RRB JE IT (CBT II) Mock Test- 1 - Computer Science Engineering (CSE) MCQ

• Each worksheet is made up of cells, and cells are a result of the intersection of rows and columns.
• They are basic units for storing data
• Each cell gets its name from this intersection
• The address of a cell that is in column A and has its row number as 4 is referred to as cell A4
• Thus the letter and number of the intersecting column and row is the cell address.
• A group of contiguous cells is called a range
• An example of a cell range would be G1: G3​

Binary data (0 and 1) is primarily stored on the hard disk drive (HDD). The device is made up of a spinning disk (or disks) with magnetic coatings and heads that can both read and write information in the form of magnetic patterns. In addition to hard disk drives, floppy disks and tapes also store data magnetically.

Virus:

• A virus is a program that can infect other programs by modifying them to include a possibly evolved copy of itself.

• A computer Virus is nothing but a computer program that does unwanted things with your computer resources, e.g., you are working on a PC, and you are repeatedly receiving the annoying message.

• Computer viruses are called viruses because they share some of the traits of biological viruses.

• A computer virus passes from computer to computer like a biological virus passes from person to person.

• Common types of virus: File virus, Macro virus, Trojan Horse, Worm

Antivirus:

• Antivirus software is computer software used to prevent, detect and remove a malicious computer virus.

• An antivirus program scans a computer system for virus files and then allows that system user's to deal with those files.

• Various Antivirus tools are Norton, Kaspersky, McFee, vast, Avira, etc

Web page:

• Each page of a website is called a web page

• A web page is a document commonly written in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) that is accessible through the Internet or other networks using an Internet browser.

• A web page is accessed by entering a URL address and may contain text, graphics, and hyperlinks to other web pages and files.

Notepad:

• Notepad is a simple text editor for Microsoft Windows and a basic text-editing program which enables computer users to create documents.

Web browser: A browser is a software application used to locate, retrieve and display the content of Web pages, images, videos, and other files. The browser contacts the Web server and requests information, and the Web server sends the information back to the Web browser, which displays the results on the computer.

Some commonly used web browsers are:

•  

  Internet Explorer

•  

  Firefox

•  

  Google Chrome

•  

  Opera

•  

  Netscape

Outlook Express, formerly known as Microsoft Internet Mail and News, is a discontinued email and news client included with Internet Explorer versions 3.0 through to 6.0. Outlook Express is a different application from Microsoft Outlook.

Hotmail is one of the most popular free online email services provided by Microsoft. Hotmail is a Webmail service, and users access it from any web browser anywhere in the world with an internet connection, provided the username and password to access the Hotmail account is known.

Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and videos, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family, and colleagues.

Computer networks may be classified on the basis of geographical area.

Local Area Network (LAN):

• Networks used to interconnect computers in a single room, rooms within a building or buildings on one site are called LAN

• LAN links computers i.e. software and hardware, in the same area for the purpose of sharing information

• Usually, LAN links computers within a limited geographical area because they must be connected by a cable.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):

• The network size falls intermediate between LANs and WANs

• A MAN typically covers an area of between 5 and 50 km range

Wide Area Network (WAN):

• Computer network spanning a regional, national or global area.

• The distance between computers connected to WAN is larger.

• Therefore the transmission mediums used are normally telephone lines, microwaves and satellite links.

Fourth Generation (1978 - present):

• An IC containing about 100 components is called LSI (Large Scale Integration) and the one, which has more than 1000 such components, is called VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration).

• It uses large-scale Integrated Circuits(LSIC) built on a single silicon chip called microprocessors.

• Due to the development of the microprocessor, it is possible to place a computer's central processing unit(CPU) on a single chip.

• These computers are called microcomputers.

• Later very large scale Integrated Circuits(VLSIC) replaced LSICs. Thus the computer which was occupying a very large room in earlier days can now be placed on a table.

• The personal computer (PC) that can be seen in school is a Fourth Generation Computer.

• Some of the Fourth generation computers are IBM PC, Apple-Macintosh, etc.

• Hard disks were used as secondary memory.

• Keyboards, dot matrix printers, etc., were developed.

• Operating System (OS)-such as MS-DOS, UNIX, Apple's Macintosh was available.

• An object-oriented language, C++, etc. were developed.

Notes:

Computers do all calculations using a code made of just two numbers; 0 and 1. This system is called binary code.

• Windows 10 Mobile was announced on January 21, 2015, as a mobile operating system for smartphones and tablets running on ARM architecture; Its primary focus is unification with Windows 10

• Debian is a Unix-like operating system composed entirely of free software packaged by a team of volunteers.

• Microsoft Disk Operating System is an operating system for x-86 based personal computers.

• Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google.

There are three basic units of a computer system:

• Input Unit: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Light pen, Trackball, etc.
• Central Processing Unit
• Output Unit: Monitor and Printer

Central Processing Unit (CPU): It is the most important unit, where all the processing jobs take place. The CPU is the control centre of the computer and hence it is said to be the brain of the computer. CPU has three main components:

• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): It performs all the arithmetic operations like addition (+), multiplication (*), subtraction (-), division (/) on the numerical data directed by the control unit. All the logical operations, like less than (<), greater="" than="" (="">), equal to (=), not equal to (≠) etc. are also carried out by ALU.
• Control Unit (CU): It controls and coordinates all the operations taking place in the system. It controls the flow of data and information from one unit to the other.
• Registers/Memory Unit (MU): To execute a program, data and instructions need to be stored temporarily. This storage is done in the MU. The data and instructions are retrieved from MU by the Control Unit for supplying to ALU as when required by the program.

• Electronic mail (email) is a method of exchanging messages between people using electronic devices.

• Email operates across computer networks, which today is primarily the Internet.

• Many email providers have a web-based email client e.g., AOL Mail, Gmail, Outlook.com, Hotmail, and Yahoo.

• This allows users to log into the email account by using any compatible web browser to send and receive their email.

• Mac OS is an operating system developed by Apple. It is not a web-based component.

The most common methods for disposing of hazardous waste are:

• Land disposal

• Incineration

If there is abundant land available for the disposal of waste, land disposal is used. If there is no abundant land is available for disposal of waste, incineration is used

Important Points:

Hazardous waste: Hazardous waste is waste that has substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment.

Characteristics: Hazardous wastes are the materials that are known or tested to exhibit one or more of the following hazardous traits:

• Ignitability

• Corrosivity

• Reactivity

• Toxicity

Concept:

Waste to Energy (WtE) or Energy from Waste (EfW) is the process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the primary treatment of waste, or the processing of waste into a fuel source. WtE is a form of energy recovery.

The methods by which energy can be recovered from Waste to Energy are:

• Heat

• Electricity

• Co-generation

Advantages of Waste to Energy:

• Reduction volume of waste

• Reduction of waste going to landfill sites

• Reduction of carbon emissions

• Reduction of the use of fossil fuels

• Electricity and heat can be generated from waste which provides an alternative and more environment-friendly source of energy.

• The local community around EfW facilities benefits from the creation of jobs to cost effective energy.

Vermicompost is the product of the composting process using various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms, to create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. This process of increasing the fertility of the soil by earthworms is known as vermicomposting.

Important Points:

Eutrophication: It is an enrichment of water by nutrient salts that causes structural changes to the ecosystem.

Compounds that contain nitrogen and phosphorus (fertilizers) drive the eutrophication. These nutrients are generally not toxic.

The decaying of organic matter causes water pollution. Organic pollution occurs when an excess of organic matter, such as manure or sewage, enters the water. When organic matter increases in a pond, the number of decomposers will increase. These decomposers grow rapidly and use a great deal of oxygen during their growth. This leads to a depletion of oxygen as the decomposition process occurs. A lack of oxygen can kill aquatic organisms.

Pesticides washed into lakes and ponds from fields cause soil pollution.

High levels of noise causes noise pollution. The noise level is measured in decibels.

Structure of the atmosphere

The atmosphere is divided into five layers starting from the earth's surface:

• Troposphere (0 - 18 km): This is the most important layer of the atmosphere. The air breath exists here. All the weather changes like rainfall, fog, and hailstorm occur in this layer.

• Stratosphere (18 - 50 km): It is free from clouds which makes it the most ideal layer for flying Aeroplanes. It contains a layer of ozone gas which protects from the harmful effect of the sun rays.

• Mesosphere (50 - 85 km): It is the third layer of the atmosphere. Temperature drops to about -95°C. The mesosphere is the coldest region of Earth’s atmosphere.

• Thermosphere (85 - 500 km): In this layer, the temperature rises very rapidly with increasing height. The ionosphere is a part of this layer. It helps in radio transmission.

• Exosphere (500 - 1600 km): The uppermost layer of the atmosphere is called exosphere. It is very thin air. Temperature is very high due to direct solar radiation. Light gases like Helium and Hydrogen float into space from here.

Other Non-conventional energy sources are Wind energy, Solar energy, Bio Energy, Tidal Energy, etc.

Non-renewable or conventional energy sources like coal, petroleum, and natural gas take a lot of time to get replenished on Earth.

Hence, the surface of the earth becomes warm, which causes global warming

The phenomenon is similar to that of greenhouse in which the glass-enclosed atmosphere gets heated up due to its insulation from the rest of the environment

Hence, global warming is also known as the greenhouse effect and the gases responsible for it are called greenhouse gases, e.g., CH₄, CO₂ etc

These oxides are mainly produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, smelters, industries, power plants, automobile exhausts, etc.

• United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) conferred Sasakawa Award 2019 for Disaster Risk Reduction to Dr. Pramod Kumar Mishra.

• He is the Additional Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India.

• The award was announced during the ongoing 6th Session of Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (GPDRR) 2019 at Geneva.

• Hima Das won her second international gold in women's 200m with a top finish at the Kutno Athletics Meet in Poland.

• Hima took 23.97 seconds to clinch the gold, while VK Vismaya bagged the silver in 24.06 seconds.

• This was Hima's second competitive 200m race of 2019. She has a personal best of 23.10s, which she clocked in 2018.

• Andy Murray won the Queen's Club championships doubles title with Feliciano Lopez.

• He and Spaniard Lopez claimed a 7-6(6) 5-7 10-5 over Briton Joe Salisbury and American Rajeev Ram.

• Murray is a five times singles champion at the grass court event and a three-time Grand Slam champion.

Oyilattam folk dance belongs to the adurai region of Tamil Nadu.

This dance is mainly performed at village festivals.

This dance highlights the epics of Ramayana and Mahabaratha.

• Life of Pi is a Canadian fantasy adventure novel by Yann Martel.

• The novel was published in 2001.

• The novel is about a boy who survived 227 days after a shipwreck while stuck on a lifeboat in the Pacific Ocean with a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker.

• The United Nations observes 11 July every year as World Population Day.

• This year’s World Population Day calls for global attention to the unfinished business of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development.

• United Nations Headquarters - New York, USA .

• Founded - 24 October 1945.

• Secretary General - Antonio Guterres.

• The International Police Organization, commonly known as INTERPOL, is an intergovernmental organization facilitating international police cooperation.

• It was established as the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC) in 1923.

• Its headquarters are located in Lyon, France.

• Nicolo di Conti was an Italian traveller, and he is considered as the earliest European visitor to the mighty Hindu Kingdom of Vijayanagar.

• The ruins of the great city of Vijayanagar are found at Hampi in the state of Karnataka.

• Nicolo di Conti reached the city in 1420 - 21 in the reign of Devaraya I.

• His original travel account in Latin is lost. He gives a vivid account of the city of Vijayanagar, its court, customs, currency, festivals and other matters.

• The Battle of Waterloo was fought between the French army commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte and the British army led by the Duke of Wellington in 1815.

• The Battle of Waterloo is considered one of the most dreadful battles in history. In this war, the Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon Bonaparte.

• Napoleon surrendered in front of British forces after a few months. He was sent to St. Helena where he died in 1821.