Political Science: CUET Mock Test - 6 - CUET MCQ

The correct answer is Option D, i.e., Ashok Mehta, T.S. Ramanujam, and G.G. Mehta. The Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS), a national trade union center in India, was founded in West Bengal in 1948. Its founders included Ashok Mehta, T.S. Ramanujam, G.G. Mehta, along with others like Basawan Singh, R.S. Ruikar, and Shibnath Banerjee. R.S. Ruikar was elected President, and Ashok Mehta was General Secretary. Option A includes E.M.S. Namboodiripad, a communist leader, not linked to HMS. Option B’s Deen Dayal Upadhyay was a BJP ideologue, and Option C’s figures were not HMS founders.

The correct answer is Socialist, Secular, and Integrity. The Preamble, adopted on November 26, 1949, and effective from January 26, 1950, was amended once via the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976, adding 'Socialist,' 'Secular,' and 'Integrity' to reflect India’s commitment to these principles. The 42nd Amendment, enacted under Indira Gandhi’s government, is known as the ‘Mini-Constitution’ for its extensive changes. Options B, C, and D include 'Liberty,' which was already in the original Preamble, not added later.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed. As India’s 5th President (1974-1977), he declared a National Emergency under Article 352 on June 25, 1975, at Indira Gandhi’s request, citing internal disturbance. It lasted until March 21, 1977. Key triggers included the Navnirman Andolan, JP Movement, railway protests, and the Raj Narain verdict against Gandhi. Options A (V.V. Giri), B (Neelam Sanjiva Reddy), and D (Ramaswamy Venkataraman) were presidents at different times, not during the 1975 emergency.

Important Points

The correct answer is Option A, i.e., Janata Party. Formed in 1977 by Jayaprakash Narayan, it united parties opposing Indira Gandhi’s Emergency (1975-1977). Morarji Desai, its leader, became India’s first non-Congress PM. Option B (Biju Janata Dal) emerged in 1997, Option C (Bharatiya Janata Party) in 1980, and Option D (Rashtriya Janata Dal) in 1997, none founded by Narayan.

Key Points

The correct answer is Option D, i.e., National Emergency. Declared on June 25, 1975, by Indira Gandhi under Article 352, it cited internal disturbance and lasted until March 21, 1977. Article 352 allows such proclamations for war, external aggression, or armed rebellion (termed ‘internal disturbance’ in 1975). Option A (Financial Emergency, Article 360) addresses financial instability, Option B (State Emergency, Article 356) is President’s Rule, and Option C (TADA) is a law, not an emergency type.

The correct answer is League of Nations. The United Nations (UN), established on October 24, 1945, succeeded the League of Nations, created post-WWI to prevent conflicts but weakened by WWII’s outbreak. Options B (Allied Force of Nations), C (World’s Peace Nation), and D (Nations Association of Peace) are fictitious or unrelated.

The correct answer is Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty. Signed in 1972 between the US and Soviet Union, it limited missile defense systems to maintain nuclear deterrence by ensuring mutual vulnerability. A 1974 protocol further reduced ABM sites to one per country. Option A (BWC, 1972) bans biological weapons, Option B (CWC, 1993) chemical weapons, and Option C (NPT, 1970) nuclear proliferation, none addressing missile shields.

The correct answer is 1978. The Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation (BAMCEF) was founded in 1978 to advocate for the rights of backward and minority community employees in India, promoting social justice. Options A (1980), B (1987), and D (1970) do not match this timeline.

The correct answer is August 2002. India signed the Kyoto Protocol, an extension of the 1992 UNFCCC, on August 26, 2002, committing to binding emission reduction targets for developed nations. India, as a developing country, had no mandatory targets but joined to support global climate efforts. Options A (1997), B (1999), and C (2003) are incorrect.

The correct answer is Agenda 21. Adopted at the 1992 Rio Summit (UNCED), Agenda 21 is a global action plan for sustainable development, addressing climate change, biodiversity, and forestry. Option A (Antarctic Treaty, 1959) preserves Antarctica, Option B (Montreal Protocol, 1987) targets ozone depletion, and Option D (Energy Conservation Act) is a national law, not a Rio outcome.

The correct answer is Belgrade. The passage states the first Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) summit was held in Belgrade in 1961, initiated by founders Tito, Nehru, Nasser, Sukarno, and Nkrumah. Option A (New Delhi) hosted later summits, Option B (Bandung) was the 1955 conference, and Option D (Cairo) hosted the 1964 summit.

The correct answer is Opposition to Capitalism. The passage lists three factors for the 1961 NAM summit: cooperation among five countries, Cold War tensions, and the rise of decolonized African nations. Opposition to capitalism is not mentioned; NAM focused on avoiding superpower alliances, not ideology. Options A, B, and D align with the passage.

The correct answer is Havana. The passage notes the 14th NAM summit was held in Havana, Cuba, in 2006, with 116 member states and 15 observers. Option B (Sharm El Sheikh) hosted 2009, Option C (Baku) 2019, and Option D (Tehran) 2012.

The correct answer is India played an active role in international relations after Independence. The passage states non-aligned countries, including India, mediated between rival alliances, unlike isolationism. Option A is false (US was isolationist pre-WWI, not neutral during Cold War). Option B is false (non-alignment involves engagement). Option D is false (Khrushchev was not a NAM founder).

The correct answer is Ghana. The passage identifies Kwame Nkrumah as a founder of NAM from Ghana. Option B (Nigeria), C (Indonesia—Sukarno), and D (Egypt—Nasser) refer to other nations.

The correct answer is B, A, D, C.
Key Points

• From the Passage, the organisations and their establishment years are listed as follows:
  

Hence, B, A, D, and C is the correct chronological sequence.

The correct answer is Marshall Plan.
Key Points

• European integration after 1945 was aided by the Cold War. America extended massive financial help for reviving Europe's economy under what was called the 'Marshall Plan'. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.
• The US also created a new collective security structure under NATO. Hence, option 3 is not correct.
• Molotov Plan and Maastricht Treaty are not mentioned in the passage. Hence, options 1 and 4 are not correct.

The correct answer is option 3.
Key Points

• "The collapse of the Soviet bloc put Europe on a fast track and resulted in the establishment of the European Union in 1992. The foundation was thus laid for a common foreign and security policy, cooperation on justice and home affairs, and the creation of a single currency."
• Hence, the initial objectives of the European Union were:
  • ​common foreign and security policy
  • cooperation on justice and home affairs
  • creation of a single currency.
• ​Bringing about social and cultural development was not of the initial objectives of the European Union.

The correct answer is option 4.
Key Points

• Denmark and Sweden have resisted the Maastricht Treaty and the adoption of the euro, the common European currency. This limits the ability of the EU to act in matters of foreign relations and defence.
• On 19 March 2003, the US launched its invasion of Iraq under the codename ‘Operation Iraqi Freedom’. More than forty other countries joined in the US-led ‘coalition of the willing’ after the UN refused to give its mandate to the invasion whereas Germany  opposed American policy.
• NPT, a nuclear weapon state is one which has manufactured and exploded a nuclear weapon or another nuclear explosive device prior to 1 January 1967. So there are five nuclear-weapon states: the US, USSR (later Russia), Britain, France and China.
• Poland was an erstwhile member of the socialist bloc that signed the Warsaw Pact,

The correct answer is A, B and C only.
European Union(EU):

• The European Union has evolved over time from an economic union to an increasingly political one. The EU has started to act more as a nation-state. While the attempts to have a Constitution for the EU have failed, it has its own flag, anthem, founding date, and currency. Hence, statement A is correct.
• It also has some form of a common foreign and security policy in its dealings with other nations. The European Union has tried to expand areas of cooperation while acquiring new members, especially from the erstwhile Soviet bloc. The process has not proved easy, for people in many countries are not very enthusiastic about giving the EU powers that were exercised by the government of their country. There are also reservations about including some new countries within the EU. The EU has economic, political and diplomatic, and military influence. The EU is the world’s biggest economy with a GDP of more than $12 trillion in 2005, slightly larger than that of the United States. Its currency, the euro, can pose a threat to the dominance of the US dollar. Euro is not adopted by all members of the European Union. Hence, statement C is incorrect.
• Its share of world trade is three times larger than that of the United States allowing it to be more assertive in trade disputes with the US and China. Its economic power gives it influence over its closest neighbours as well as in Asia and Africa. It also functions as an important bloc in international economic organisations such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Under the Schengen agreement, you have to get a visa from just one of the EU countries and that allows you entry in most of the other European Union countries. Hence, statement B is correct.
• The EU flag has a circle of 12 gold stars representing solidarity and harmony between the people of Europe. Hence, statement D is not correct. 
• As a supranational organisation, the EU is able to intervene in economic, political and social areas. Hence, statement E is correct.

(A) is incorrect because globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon, involving political, economic, and cultural aspects.
(B) is correct as the liberalisation of the Indian economy began in 1991, marking a significant turning point in globalisation.
(C) is incorrect because globalisation is not simply westernisation; it includes various global influences.
(D) is correct because globalisation is indeed multi-dimensional.

(A) is correct; globalization’s impact varies across states and societies (e.g., developed vs. developing nations).

(B) is incorrect; impacts are not uniform due to economic and cultural differences.

(C) is correct; globalization affects political, economic, cultural, and social spheres, not just politics.

(D) is incorrect; it can lead to both homogeneity and diversity (e.g., global brands vs. local cultures). Answer: A (A only), but solution aligns with A.

(A) is correct because advancements in technology, especially in communication, have played a major role in enabling globalisation.
(B) is incorrect because globalisation is not solely caused by any one community but involves numerous factors across the globe.
(C) is incorrect as globalisation has been a global phenomenon, not just initiated by the US.
(D) is correct because economic interdependence is a significant driving force behind globalisation.

(A) is incorrect because globalisation involves not only the movement of commodities but also services, people, and ideas.
(B) is incorrect because globalisation does involve conflicts of values, particularly regarding culture and economics.
(C) is incorrect because services, including IT and finance, are significant parts of globalisation.
(D) is correct as globalisation fundamentally refers to worldwide interconnectedness in many aspects.

(A) is correct; the Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in October 1962 when the USSR placed missiles in Cuba.

(B) is incorrect; the Cold War was ideological (capitalism vs. socialism), not just military.

(C) is correct; NAM aimed to keep decolonized nations neutral between blocs.

(D) is incorrect; India’s non-alignment involved active global mediation (e.g., Korea).

Answer: A ((A) and (C) only).

Nikita Khrushchev Placing Nuclear Missiles in Cuba
- Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union, placed nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962.
- This event, known as the Cuban Missile Crisis, occurred in October 1962 and was a major confrontation during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.
- The placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba by the Soviet Union led to a tense standoff between the two superpowers and brought the world to the brink of nuclear war.
- The crisis was eventually resolved through negotiations, with the Soviet Union agreeing to remove the missiles from Cuba in exchange for the United States promising not to invade the island nation.

The eastern alliance during the Cold War was known as the Warsaw Pact.

• Formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and its allies.
• Created as a counterbalance to NATO.
• Included countries like Poland, East Germany, and Czechoslovakia.
• Dissolved in 1991 after the end of the Cold War.

The main arena of conflict between the superpowers during the Cold War was Europe. This region was crucial due to its geopolitical significance and the presence of both NATO and the Warsaw Pact.

• Berlin was a focal point, symbolising the division between East and West.
• The Iron Curtain divided the continent, marking the boundary between democracy and communism.
• Many proxy wars and diplomatic tensions occurred in this region.

The country that responded by establishing close relations with the Soviet Union was China.

• China and the Soviet Union shared a communist ideology, which led to their alliance.
• This relationship was particularly strong during the early years of the Cold War.
• Both countries aimed to counterbalance the influence of the United States and its allies.

Josip Broz Tito was a prominent political leader from Yugoslavia. He played a crucial role in uniting the various ethnic groups within the country.

• Tito was known for resisting Nazi occupation during World War II.
• He led Yugoslavia as its president from 1945 until his death in 1980.
• Under his leadership, Yugoslavia maintained a non-aligned position during the Cold War.

Tito's legacy includes promoting a sense of unity among the diverse cultures in Yugoslavia, which consisted of multiple republics.