Political Science Mock Test- 2 - Class 10 MCQ

Explanation:
Gandhiji believed that religion and politics are intertwined and cannot be separated. Here's what he meant by this statement:
1. Need for moral values in politics:
- Gandhiji believed that religion provides a moral compass and ethical framework for individuals.
- He argued that politics should be guided by moral values such as truth, non-violence, compassion, and justice.
- Without the influence of religion, politics may become corrupted, devoid of ethical considerations, and driven solely by power and self-interest.
2. Religion as a source of inspiration:
- Gandhiji believed that religion provides individuals with a sense of purpose and higher ideals.
- By integrating religious principles into politics, he aimed to inspire politicians and citizens to work towards the welfare of all, rather than personal gain.
- Religion can serve as a source of motivation and guide individuals towards selfless service and social harmony.
3. Religion as a unifying force:
- Gandhiji saw religion as a unifying force that transcends divisions and brings people together.
- By incorporating religious values into politics, he aimed to bridge communal divides and foster harmony among different religious communities.
- Religion can provide a common ground for citizens to come together and work towards the collective good.
In summary, Gandhiji believed that religion and politics cannot be separated because religion provides the moral foundation, inspiration, and unifying force necessary for ethical and inclusive politics.

Child Sex Ratio in India
Background:
The child sex ratio refers to the number of females per 1000 males in the age group of 0-6 years. Unfortunately, in some parts of India, this ratio has significantly decreased, indicating a preference for male children over female children.
Lowest Child Sex Ratio:
In some places in India, the child sex ratio has fallen to as low as 800.
Explanation:
The child sex ratio in India is an alarming issue and has been a cause for concern for several years. The preference for male children due to various cultural, social, and economic factors has led to the decline in the child sex ratio. Here is a breakdown of the options provided:
- Option A: 927
- Option B: 800 (Correct Answer)
- Option C: 820
- Option D: 840
Conclusion:
The correct answer is option B, with a child sex ratio as low as 800 in some parts of India. This highlights the urgent need for awareness and measures to address gender inequality and discrimination, promoting gender equality and empowering girls in Indian society.

Legitimacy
- One respect in which a democratic government is certainly better than its alternatives is legitimacy.
- Legitimacy refers to the perceived authority and acceptance of a government by its citizens.
- In a democratic government, power is derived from the consent of the people through free and fair elections.
- This gives the government legitimacy as it represents the will and interests of the majority.
- The legitimacy of a government is crucial for its stability and the acceptance of its policies and decisions.
- In authoritarian or autocratic governments, power is often concentrated in the hands of a few individuals or a single leader.
- This lack of representation and accountability can lead to a lack of legitimacy and public trust.
- Democratic governments, on the other hand, provide a platform for citizens to participate in decision-making and hold their leaders accountable.
- This enhances the legitimacy of the government as citizens feel that their voices are heard and their concerns are taken into consideration.
- Legitimate governments are more likely to be stable and effective in implementing policies that benefit the society as a whole.
- Therefore, the legitimacy of democratic governments makes them better than alternative forms of government in this respect.

The Communist Party of India (Marxist) is a communist political party in India that adheres to Marxist–Leninist philosophy. It is one of the national parties of India. The party emerged from a split from the Communist Party of India in 1964.

Large scale societies need representative democracy.  As societies became large and complex, they also needed some agency to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the government. They needed some way to bring various representatives together so that a responsible government could be formed. They needed a mechanism to support or restrain the government, make policies, justify or oppose them. Political parties fulfill these needs that every representative government has.

After 1990, India saw the rise of regional political parties. This was also the beginning of the era of coalition government at the Centre.

Of the country's total population, 59 per cent lives in the Flemish region and speaks the Dutch language. Another 40 per cent of people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining 1 per cent of the Belgians speak German.

Laws enacted by the Parliament for the welfare of women:

• Special Marriage Act of 1955: This act allows for inter-religious and inter-caste marriages, providing women with the freedom to choose their life partners without any social or religious restrictions.


• Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961: This act prohibits the giving or receiving of dowry in marriages, aiming to prevent the exploitation and harassment of women for dowry demands.


• Equal Remuneration Act of 1976: This act ensures equal pay for equal work, prohibiting discrimination in remuneration based on gender and promoting gender equality in the workforce.

These laws enacted by the Parliament aim to protect the rights and promote the welfare of women in society, addressing various social issues and ensuring gender equality in different aspects of life.

We know that the federal government is that form of government in which the government is formed of three branches legislative, executive and judiciary and hence the governmental power is divided between these different levels of government.

The concept of 'Concurrent List' in the Indian Constitution has been borrowed from the Constitution of Australia.

Discrimination against Women in India

• Political Life: Women in India face discrimination in political life, as they are underrepresented in positions of power and decision-making. There are fewer women in parliament, state legislatures, and other political bodies compared to men.



• Social Life: Women in India also face discrimination in social life, as they are often subjected to gender-based violence, including domestic violence, dowry-related violence, and sexual harassment. They may also face restrictions on their freedom and opportunities based on traditional gender roles and expectations.



• Economic Life: Women in India experience discrimination in economic life, as they often have limited access to education, employment opportunities, and financial resources compared to men. This can result in lower wages, lack of economic independence, and higher levels of poverty among women.



• All of the Above: Women in India face discrimination in all aspects of their lives, including political, social, and economic spheres. This systemic discrimination limits women's rights, opportunities, and overall well-being.

Democracy stands much superior to any other form of government in promoting:




Dignity and freedom of the individual:
- Democracy allows individuals to have a say in the decision-making process through voting and participating in political activities.
- It ensures the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and religion.
- Democracy promotes equality and prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, religion, or any other characteristic.
- It allows for the peaceful transfer of power and guarantees the right to peaceful protests and demonstrations.




Economic growth:
- Democracy fosters an environment of innovation and entrepreneurship, which drives economic growth.
- It encourages competition and free-market principles, leading to increased productivity and efficiency.
- Democracy promotes transparency and accountability, reducing corruption and creating a favorable business climate.
- It allows for the protection of property rights and the enforcement of contracts, which are essential for economic development.




Economic equality:
- Democracy provides opportunities for social mobility and reduces income disparities.
- It implements policies that aim to reduce poverty and provide equal access to education, healthcare, and basic services.
- Democracy allows for the creation of social safety nets and welfare programs to support vulnerable populations.
- It promotes inclusive economic policies that benefit the majority of the population rather than a privileged few.




Conclusion:
In conclusion, democracy stands superior to any other form of government in promoting dignity and freedom of the individual, as well as economic growth and equality. It empowers citizens, encourages participation, and ensures the protection of human rights. Through its principles of transparency, accountability, and inclusivity, democracy creates an environment conducive to individual and societal well-being.

Moral and Legal Sanctions in a Democracy
In a democracy, certain values are regarded as important and are supported by both moral and legal sanctions. Let's analyze the given options to determine which values fall under this category:
1. Gender Equality
- Gender equality refers to the belief that individuals of all genders should have equal rights, opportunities, and treatment.
- In a democracy, gender equality is considered a fundamental value that is protected by both moral and legal sanctions.
- Moral sanctions: Society expects individuals to treat people of all genders with respect and fairness.
- Legal sanctions: Laws are in place to prevent gender discrimination and promote equal rights and opportunities for all genders.
2. Caste-based Equality
- Caste-based equality refers to the idea that individuals should not be discriminated against based on their caste or social hierarchy.
- In many democracies, caste-based discrimination is considered immoral and is legally prohibited.
- Moral sanctions: Society expects individuals to treat people from all castes with respect and equality.
- Legal sanctions: Laws are in place to prevent caste-based discrimination and provide equal opportunities for individuals from all castes.
3. Economic Equality
- Economic equality refers to the belief that individuals should have equal access to resources, wealth, and opportunities.
- While economic equality is a value that is often promoted in democracies, it may not have the same level of moral and legal sanctions as gender and caste-based equality.
- Moral sanctions: Society may have expectations for individuals to work towards reducing economic inequalities, but the level of moral obligation may vary.
- Legal sanctions: While there may be some laws in place to address economic inequalities, they are often focused on preventing extreme disparities rather than enforcing complete economic equality.
4. Both (a) and (b)
- The answer 'd' suggests that both gender equality and caste-based equality have moral and legal sanctions in a democracy, which is accurate based on the analysis above.
In conclusion, in a democracy, gender equality and caste-based equality are values that have both moral and legal sanctions. While economic equality may be a value promoted in democracies, it may not have the same level of moral and legal sanctions as the other two values.

Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over the government by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democratically elected government adopted a series of MAJORITARIAN measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.

The Belgium citizens elect the community government in Belgium. his ‘community government’ is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues. Power may also be shared among different social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. This method is used to give minority communities a fair share in power.

 

 

Communal politics is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social community. 
The followers of a particular religion must belong to one community. Their fundamental interests are the same.
It also follows that people who follow different religions cannot belong to the same social community.
 

Communalism in Politics:
Communalism can manifest in various forms in politics. The forms it can take include:
A. Everyday Beliefs:
- Religious prejudices: Communalism can be present in the everyday beliefs of individuals, leading to religious prejudices and biases against other communities.

B. Quest for Political Dominance:
- Political dominance: Communalism can be seen in the pursuit of political power and dominance by a particular religious community. This involves seeking to establish one's own religious community as the dominant force in political decision-making.
C. Political Mobilisation:
- Mobilization on religious lines: Communalism can also be expressed through political mobilization on religious lines, where political parties or groups rally support based on religious identity. This can lead to the polarization of society along religious lines.
D. All of the above:
- Communalism in politics can encompass all the above forms, i.e., everyday beliefs, quest for political dominance, and political mobilization on religious lines. These different manifestations may coexist and reinforce each other, creating an environment of division and religious tension in the political sphere.
In conclusion, communalism can take various forms in politics, including religious prejudices in everyday beliefs, the pursuit of political dominance by a particular religious community, and political mobilization based on religious identity. It is essential to address and mitigate communalism in politics to promote inclusivity and harmony in society.

Answer:
The main base of BSP (Bahujan Samaj Party) is in Uttar Pradesh.
Explanation:
The BSP is a political party in India that primarily represents the interests of the Bahujan Samaj, which includes Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes. Here is a detailed explanation of the main base of BSP in Uttar Pradesh:
- Uttar Pradesh: Uttar Pradesh is the state where the BSP has its main base. It is the most populous state in India and has a significant population of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes, which are the core supporters of the BSP.
- Political Influence: The BSP has a strong political influence in Uttar Pradesh and has been able to form governments in the state multiple times.
- Party Headquarters: The BSP's main headquarters is located in Lucknow, the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. This further emphasizes the importance of the state in the party's operations.
- Key Leaders: Many key leaders of the BSP, including its founder Kanshi Ram and former Chief Minister Mayawati, hail from Uttar Pradesh, further strengthening the party's base in the state.
In conclusion, the main base of BSP is in Uttar Pradesh, where it has a significant political presence and a strong support base among the Bahujan Samaj.

Defection is an act of changing party allegiance from the party on which a person got elected (to a Legislative body) to a different party. Earlier it has been an important cause for the formation as well as fall of government. MLAs and MPs were indulging in defection in order to become ministers or for cash rewards. Later on the Constitution was amended and defection has been banned by passing ‘Anti Defection Law’.

Explanation:
When a person elected to office changes their party affiliation, it is known as party defection. Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:
Party Defection:
Party defection refers to the act of changing party allegiance by an elected official. It can occur at any level of government, from local to national. Some politicians may choose to switch parties due to ideological differences, personal beliefs, or political strategy. Party defection can have significant consequences for both the individual and the political landscape.
Key Points:
- Party defection is the act of changing party allegiance by an elected official.
- It can occur at any level of government.
- Reasons for party defection may include ideological differences, personal beliefs, or political strategy.
- Party defection can have consequences for the individual and the political landscape.
Example:
- A politician who was elected as a member of one party may change their affiliation to another party during their term in office.
- This can result in shifts in power, changes in legislative priorities, and potential backlash from constituents.
Conclusion:
Party defection is the term used to describe the act of changing party allegiance by an elected official. It can have significant implications for both the individual and the political landscape.

Majoritarian measures adopted by the Sri Lankan government since independence are

In 1956, Sinhala was recognised as the only official language.

Preference was given to Sinhala applicants in government and university positions.

The constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.

Under Horizontal power-sharing power is shared among different organs of the government, namely Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. These organs work differently but at the same footing. This kind of distribution of powers creates the system of checks and balances over the function of one organ by the other organ while entitling them to work in their own spheres.

Sinhala was recognized as the official language of Sri Lanka in 1956.

Sinhala Only Bill was passed in 1956 by Government of Ceylon.

Government accountability to the citizens is the most basic outcome of democracy.

1. Government Accountability: Democracy ensures that the government is accountable to the citizens. This means that elected officials are responsible for their actions and decisions, and they are answerable to the people they represent. Accountability is essential for maintaining transparency and trust in the democratic system.


2. Citizen Participation: Democracy encourages citizen participation in the decision-making process. It allows individuals to express their opinions, vote for their preferred candidates, and engage in political activities. This participation ensures that the government represents the will of the people and acts in their best interests.


3. Protection of Rights: Democracy protects the rights and freedoms of individuals. It guarantees fundamental human rights, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and religion. Citizens have the power to challenge any violation of their rights and seek justice through democratic institutions and processes.


4. Peaceful Transfer of Power: In a democratic system, power is transferred peacefully through fair and regular elections. This prevents the concentration of power in the hands of a few and reduces the likelihood of violent conflicts or coups. The peaceful transfer of power ensures stability and continuity in governance.


5. Rule of Law: Democracy upholds the rule of law, where everyone is subject to the same laws and regulations. This ensures that no one, including government officials, is above the law. The rule of law provides a framework for fairness, justice, and equality in society.

Therefore, among the given options, government accountability to the citizens is the most basic outcome of democracy.

A prudential reason for power sharing is that it helps to avoid the conflict between the social groups. Social conflicts offend leads to political instability and volilance, hence power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.

Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democratically elected government adopted a series of MAJORITARIAN measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.

If several parties compete for power, and more than two parties have a reasonable chance of coming to power either on their own strength or in alliance with other, we call it a multiparty system. Thus in India, we have multi-party system. In this system, the governments is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition. When several parties in a multiparty system join hands the purpose of contesting elections and winning power, it is called an alliance or a front. For example; in India there were three such major alliance in 2004 parliamentary elections ; the National Democratic Alliance, the United Progressive Alliance and the left Front.

Answer:
The Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) was founded on April 6, 1980.
Detailed
The foundation of the Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) can be traced back to the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, a political party established in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mookerjee. However, the Jana Sangh merged with several other parties to form the Janata Party in 1977.
After the Janata Party's split in 1980, a faction led by Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani formed a new political party called the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The BJP aimed to promote the principles of Hindu nationalism and advocate for the rights of the majority Hindu community in India.
On April 6, 1980, the BJP was officially founded with Atal Bihari Vajpayee as its first president. Since its inception, the BJP has grown in prominence and emerged as one of the major political parties in India.
Summary:
The Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) was founded on April 6, 1980, by Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani. It originated from the Bharatiya Jana Sangh and has since become one of the prominent political parties in India.

Answer:
The correct answer is D: All of these countries have an official state religion. Here is a detailed explanation for each country:
Sri Lanka:
- Sri Lanka has Buddhism as its official state religion.
- Buddhism is practiced by the majority of the population in Sri Lanka.
Pakistan:
- Pakistan has Islam as its official state religion.
- Islam is the religion followed by the majority of the population in Pakistan.
England:
- England does not have an official state religion.
- However, the Church of England is the established church in England, which means it holds a special constitutional status.
All of these:
- Both Sri Lanka and Pakistan have an official state religion.
- England, although it does not have an official state religion, has the Church of England as its established church.
- Therefore, all of these countries have some form of official state religion.
It is important to note that while these countries have official state religions, they also guarantee religious freedom and protection for minority religions.

Official Religion of the State in India
India is a diverse country with various religions and beliefs. However, when it comes to the official religion of the state, there is no specific religion that is designated as the official religion of India. The Indian Constitution grants religious freedom to all its citizens and does not favor any particular religion. Here are the key points to understand:
- Hinduism: Hinduism is the majority religion in India, with a significant percentage of the population practicing it. However, it is important to note that Hinduism is not the official religion of the state.
- Islam: Islam is the second-largest religion in India, with a considerable number of followers. However, like Hinduism, Islam is not the official religion of the state.
- Christianity: Christianity is practiced by a minority of the Indian population. While there are Christians in various parts of India, Christianity is not the official religion of the state.
- None: The Indian Constitution enshrines secularism, which means that the state does not promote or favor any specific religion. India is a secular country where people are free to practice and follow any religion of their choice.
In conclusion, India does not have an official state religion. The Indian Constitution guarantees religious freedom and ensures that all citizens have the right to practice their religion without discrimination.