Political Science Mock Test- 3 - Class 10 MCQ

In this type of federalism, the states have an individual identity and have majority of control over their governance. USA, Switzerland and Australia are countries which combined different states together to form a country and hence an example for 'Coming Together' federation.

Explanation:

• Village Level: Panchayat Raj system starts at the village level, where the Gram Panchayat is the basic unit of administration.


• Block Level: The next level is the Block or Taluka level, where a group of villages come together to form a larger administrative unit.


• District Level: The district level is the next higher level where multiple blocks are grouped together under the Zilla Parishad.

Therefore, the Panchayat Raj system involves the following levels:

• Village Level: At the grassroots level, where the Gram Panchayat is responsible for local governance.


• Block Level: Where multiple villages are grouped together for better coordination and administration.


• District Level: Where the Zilla Parishad oversees the administration of multiple blocks within a district.

So, the correct answer is option D: Village, block, and district levels are involved in the Panchayat Raj system.

Decisions taken by which type of government are likely to be more acceptable to the people and more effective?
There is a strong argument to suggest that decisions taken by a democratic government are more likely to be acceptable to the people and more effective. Here's why:
1. Democratic government:
- In a democratic government, decisions are made through a process of consultation, debate, and voting. This allows for multiple perspectives to be considered and ensures that decisions reflect the will of the majority.
- Democratic governments are accountable to the people and can be held accountable for their decisions through regular elections.
- Public participation and engagement are encouraged, leading to a greater sense of ownership and acceptance of decisions made.
- Democratic governments value transparency and accountability, which enhances the effectiveness of decision-making processes.
2. Non-democratic government:
- Non-democratic governments, such as authoritarian or totalitarian regimes, tend to concentrate power in the hands of a few individuals or a single party.
- Decision-making in non-democratic governments often lacks transparency and accountability, leading to decisions that may not reflect the needs and desires of the people.
- Lack of public participation and limited civil liberties can lead to discontent and resistance, making it more difficult for decisions to be effective.
3. Military dictatorship:
- Military dictatorships are characterized by the rule of the military or a small group of military officials.
- Decision-making in military dictatorships may prioritize the interests of the military over those of the general population.
- Lack of public input and limited civil rights can lead to decisions that are not accepted or supported by the majority of the people.
4. Theocracy:
- A theocracy is a government where religious leaders hold the highest authority.
- Decision-making in a theocracy is often based on religious doctrine, which may not take into account the diverse needs and beliefs of the population.
- Theocratic governments may not be seen as legitimate or acceptable by those who do not share the same religious beliefs.
In conclusion, a democratic government is more likely to make decisions that are acceptable to the people and more effective due to the inclusion of multiple perspectives, transparency, accountability, and public participation. However, it is important to note that the effectiveness of decision-making also depends on the specific context and the quality of governance within a democratic system.

Democracy vs Dictatorship: Why is democracy considered as a better form of government?
There are several reasons why democracy is considered a better form of government compared to a dictatorship:
1. Promotes equality and enhances dignity of the individual: Democracy values the rights and freedoms of individuals, providing equal opportunities for all citizens to participate in the decision-making process. It ensures that every individual has a voice and their opinions are considered, regardless of their social status or background.
2. Provides methods to resolve conflicts: Democracy offers peaceful ways to resolve conflicts through open dialogue, negotiations, and compromise. The existence of multiple political parties and a free press allows for diverse opinions and the opportunity to find common ground, reducing the likelihood of violence or suppression.
3. Encourages accountability and transparency: In a democratic system, leaders are accountable to the people and can be held responsible for their actions. Regular elections enable citizens to choose their representatives and remove those who do not fulfill their promises or act against the interests of the people. This ensures transparency and helps prevent abuse of power.
4. Fosters economic development: Democracy tends to promote economic growth and stability. It encourages innovation, investment, and entrepreneurship by providing a stable environment and protecting property rights. Additionally, democratic governments are more likely to invest in education, healthcare, and infrastructure, leading to overall development and improved living standards.
5. Respects human rights: Democracy upholds and protects fundamental human rights, such as freedom of speech, expression, religion, and assembly. It recognizes the inherent worth and dignity of every individual, creating an environment where people can freely express themselves and participate in shaping their society.
Overall, democracy is considered a better form of government as it values the principles of equality, accountability, transparency, and respect for human rights. It provides a framework for peaceful governance, inclusive decision-making, and socio-economic development.

The practices and institutions that measure the accountability of government and involvement of people in the decision-making process in a democracy are:

1. Regular, free and fair elections:

• Elections play a vital role in a democracy as they provide an opportunity for the citizens to choose their representatives.


• Regular elections ensure that the government is accountable to the people and allows for a peaceful transfer of power.


• Free and fair elections ensure that citizens have the right to vote without any coercion or manipulation.

2. Public debate on major policies and legislations:

• Public debate allows citizens to express their opinions and concerns about the policies and legislations proposed by the government.


• It provides an opportunity for citizens to participate in the decision-making process and hold the government accountable for its actions.


• Through public debate, different perspectives and ideas can be considered, leading to better decision-making.

3. Citizens' right to information about the government and its functioning:

• The right to information ensures transparency and accountability in governance.


• Citizens have the right to access information about government policies, decisions, and actions.


• This enables citizens to make informed choices, participate actively in the decision-making process, and hold the government accountable.

Therefore, the accountability of government and involvement of people in the decision-making process in a democracy can be measured through:

Answer: D. 1, 2, and 3

Of the country's total population, 59 per cent lives in the Flemish region and speaks the Dutch language. Another 40 per cent of people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining 1 per cent of the Belgians speak German.

Of the country's total population, 59 per cent lives in the Flemish region and speaks the Dutch language. Another 40 per cent of people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining 1 per cent of the Belgians speak German.

Explanation:

• Federal form of government: A federal form of government is one in which the powers of the government are divided between a central authority and several constituent units of the country.


• Australia: Australia has a federal form of government.

Explanation:

• Spain: Spain is a constitutional monarchy with a unitary structure.


• India: India is a federal republic with a union of states.


• The U.S.A: The United States of America is a federal republic with a union of states.


• Belgium: Belgium is a federal state with a complex structure, consisting of regions and communities.

Answer:

• The U.S.A is the country that has a federal system where power is divided between a central government and individual states.

Therefore, the correct answer to the question is option C: The U.S.A.

The federal system thus has dual objectives: to safeguard and promote the unity of the country, while at the same time accommodate regional diversity.

Communalism is a situation when a particular community tries to promote its own interest at the cost of other communities. Communal politics is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social community.

C is the correct option.In politics, a two-party system is a party system in which two major political parties dominate the political landscape.

As of April 2015, there are 11 states that are ruled by a single party: China (Communist party, 8 registered minor parties) Democratic People's Republic of Korea (AKA- North Korea) (Korean Workers' Party) - 2 minor parties that exist on paper only. Equatorial Guinea (Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea).

Responsibilities of a Girl:

• Take care of the house: Girls are often expected to handle household chores such as cleaning, organizing, and maintaining the house.



• Look after children: Girls are often given the responsibility of taking care of younger siblings or other children in the family.



• To cook: Cooking is also seen as a traditional responsibility of girls, as they are often expected to prepare meals for the family.



• All of the above: In many cultures, girls are expected to fulfill all these responsibilities as part of their gender role.

Detailed Explanation:

• Girls are often socialized into believing that these responsibilities are their primary roles in society.



• These expectations can limit girls' opportunities for education, career development, and personal growth.



• It is essential to challenge these traditional gender roles and empower girls to pursue their interests and aspirations beyond these narrow expectations.



• By promoting equality and challenging stereotypes, we can create a more inclusive and supportive environment for girls to thrive and reach their full potential.

By breaking down these responsibilities and providing a detailed explanation, we can better understand the impact of gender expectations on girls and work towards creating a more equitable society for all.

Arguments in favour of power-sharing

Linguistic diversity can be found in Belgium.

Dutch and French are major communities in Belgium.

59% of the Belgium population speaks Dutch.

1% of the Belgium population speaks German.

Rest of them speaks French.

Groups arguing about victims of communal riots:
Introduction:
In our country, several groups have discussed and debated the victims of communal riots. Among these groups, the Human Rights organizations have argued that most of the victims are people from religious minorities. Let's explore this argument in more detail.
1. Human Rights groups:
- These groups advocate for the protection and promotion of human rights.
- They argue that communal riots often target religious minorities, leading to a disproportionate number of victims from these communities.
- Human Rights groups highlight the need for equal protection and justice for all citizens, regardless of their religious background.
2. Trade Union:
- Trade unions primarily focus on labor rights and issues related to the working class.
- While they may not directly address communal riots, they generally advocate for equal treatment and protection of all workers, irrespective of their religious affiliation.
3. Feminist groups:
- Feminist groups primarily focus on gender equality and women's rights.
- While they may not directly address communal riots, they generally advocate for the protection of marginalized groups, including religious minorities, who may face additional discrimination and violence during such events.
4. Students:
- Student groups often engage in social and political issues, including communal tensions and riots.
- While not all student groups may specifically focus on the religious aspect of communal riots, they generally stand for justice, equality, and protection of all individuals affected by such incidents.
Conclusion:
Among the groups mentioned, Human Rights organizations have specifically argued that most victims of communal riots in our country are people from religious minorities. However, it is important to note that other groups, such as trade unions, feminist groups, and student organizations, also advocate for equal treatment and protection of all individuals, including religious minorities, in the context of communal riots.

Family Laws Matter
Family laws deal with various legal matters related to the family unit. These laws aim to regulate and protect the rights and responsibilities of family members. Some of the matters that fall under family laws include:
1. Marriage and Divorce:
- Marriage: Family laws govern the legal requirements, rights, and obligations of individuals entering into a marriage contract.
- Divorce: Family laws also cover the legal procedures and regulations related to the dissolution of marriage.
2. Adoption:
- Adoption laws define the legal process by which a child becomes a permanent member of a new family.
- These laws outline the requirements, procedures, and rights of the adoptive parents and the adopted child.
3. Inheritance:
- Family laws also address the distribution of property and assets upon the death of a family member.
- These laws determine the legal rights of heirs, beneficiaries, and the process of transferring ownership.
4. Child Custody and Support:
- Family laws establish guidelines for child custody and support in cases of separation or divorce.
- These laws determine the rights and responsibilities of parents and ensure the best interests of the child are prioritized.
5. Domestic Violence:
- Family laws also provide protection and legal remedies for victims of domestic violence within the family unit.
- These laws aim to prevent and address instances of abuse, harassment, or violence within households.
6. Surrogacy and Assisted Reproduction:
- Family laws may also encompass regulations regarding surrogacy and assisted reproduction techniques.
- These laws define the legal rights and responsibilities of all parties involved, including the surrogate mother, intended parents, and the child.
Conclusion:
Family laws cover a wide range of legal matters that impact individuals and families. They aim to ensure fairness, protection, and stability within the family unit. Matters such as marriage and divorce, adoption, inheritance, child custody and support, domestic violence, and surrogacy fall under the purview of family laws.

A party recongnized by the Election Commission, that secures at least six percent of the total votes in Lok Sabha election in four or more States, is called National Party.
Eg: Congress, BJP.

• Indian parliament is based on the ideology of secularism.
• Secularism is an ideology that makes the state free of religious connections. 
• In such states, there is no religious authority and people live freely according to their religion. 
• In a secular state, all people belonging to different religions and ethnicity live under free rule.
   

Answer:
The Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA).
Explanation:
The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) is a political coalition in India, which was formed in 1998. It is composed of various political parties, with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) being the major party in the alliance. The NDA was formed with the aim of providing a stable and united government in India.
In the 1998 general elections, the BJP emerged as the single largest party and formed a coalition government with the support of various regional parties. Atal Bihari Vajpayee, a senior leader of the BJP, became the Prime Minister of India.
The BJP-led NDA government was in power from 1998 to 2004. During this period, several economic reforms and infrastructure development initiatives were undertaken. The government also conducted nuclear tests in Pokhran, which brought India into the global nuclear club.
In conclusion, the BJP came to power in 1998 as the leader of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA).

Dutch is spoken not only in the Netherlands, but it is also the official language of Flanders, the neighbouring northern provinces of Belgium. Worldwide, Dutch is a national language in Suriname (South America), Aruba and the Dutch Antilles (Caribbean). In total Dutch has 23 million mother tongue speakers.

Brussels, Flemish Brussel, French Bruxelles, city, capital of Belgium. It is located in the valley of the Senne (Flemish: Zenne) River, a small tributary of the Schelde (French: Escaut). Greater Brussels is the country's largest urban agglomeration.

Explanation:

The caste system in modern India has undergone significant changes, partly due to the efforts of reformers and partly due to other socio-economic changes. Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Reformers:
- Reformers in India have been working towards eradicating the caste system and promoting social equality.
- They have advocated for equal rights and opportunities for individuals irrespective of their caste.
- Their efforts have led to awareness and consciousness among people regarding the negative aspects of the caste system.
2. Socio-economic changes:
- India has witnessed several socio-economic changes over the years, which have contributed to the transformation of the caste system.
- Urbanization and industrialization have led to increased mobility and interaction among people from different castes.
- Economic development and education have provided opportunities for social upward mobility, reducing the significance of caste in determining one's social status.
- Inter-caste marriages and the growth of a middle class have also played a role in breaking down caste barriers.
3. Other factors:
- Globalization and exposure to different cultures and ideas have influenced societal norms and values in India.
- Legal reforms and affirmative action policies have been implemented to promote social justice and equality.
- The younger generation, influenced by modern ideas and values, is more inclined towards breaking caste barriers.
Overall, the caste system in modern India has been significantly impacted by the efforts of reformers and various socio-economic changes. These factors have contributed to the gradual erosion of the rigid caste system and the promotion of social equality in the country.

Leading factors contributing to the breakdown of caste hierarchy:
1. Large-scale urbanisation:
- Urban areas tend to provide greater opportunities for social mobility and interaction among people from different castes.
- Urbanisation leads to increased exposure to diverse cultures and influences, which can challenge traditional caste-based norms and practices.
- The anonymity and diversity in urban settings often reduce the significance of caste-based identities.
2. Growth of literacy and education:
- Education plays a crucial role in challenging and dismantling caste-based discrimination.
- Literacy and education empower individuals to question and challenge traditional beliefs and practices.
- Education provides opportunities for social and economic mobility, helping individuals break free from the constraints of their caste.
3. Occupational mobility:
- The growth of industries and a more diverse job market has contributed to increased occupational mobility.
- As people move away from traditional occupations linked to their caste, they become less bound by the hierarchical constraints of the caste system.
- Occupational mobility allows individuals to rise above their caste-based social status and redefine their identity based on their skills and achievements.
4. Inter-caste marriages:
- Inter-caste marriages challenge the rigid boundaries of the caste system.
- Such marriages promote social integration and blur the distinction between castes.
- The children of inter-caste marriages often face less pressure to conform to traditional caste norms and often identify themselves outside the confines of the caste system.
5. Legal and social reforms:
- Various legal measures and social initiatives have been implemented to combat caste discrimination and promote equality.
- Affirmative action policies, reservation systems, and anti-discrimination laws aim to provide opportunities and protections to historically disadvantaged castes.
- These reforms contribute to the breakdown of the caste hierarchy by providing avenues for social and economic upliftment.
In conclusion, the breakdown of caste hierarchy is influenced by factors such as large-scale urbanisation, the growth of literacy and education, occupational mobility, inter-caste marriages, and legal and social reforms. These factors challenge the traditional caste-based norms and practices, promoting social mobility, equality, and integration.

To determine which South Asian country has always had a democratic government since independence, we need to analyze the political history of each country.
Pakistan:
- Pakistan gained independence from British rule in 1947.
- Since its inception, Pakistan has experienced periods of military rule and democratic governments. Hence, it does not have a continuous history of democratic government since independence.
Bangladesh:
- Bangladesh gained independence from Pakistan in 1971.
- Although it started as a parliamentary democracy, Bangladesh has experienced periods of military rule as well. Hence, it does not have a continuous history of democratic government since independence.
Bhutan:
- Bhutan, a landlocked country in the eastern Himalayas, transitioned from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy in 2008.
- It has a parliamentary democracy, but it does not have a long history of democratic government since independence.
India:
- India gained independence from British rule in 1947.
- Since then, India has had a continuous history of democratic government.
- It has successfully held regular elections and transitions of power through peaceful means.
- The Indian government is based on a parliamentary system, with a President as the head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of government.
Conclusion:
The South Asian country that has always had a democratic government since independence is India.

The proportion of Tamilian in Sri Lanka's total population is about 18%.

Belgium constitution was amended four times between 1970 to 1993.

Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over a government by virtue of their majority.