SRMJEEE Biology Mock Test - 9 - JEE MCQ

In seeds of some plants like black pepper, remnants of nucellus is persistent. This residual, persistent nucellus is called perisperm.

Bacteria decompose the organic matter which is not really living. Hence, it cannot be considered as a prey predator relationship.

Topic in NCERT: Predation

Line in NCERT: "Predation is a very important process through which trophic energy transfer is facilitated and some predators help in controlling their prey populations."

When species 1 was kept with species 2, its number of individuals fell drastically while when species 2 was kept with species 1, its number of individuals was not much affected. Hence, both species are affected by inter-specific competition but species 2 is less affected.

Topic in NCERT: COMPETITION

Line in NCERT: "Therefore, competition is best defined as a process in which the fitness of one species (measured in terms of its 'r' the intrinsic rate of increase) is significantly lower in the presence of another species."

 the answer will be (c) and (e).
Auxins (from Greek ‘auxein’ : to grow) was first isolated from human urine. The term ‘auxin’ is applied to the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and to other natural and synthetic compounds having certain growth regulating properties
Auxins like IAA and indole butyric acid (IBA) have been isolated from plants. NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) and 2, 4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic) are synthetic auxins. All these auxins have been used extensively in agricultural and horticultural practices.

• Bryophytes include the various mosses and liverworts.
• These are non-vascular embryophytes, characterized by the presence of an independent gametophyte and parasitic sporophyte.
• Bryophytes commonly grow in moist, shaded areas in hills.
• These are called amphibians of the plant Kingdom because, these can live in soil, but are dependent on water for sexual reproduction.
• However, their sperms, known as antherozoids, are flagellate and require water to swim and reach the eggs in order to fertilize them. As a result, they require water for sexual reproduction.
• The plant body of bryophytes is more differentiated than that of algae.
• Ecological importance:
  • Some mosses provide food for herbaceous mammals, birds, and other animals.
  • Mosses along with lichens are the first organisms to colonize rocks. Hence, these help in biological succession.
  • Mosses form dense mats on the soil.
  • Marchantia has medicinal properties to cure lungs and liver infections. It also has anti-tumor properties.

Answer: C. Higher taxonomic categories such as phylum include a broader range of organisms than lower categories like species.

Solution: Higher taxonomic categories, like phylum, encompass a broader diversity of organisms, sharing more general characteristics compared to the more specific and closely related organisms grouped within lower categories like species and genus. This reflects the hierarchical nature of biological classification, where each ascending level represents a broader grouping based on less specific shared traits.

Mucous membrane lining the respiratory, gastrointestinal and uriogenital tracts helps in trapping the microbes and constitute physical barriers of our body.

With reference to the following table, 

The most commonly used bioreactors are of stirring type. Stirring type bioreactors are simple stirred-tank bioreactor and sparged stirred-tank bioreactor. 

At telophase stage, nuclear membrane vesicles associate with the surface of individual chromosomes and fuse to reform the nuclear membranes, which partially enclose clusters of chromosomes before coalescing to reform the complete nuclear envelope. During this process, the nuclear pores reassemble and re-associate to form the nuclear lamina. One of the lamina proteins (lamina-B) remains with the nuclear membrane fragments throughout mitosis and may help nucleate reassembly. After the nucleus reforms, the pores pump in nuclear proteins, the chromosome decondenses and RNA synthesis resumes, causing the nucleolus to reappear.

The number of ovule present in ovary determine the number of seeds produced inside the fruit. Mango and neem produce single seed in each fruit. Lemon contain a number of seeds but orchid contain many small size seeds.

Protozoans are diverse, mostly heterotrophic organisms found across various habitats including fresh water, sea water, and moist soil, making Option C correct. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as protozoans are primarily heterotrophs, have several subgroups like amoeboids and flagellates, and not all form symbiotic relationships.

Since resources of growth for most animal populations are finite and become limiting sooner or later, the logistic growth model is considered as more realistic.

Topic in NCERT: Logistic Growth Model

Line in NCERT: "Since resources for growth for most animal populations are finite and become limiting sooner or later, the logistic growth model is considered a more realistic one."

As transcription proceeds the initiation and elongation steps are mediated by the RNA Polymerase enzyme (DNA dependent RNA polymerase). As a result, the RNA transcript is synthesized as a single-stranded structure and is released when the Rho factor binds to the enzyme RNA polymerase to terminate the transcription. 

NCERT Topic: Transcription in bacteria

NCERT Line: "RNA polymerase binds to promoter and initiates transcription (Initiation)."

Biopiracy is the use of biological resources without proper authorization from country or people concerned without compensate payment.

DNA finger printing is highly reliable method of identification of individual involved in crimes. DNA a fingerprinting is a sure method in solving paternity and maternity disputes.DNA fingerprinting cannot be used to cure HIV infection.

A cross between two individuals, one with AB blood group and the other with A blood group will produce four genotypes and three phenotypes.

The genotypes of a husband and wife are I^AI^B and I^Ai.
Four different possible genotypes of their children are: I^AI^B, I^Ai, I^Bi, I^AI^A

The possible number of phenotypes of their children are:

• Blood group A (I^AI^A, I^Ai)
• Blood group B (I^Bi)
• Blood group AB (IAIB)

Fig: Cross between blood groups AB and A 
Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Topic  Co-dominance” of chapter "Principles of Inheritance and Variation"  of NCERT 

Line in NCERT: "Since there are three different alleles, there are six different combinations of these three alleles that are possible, and therefore, a total of six different genotypes of the human ABO blood types."

The vertebral column is differentiated into cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5-fused) and coccygeal (4-fused) regions starting from the skull.

Methane is produced by organisms called methanogens. These are found in marshy places, similar to a cow’s intestines, and they aid in the creation of biogas from cow manure.

Calvin cycle begins with fixation of CO₂ into 3 C sugar by the process of carboxylation. RUBISCO, present in the chloroplast stroma catalyzes carboxylation of ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate (RuBP) followed by immediate splitting of unstable product into 3-phosphoglyceric acid. Carboxylation is followed by a series of reduction reactions wherein 3 C compound 3-phosphoglyceric acid is reduced into 3 C compounds glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate (G3P); the reduction reactions are energized by ATP and NADPH serve as an electron donor. Three turns of Calvin cycle obtains 6 molecules of G3P, out of which one is used for glucose formation and rest are used in regeneration phase.  The last phase of Calvin cycle, the regeneration phase ensures the continuous supply of RuBP for carboxylation and regenerates it using G3P. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Topic in NCERT: The section name from which the line is given is "the calvin cycle."

Line in NCERT: "the calvin cycle proceeds in three stages: (1) carboxylation, during which co2 combines with ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate; (2) reduction, during which carbohydrate is formed at the expense of the photochemically made atp and nadph; and (3) regeneration during which the co2 acceptor ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate is formed again so that the cycle continues."

Sperms are stored in seminal vesicles in cockroach.

• In Snapdragon flower, cross between true-breeding white and red coloured flower produce pink coloured flower in the F1 generation.
• This happens due to the incomplete dominance of alleles over the other.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Topic -  Incomplete Dominance of chapter "Principles of Inheritance and Variation" of NCERT.

Line in NCERT: "The inheritance of flower colour in the dog flower (snapdragon or Antirrhinum sp.) is a good example to understand incomplete dominance. In a cross between true-breeding red-flowered (RR) and true-breeding white-flowered plants (rr), the F1 (Rr) was pink."

• Seminal plasma consists of a mixture of fluid from all the seminal organs of the human male reproductive system.
• It consists of secretion of bulbourethral glands, seminal vesicles, prostate, vasa deferentia, and epididymides, respectively.
• The fluid contains fructose, calcium and certain enzymes.

In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company, first prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of Escherichia coli to produce insulin chains. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulphide bonds to form human insulin (humulin).

Topic in NCERT: Genetically engineered insulin

Line in NCERT: "in 1983, eli lilly an american company prepared two dna sequences corresponding to a and b, chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of e. coli to produce insulin chains."

Genetic maps are indeed a measure of gene distance on the same chromosome, and they are used in genome sequencing projects. The incorrect statement is Option A, as Alfred Sturtevant used a dihybrid test cross to create genetic maps, not a monohybrid test cross.

NCERT Topic: Linkage and recombination

NCERT Line: "His student Alfred Sturtevant used the frequency of recombination between gene pairs on the same chromosome as a measure of the distance between genes and 'mapped' their position on the chromosome."