to do an analysis and to get an idea of the achievement of a student.

Key Points

Placement evaluation:

• It is conducted at the beginning of the teaching-learning process to analyze the entry behavior of learners.
• It should be done to know if a child is fit for admission into Class VIII.
• It is also referred to as pre-assessment or initial assessment, which is conducted prior to instruction or intervention to establish a baseline from which individual student growth can be measured.
• It measures whether students possess the pre-requisite skills needed to succeed in a unit or course or to what extent students have already achieved the objectives of the planned instruction

Hence, it could be concluded that < />placement evaluation should be done to know if a child is fit for admission into class VIII.

A motive is what drives one to behave in a particular way or at the very least creates a tendency for that conduct.

Key Points The objectives of motives are as follows:-

• People vary not just in terms of their capacity for action but also in terms of their motivation. The potency of people's intentions determines how motivated they are.
• Goals, which may be conscious or subconscious, are the focus of motives.
• Motivation is a stronger need to fulfill a purpose or goal, like getting food when you're hungry. The motivation is obviously goal-oriented.
• Motive also energizes the behavior as well as influence the perception of the situation.
• Motives serve to stimulate learning hence behavior. Cues are the stimuli that give direction to the motives.
• Motive helps to activate the behavior. A person will work hard in school, in sports, in business, in music, and in many other situations, if she/he has a very strong need for achievement. Hence, motives are the general states that enable us to activate the behavior in many different situations.

Hence, it is concluded that to stabilize the behavior is not related with the objectives of motives.

Intelligence involves a number of abilities together. It is the ability to understand incoming information and make sense out of it. It is the ability to acquire new skills and use the existing knowledge to complete a task or deal with a situation.

• Intelligence includes the capacity to understand novel stimuli, learn a language and communicate with others, be aware of the environment, and have the ability to reason, plan, and solve problems creatively.

Key Points Intelligence has been defined in several ways. Some of the definitions are:

• Robert Sternberg -"Intelligence is a general capacity of an individual consciously to adjust his thinking to new requirements. It is general mental adaptability to new problems and conditions of life."
• Charles Spearman – “Intelligence is rational thinking.”
• Lewis Terman – "Intelligence is the ability to abstract thinking."
• Binet – “Intelligence is a capacity to think well, to judge well, and to be self-critical.”

Thus, it is concluded that the above-given definition of intelligence is given by Stern.

Adolescents transition from the constrained responsibilities of childhood to the more expansive roles of adulthood through the process of social development.

Key Points

• Adolescents spend less time with their family as their social networks grow and may instead concentrate more on their friends.
• Additionally, young people gain the potential to establish more solid bonds with individuals outside of their homes who might serve as mentors.
• Social changes during adolescence include adult-like behavior.
• Adolescents are better prepared to take on more complicated social responsibilities as a result of the changes they go through in their bodies, minds, and emotions.
• Adolescents may communicate more deeply and express their feelings more effectively when their cognitive and emotional development are combined.
• Physical growth indicates that teenagers are maturing into adults and may be given more responsibilities.
• Adolescents may take on new responsibilities, such as functioning as a confidante or as a leader in their schools, teams, or churches.

Hence, it is concluded that Social changes during adolescence include adult-like behavior.

The skill of inspiring a group of individuals to take action in pursuit of a common objective is known as leadership. Decisiveness, determination, interpersonal and organizational aptitude, loyalty self-efficacy, and self-discipline are considered, some of the attributes of effective leaders.

Key PointsThe skill of leadership is as follows:-

• High communication: It is very important for a leader to have a clear idea about what she wants to say and how to say it. Good communication is needed for understanding, cooperation, and unified action.
• High relationship skill:- It is very important for a leader to have a good relationship with his followers.
• High work-organization skill:- It is very important for a leader to organize the work. The work assigned to the subordinate must be defined and
  should be recorded because clear-cut directions leader enables the subordinates to function properly.
• Cooperation and Coordination: As a part of effective leadership, cooperation and coordination among the leaders and the subordinate employees are essential. If the leader keeps the group informed, the subordinates feel satisfied, and also the group will cooperate with the leader.

The period of transformative human growth and development in adolescence. It alters how people develop and mature as they become older.

Key Points

• Hero-worshipping is one of an adolescent learner's most noticeable traits. The heroes they choose to emulate are enumerated in every manner because they find the hero to be appealing in every way. Their own social and moral knowledge changes as they list the behaviors, deeds, and preferences of their role models.
• Adolescents anxiously want affiliation and approval and require constant affirmation from others.
• They frequently engage in daydreaming because they constantly imagine the scenarios they would like to experience.
• Being emotionally unstable, they frequently go through mood swings with peaks of intensity, unpredictability, and self-awareness.

Hence, it is concluded that "Hero-worship" is very prominent in the adolescence stage.

Self-concept, also known as self-evaluation or self-perception, is the culmination of a person's perceptions of their own qualities.

Key Points

• Adolescents' self-concepts can be greatly impacted by their appearance or physical characteristics, such as their height, weight, hair, eye, and skin color.
• It may have an impact on how people perceive them, react to them, or behave toward them, which may have an impact on how they perceive themselves.
• Since they frequently compare themselves to the ideal images presented in the media, adolescents and young people frequently place a great deal of importance on appearance and it has a significant impact on their self-concepts.

Thus, we concluded that appearance influences adolescents' self-concept.

Change is a part of human development that happens at different stages, and each stage's pattern of development has predictable characteristics.

Key Points

• From conception to death, the process of development is ongoing.
• General activity always comes before specific activity as development moves from general to specific.
• Development follows a clear, recognizable pattern.
• There are defining behaviors for each stage of development.
• The process is irreversible and involves biological adjustments. As long as environmental factors remain normal, such changes are largely independent of them.
• There is a more or less permanent change in human behavior from the individual's experience in the environment.

Thus, we can conclude that Nature of development is determined at the time of birth is not correct about development.