Political Science: CUET Mock Test - 2 - CUET MCQ

Hegemony is not fixed. US hegemony has now started to dissolve in the rise of multipolar world. Similarly Europe’s hegemony before world wars ended after 1945.

On January 16, 1991, President George H. W. Bush announced the start of what would be called Operation Desert Storm—a military operation to expel occupying Iraqi forces from Kuwait, which Iraq had invaded and annexed months earlier.

Headquartered at the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, just outside Washington, D.C., the DoD's stated mission is to provide "the military forces needed to deter war and ensure our nation's security".

The "Four Modernizations" were proposed by Zhou Enlai, the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, in 1963.
The Four Modernizations referred to the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology in China. The goal was to strengthen these sectors to boost China's economy and global standing.

1. Agriculture: The aim was to increase agricultural productivity by introducing modern farming methods and equipment. The solution was to de-collectivize rural areas and allow peasants to work on their own lands, which increased agricultural output and rural income.

2. Industry: This involved modernizing China's industrial sector to become self-sufficient in producing high-quality goods. The solution was to reform state-owned enterprises, attract foreign investment, and encourage competition.

3. National Defense: The goal was to modernize the military by incorporating advanced technology and strategies. The solution was to reduce the size of the military and use the savings to upgrade weaponry and equipment.

4. Science and Technology: The aim was to develop China's technological capabilities to support economic growth and military modernization. The solution was to invest in education, research and development, and establish partnerships with foreign technology firms.

“ASEAN has sought to manage the diverse needs of its members by a process known as 'the ASEAN way'. It seeks to establish a consensus on issues and follows a principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of members from outside or within the region.
 

The European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) is a European organization, established under the Treaty of Rome in 1957 to coordinate the research programs of the EU Member States for the peaceful use of nuclear energy. The EU has its own Joint Research Centre (JRC) in the nuclear field.

The Community's initial aim was to bring about economic integration, including a common market and customs union, among its six founding members: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany.

The Council of Europe is an international organisation founded in the wake of World War II to uphold human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe. Founded in 1949, it has 46 member states, with a population of approximately 675 million; it operates with an annual budget of approximately 500 million euros.

Two more countries from Eastern Europe - Bulgaria and Romania - join the EU, bringing the number of Member States to 27.

Japan is the only country to have suffered the wartime use of nuclear weapons. In the final days of World War II, the United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing more than 200,000 people instantly or within a few months of the attacks.

The eurozone, officially called the euro area, is a monetary union of 19 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro (€) as their primary currency and sole legal tender.

Established in 1994, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) is an important platform for security dialogue in the Indo-Pacific. It provides a setting in which members can discuss current security issues and develop cooperative measures to enhance peace and security in the region.

The Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP) dominates the political affairs of the island. The MDP won the 2018 Elections.

Russia is a trans-continental country spreading across eastern europe and northern part of Asia.

The Nepalese Civil War was a protracted armed conflict that took place in the former Kingdom of Nepal from 1996 to 2006. It saw fighting between the Nepalese royal government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) throughout the country.

The lack of genuine international support for democratic rule in Pakistan has further encouraged the military to continue its dominance. The United States and other Western countries have encouraged the military.s authoritarian rule in the past, for their own reasons.

The Pokhran-II tests were a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India; the first test, code-named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974.

LTTE was opposed by Indian government that’s why forces were sent to counter the insurgencies in Sri Lankan territory.

The Seven Party Alliance was a coalition of seven Nepali political parties seeking to end autocratic rule in the country. They spearheaded the Loktantra Andolan.
The alliance was made up of the following parties:

• Nepali Congress
• Nepali Congress (Democratic)
• Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) (Withdrew from government, Sunday May 3, 2009) 
• Nepal Workers and Peasants Party
• Nepal Goodwill Party (Anandi Devi)
• United Left Front
• People's Front

Yahya Khan was the military ruler of Pakistan during the 1971 military crisis, which led to the Bangladesh Liberation War and the eventual secession of East Pakistan, resulting in the creation of Bangladesh. The crisis began due to civil unrest and political turmoil in East Pakistan, and escalated when Yahya Khan ordered a military crackdown against the Bengali nationalist movement led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The situation led to a massive refugee crisis, widespread human rights abuses, and eventually, an intervention by Indian forces, which supported the Bengali Mukti Bahini in their struggle for independence. Yahya Khan's rule is seen as a dark period in Pakistan's history, and his actions during the crisis led to his resignation in December 1971.

The United States Declaration of Independence, formally The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, is the pronouncement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 4, 1776.

The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were a series of four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by the militant Islamic extremist network al-Qaeda against the United States.

The 2003 invasion of Iraq was led by US Army General Tommy Franks, under the code-name Operation Iraqi Freedom.

The 1998 United States embassy bombings were attacks that occurred on August 7, 1998. More than 200 people were killed in nearly simultaneous truck bomb explosions in two East African cities, one at the United States Embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, the other at the United States Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.

ASEAN officially the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, is a political and economic union of 10 member states in Southeast Asia.

The founding of the People's Republic of China was formally proclaimed by Mao Zedong, the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), on October 1, 1949 at 3:00 pm in Tiananmen Square in Peking, now Beijing (formerly Beiping), the new capital of China.

The Open Door Policy is the United States diplomatic policy established in the late 19th and early 20th century that called for a system of equal trade and investment and to guarantee the territorial integrity of Qing China.

The World Trade Organization is an intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade. Governments use the organization to establish, revise, and enforce the rules that govern international trade.

Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi visited China
At the invitation of Premier Li Peng, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi of India paid an official visit to China between December 19- 23, 1988. The first visit to China by an Indian prime minister in 34 years, this is a major event in Sino-Indian relations. Premier Li Peng held talks with Prime Minister Gandhi, and Chinese President Yang Shangkun and Deng Xiaoping, Chairman of China's Central Military Commission, respectively met him.

A unification treaty was ratified by the Bundestag and the People's Chamber in September and went into effect on October 3, 1990. The German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic as five additional Länder, and the two parts of divided Berlin became one Land.