Science Knowledge - 5 - SSC CHSL MCQ

Army Day Celebration
Introduction:
Army Day is celebrated to honor and commemorate the brave soldiers of the Indian Army who have dedicated their lives to protect the nation. It is a significant day to pay tribute to their courage, sacrifice, and selflessness.
Answer:
Army Day is celebrated on January 15th.
Details:
Here is a detailed explanation of why Army Day is celebrated on January 15th:
1. Historical Significance:
- Army Day marks the day when Field Marshal Kodandera M. Cariappa took over as the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army from General Sir Francis Butcher, the last British Commander-in-Chief on January 15, 1949.
- This historic event symbolizes the transition of the Indian Army from British leadership to Indian leadership.
2. Importance:
- Army Day is celebrated to honor and pay homage to the soldiers who have fought and continue to fight for the country's security and well-being.
- It serves as a reminder of the bravery, dedication, and sacrifice of the Indian Army personnel.
3. Celebrations:
- On Army Day, various events and parades are organized at the national level, including the main event held at the Army Parade Ground in Delhi Cantonment.
- The day begins with the laying of wreaths at the Amar Jawan Jyoti, the memorial of the unknown soldier at India Gate.
- The President of India, who is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces, takes the salute of the parade and presents awards and honors to recognize the bravery and service of the soldiers.
4. Public Awareness:
- Army Day is also an opportunity to raise public awareness about the Indian Army's role, challenges, and achievements.
- It highlights the need for national unity, support, and appreciation for the armed forces.
Conclusion:
Army Day, celebrated on January 15th, is a significant occasion to honor and remember the soldiers' dedication and sacrifice for the nation. It serves as a reminder of their selfless service and the importance of the Indian Army in safeguarding the country's sovereignty and integrity.

World Leprosy Eradication Day
World Leprosy Eradication Day is celebrated on January 30th every year. This day aims to raise awareness about leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, and the importance of eradicating it globally. Here is a detailed explanation of why this day is celebrated:
1. Significance of World Leprosy Eradication Day:
- World Leprosy Eradication Day serves as a reminder that leprosy is still a prevalent disease in many parts of the world.
- It highlights the need for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment to prevent disabilities and reduce stigma associated with the disease.
- The day also emphasizes the importance of research and funding to develop better treatments and eventually eradicate leprosy.
2. Historical background:
- World Leprosy Eradication Day was established by the United Nations in 1953.
- It commemorates the life and work of Mahatma Gandhi, who dedicated his life to serving people affected by leprosy.
3. Activities and campaigns:
- Various organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), conduct campaigns and awareness programs on this day.
- These campaigns focus on educating people about the early signs and symptoms of leprosy, as well as the importance of seeking medical help.
- Efforts are made to reduce the stigma and discrimination faced by leprosy patients and promote their social inclusion.
4. Progress in leprosy eradication:
- Over the years, significant progress has been made in controlling leprosy.
- The number of new cases reported annually has decreased, and many countries have achieved the WHO's target of eliminating leprosy as a public health problem.
- However, challenges remain in reaching remote and marginalized communities, ensuring access to quality healthcare, and addressing the social and economic impact of leprosy.
In conclusion, World Leprosy Eradication Day is celebrated on January 30th to raise awareness about leprosy, promote early detection and treatment, reduce stigma, and work towards the global eradication of this disease.

Introduction:
International Women's Day is a global celebration of women's achievements and a call to action for gender equality. It is observed on March 8th every year.
Explanation:
International Women's Day is celebrated worldwide to recognize the social, economic, cultural, and political achievements of women. It is a day to promote gender equality and women's rights. Here is a detailed explanation of why International Women's Day is celebrated on March 8th:
Historical Significance:
1. The first observance of International Women's Day was held on February 28, 1909, in New York City.
2. The following year, in 1910, the International Socialist Woman's Conference suggested that a day should be dedicated to women's rights and universal suffrage.
3. After discussions at the International Women's Conference in Copenhagen in 1911, it was decided that International Women's Day would be celebrated annually on March 8th.
Reasons for Choosing March 8th:
1. March 8th was chosen to commemorate a significant event in women's history.
2. In 1917, on March 8th (according to the Gregorian calendar), women in Russia began a strike for "bread and peace" during World War I. This strike led to the Russian Revolution and ultimately granted women the right to vote.
3. Since then, March 8th has become a symbolic date for women's rights and equality.
Global Observance:
1. International Women's Day is celebrated in many countries around the world.
2. It is an official holiday in some nations, while in others, it is recognized as a day to raise awareness and promote gender equality.
3. Various events, rallies, conferences, and cultural activities are organized to honor women's achievements and highlight the challenges they face.
4. The day also serves as a platform for advocating for women's rights, equal opportunities, and an end to gender discrimination.
Conclusion:
International Women's Day is celebrated on March 8th to honor women's achievements and promote gender equality. It is a day to recognize the progress made towards women's rights and to raise awareness about the challenges that still exist. The historical significance of March 8th and its association with women's empowerment make it a globally recognized and celebrated day.

World Forestry Day
- World Forestry Day is celebrated on March 21st every year.
- It is also known as the International Day of Forests.
- This day aims to raise awareness about the importance of forests and trees in our lives.
- It provides an opportunity to promote the sustainable management, conservation, and development of all types of forests.
- The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed March 21st as the International Day of Forests in 2012.
- The theme for World Forestry Day changes every year, highlighting different aspects of forests and their significance.
- The day serves as a platform for various organizations and individuals to come together and take actions to protect and preserve forests.
- Celebrations may include tree-planting events, educational programs, seminars, and conferences to promote forest conservation and sustainable practices.
- Forests play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance, providing habitats for diverse species, mitigating climate change, and supporting livelihoods.
- World Forestry Day serves as a reminder of the need to conserve and protect forests for the well-being of present and future generations.

World Water Day - Celebrated on March 22
Introduction:
World Water Day is an international observance day celebrated every year on March 22. It focuses on raising awareness about the importance of freshwater and advocating for the sustainable management of water resources.
Detailed
Here is a detailed explanation of why World Water Day is celebrated on March 22:
1. Significance of March 22:
World Water Day is celebrated on March 22 because it marks the date when the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held its first meeting in 1992. This conference aimed to address various environmental issues, including the management and conservation of water resources.
2. Theme-based Approach:
Each year, World Water Day has a specific theme that highlights a particular aspect of water-related issues. The themes vary from year to year, covering topics such as water scarcity, sanitation, water and climate change, and water and sustainable development.
3. Global Water Crisis:
The celebration of World Water Day serves as a reminder of the global water crisis and the urgent need for collective action to overcome it. It aims to raise awareness about the challenges faced by communities worldwide in accessing clean water and sanitation facilities.
4. Educational Initiatives:
On World Water Day, numerous educational initiatives are undertaken to promote water conservation, sustainable water management practices, and the importance of safe drinking water. These initiatives include workshops, seminars, exhibitions, and campaigns conducted by various organizations, governments, and individuals.
5. Policy Advocacy:
World Water Day also serves as an opportunity for policymakers and stakeholders to discuss and advocate for policies and strategies that ensure the availability and sustainable management of water resources. It encourages collaboration and partnerships among governments, businesses, and communities to address water-related challenges.
Conclusion:
In summary, World Water Day is celebrated on March 22 to raise awareness about the global water crisis, promote sustainable water management practices, and advocate for policies that ensure access to clean water for all. It serves as a platform for education, collaboration, and action to address the pressing water-related challenges faced by communities worldwide.

B.R. Ambedkar Remembrance Day
Answer: B. Apr 14
Explanation:
- B.R. Ambedkar Remembrance Day is celebrated on April 14th every year.
- This day is observed to pay tribute and honor Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, who was a social reformer, jurist, and the chief architect of the Indian Constitution.
- Dr. Ambedkar was born on April 14, 1891, and his contributions towards fighting for social justice, equality, and the rights of marginalized communities are highly significant.
- The day is celebrated to remember and acknowledge his efforts in shaping the modern India we know today.
- Various events and programs are organized on this day to spread awareness about Dr. Ambedkar's teachings and ideology.
- It is a time to reflect on his vision for a just society and to continue working towards achieving his goals of equality and empowerment for all.
- The celebration of B.R. Ambedkar Remembrance Day helps to keep his legacy alive and inspire future generations to strive for a more inclusive and equitable society.

World Earth Day Celebration Date:




World Earth Day is celebrated on April 22nd every year.




Explanation:




World Earth Day is a global event celebrated annually to raise awareness and promote environmental protection. It serves as a reminder for individuals and communities to take action towards preserving our planet. Here is a detailed explanation of why World Earth Day is celebrated on April 22nd:
- The first Earth Day was celebrated on April 22nd, 1970. It was organized by Gaylord Nelson, a U.S. Senator, to bring attention to environmental issues.
- April 22nd was chosen as the date for Earth Day because it falls between Spring Break and Final Exams, making it easier for students to participate.
- The organizers of the first Earth Day aimed to mobilize the public and put environmental concerns on the political agenda. They wanted to demonstrate the growing support for environmental protection.
- The first Earth Day was a huge success, with millions of people participating in rallies, clean-up campaigns, and other activities to promote environmental awareness.
- Since then, Earth Day has been celebrated every year on April 22nd, becoming a global event with participation from individuals, organizations, and governments worldwide.
- Each year, Earth Day focuses on a specific theme or environmental issue, such as climate change, biodiversity, or plastic pollution. It serves as a platform to educate the public and encourage actions that can help protect the Earth.
- Earth Day events and activities vary from country to country, but they often include tree planting, beach clean-ups, educational workshops, and advocacy campaigns.
- The goal of World Earth Day is to inspire and empower individuals to take action for a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly future.




Conclusion:




World Earth Day is celebrated on April 22nd each year as a global reminder to protect our planet and take action towards environmental sustainability. It originated in 1970 and has since become a significant event with millions of people participating worldwide. By raising awareness, organizing activities, and advocating for change, World Earth Day encourages individuals and communities to make a positive impact on the environment.

International Labour Day:
- International Labour Day, also known as May Day, is celebrated on May 1st each year.
- It is a global holiday that honors the achievements and contributions of workers around the world.
- The day is dedicated to promoting workers' rights, fair wages, and safe working conditions.
- It is a time to raise awareness about the importance of workers' rights and the struggles they face.
- The holiday originated in the late 19th century as a result of the labor movement's fight for an eight-hour workday.
- The Haymarket affair in Chicago, United States, in 1886 played a significant role in the establishment of International Labour Day.
- The date May 1st was chosen to commemorate the Haymarket affair and the workers' demand for better working conditions.
- International Labour Day is a public holiday in many countries and is marked by various events, demonstrations, and celebrations.
- It is an opportunity to recognize the contributions of workers and advocate for their rights on a global scale.
- The day serves as a reminder of the ongoing struggle for workers' rights and the need for solidarity among all workers.

World No Tobacco Day
When is World No Tobacco Day celebrated?
- World No Tobacco Day is celebrated on May 31st.
Why is World No Tobacco Day celebrated?
- World No Tobacco Day is celebrated to raise awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco use and to encourage people to quit smoking or using tobacco products.
Key Points:
- World No Tobacco Day was established by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1987.
- The day aims to highlight the health risks associated with tobacco use and advocate for effective policies to reduce tobacco consumption.
- Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, and it is responsible for various health problems such as cancer, heart diseases, and respiratory diseases.
- On World No Tobacco Day, various activities and campaigns are organized globally to educate the public about the dangers of tobacco use and promote tobacco control measures.
- These activities may include public awareness campaigns, anti-smoking advertisements, health education programs, and initiatives to support individuals in quitting smoking.
- The theme for World No Tobacco Day may vary each year, with a focus on different aspects of tobacco control and prevention.
- Governments, healthcare organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and individuals actively participate in World No Tobacco Day to promote a tobacco-free society.
- It serves as an opportunity for individuals to quit smoking and for policymakers to strengthen tobacco control measures.
Conclusion
World No Tobacco Day is celebrated on May 31st to raise awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco use and to advocate for effective tobacco control measures. It is an opportunity for individuals to quit smoking and for governments and organizations to promote a tobacco-free society.

Mahmud of Ghazni and his expeditions in India
Introduction:
Mahmud of Ghazni was a prominent ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire in the 11th century. He is known for his multiple invasions and expeditions into the Indian subcontinent.
Expeditions by Mahmud of Ghazni:
Mahmud of Ghazni made a significant number of expeditions in India. The correct answer to the question is option A: 17 expeditions.
Here is a detailed breakdown of Mahmud of Ghazni's expeditions in India:
1. First Invasion (1000 CE): Mahmud of Ghazni's first expedition was in the year 1000 CE, when he attacked and plundered the temple of Somnath in Gujarat.
2. Second Invasion (1001 CE): In 1001 CE, Mahmud of Ghazni launched his second invasion into India, targeting the city of Multan in present-day Pakistan.
3. Third Invasion (1004 CE): Mahmud's third expedition took place in 1004 CE, where he attacked and captured the city of Lahore.
4. Fourth Invasion (1005 CE): In 1005 CE, Mahmud of Ghazni invaded the region of Punjab and defeated the Hindu Shahi dynasty.
5. Fifth Invasion (1008 CE): Mahmud's fifth expedition was conducted in 1008 CE, during which he attacked and looted the city of Mathura.
6. Sixth Invasion (1013 CE): In 1013 CE, Mahmud of Ghazni launched his sixth expedition, targeting the city of Kanauj.
7. Seventh Invasion (1014 CE): Mahmud's seventh invasion took place in 1014 CE, when he attacked and captured the city of Thanesar.
8. Eighth Invasion (1017 CE): In 1017 CE, Mahmud of Ghazni invaded and plundered the city of Nagarkot.
9. Ninth Invasion (1018 CE): Mahmud's ninth expedition occurred in 1018 CE, where he attacked and looted the city of Bhatinda.
10. Tenth Invasion (1019 CE): In 1019 CE, Mahmud of Ghazni launched his tenth invasion, targeting the city of Gwalior.
11. Eleventh Invasion (1021 CE): Mahmud's eleventh expedition took place in 1021 CE, when he attacked and captured the city of Nandana.
12. Twelfth Invasion (1022 CE): In 1022 CE, Mahmud of Ghazni invaded and plundered the city of Thaneshwar.
13. Thirteenth Invasion (1023 CE): Mahmud's thirteenth invasion occurred in 1023 CE, where he attacked and looted the city of Somnath for the second time.
14. Fourteenth Invasion (1024 CE): In 1024 CE, Mahmud of Ghazni launched his fourteenth invasion into India, targeting the region of Gujarat.
15. Fifteenth Invasion (1025 CE): Mahmud's fifteenth expedition took place in 1025 CE, when he attacked and captured the city of Anhilwara.
16. Sixteenth Invasion (1026 CE): In 1026 CE, Mahmud of Ghazni invaded and plundered the city of Somnath for the

Answer:
The name of Qutab Minar has been kept after Khwaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar.
Explanation:
The Qutab Minar is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Delhi, India. It is a famous historical monument that attracts tourists from all over the world. The name of Qutab Minar is associated with Khwaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar, who was a famous Sufi saint during the reign of Sultan Iltutmish.
Details:
- Qutubuddin Aibak: He was the founder of the Delhi Sultanate and the first Sultan of Delhi. Although he played a significant role in the construction of the Qutab Minar, the monument was not named after him.
- Khwaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar: He was a renowned Sufi saint and a disciple of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti. The Qutab Minar is believed to have been named after him to honor his spiritual significance.
- Iltutmish: He was the third Sultan of Delhi and the father of Razia Sultana, the first female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. Iltutmish further expanded the Qutab Minar complex during his reign.
- Al Qutb Mirza: There is no historical evidence or connection between Al Qutb Mirza and the Qutab Minar. Therefore, it is not the correct answer.
In conclusion, the name of Qutab Minar has been kept after Khwaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar, a prominent Sufi saint of his time.

The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 in India:
The Sepoy Mutiny, also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857, was a significant uprising against British colonial rule in India. It was triggered by various factors, including economic grievances, religious and cultural tensions, and the introduction of new military practices by the British.
Mangal Pandey:
Mangal Pandey, an Indian soldier in the British East India Company's Bengal Native Infantry, is considered to be the sepoy who started the Sepoy Mutiny. Here are some key points about Mangal Pandey:
1. Background: Mangal Pandey was born in 1827 in Nagwa, a village in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India. He joined the East India Company's army at a young age.
2. Barrackpore Incident: On March 29, 1857, Mangal Pandey was stationed at the Barrackpore cantonment near Calcutta (now Kolkata). He rebelled against the British when he refused to use the newly introduced Enfield rifle cartridges rumored to be greased with animal fat, which went against the religious beliefs of both Hindu and Muslim soldiers.
3. Attack on British Officers: Mangal Pandey attacked two British officers, Lieutenant Baugh and Sergeant-Major Hewson, during the Barrackpore Incident. Though he failed to kill them, his actions sparked a wave of discontent among the Indian soldiers.
4. Execution and Impact: Mangal Pandey was arrested, tried for mutiny, and sentenced to death. He was hanged on April 8, 1857. His execution further fueled the uprising, and his actions were seen as a symbol of resistance against British oppression.
5. Symbol of Indian Nationalism: Mangal Pandey is often regarded as one of the early freedom fighters in India's struggle for independence. His act of defiance and sacrifice inspired many others to join the rebellion against British rule during the Sepoy Mutiny.
Conclusion:
Mangal Pandey's actions and subsequent execution played a significant role in instigating the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. His defiance against the British and his sacrifice made him a symbol of resistance and a martyr for Indian independence.

King of Jhansi:
The king of Jhansi, to whom Rani Lakshmibai was married, was Gangadhar Rao.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:
- Rani Lakshmibai, also known as the Rani of Jhansi, was one of the leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
- She was married to Gangadhar Rao, who was the king of Jhansi.
- Gangadhar Rao was born in 1794 and ascended the throne of Jhansi in 1843.
- He belonged to the Maratha dynasty and ruled Jhansi, a princely state in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Gangadhar Rao and Rani Lakshmibai were married in 1842.
- Unfortunately, their marriage was short-lived as Gangadhar Rao passed away in 1853, leaving Rani Lakshmibai as a widow.
- After his death, Rani Lakshmibai became the regent of Jhansi on behalf of their adopted son and played a pivotal role in the uprising against British rule.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the king of Jhansi to whom Rani Lakshmibai was married was Gangadhar Rao. He ruled Jhansi during the mid-19th century, and their marriage played a significant role in the history of Jhansi and the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

Q: Who among these was also known as 'Lakh Baksh'?
A: Qutubuddin Aibak
B: Iltutmish
C: Balban
D: None of these
Answer: A (Qutubuddin Aibak)
Explanation:
- Qutubuddin Aibak, the first ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, was also known as 'Lakh Baksh'.
- 'Lakh Baksh' translates to 'the giver of lakhs' in English, referring to his generosity in distributing wealth and gifts to his subjects.
- Qutubuddin Aibak was a slave of Muhammad Ghori and later became his trusted lieutenant and successor.
- After Muhammad Ghori's death, Qutubuddin Aibak established the Mamluk dynasty and ruled as the Sultan of Delhi from 1206 to 1210.
- He is known for building the iconic Qutub Minar in Delhi, which stands as a symbol of his reign.
- Qutubuddin Aibak played a significant role in laying the foundation of the Delhi Sultanate and the subsequent Turkic-Muslim rule in the Indian subcontinent.
- His title 'Lakh Baksh' reflects his reputation as a generous and benevolent ruler.
- Iltutmish and Balban were also prominent rulers of the Delhi Sultanate, but they were not known by the epithet 'Lakh Baksh'.
- Therefore, the correct answer is A: Qutubuddin Aibak.

The first mosque of India
Introduction:
The first mosque in India holds historical significance and is a symbol of the country's rich Islamic heritage. Let's explore the options and find out which one is the correct answer.
Options:
A: Babri Masjid
B: Jama Masjid
C: Qwatul Islam
D: Adhai Din ka Jhopra
Explanation:
To determine the first mosque of India, we need to consider the historical records and evidence.
1. Babri Masjid:
- Babri Masjid, located in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, was built in the 16th century.
- While it is a significant mosque, it cannot be considered the first mosque in India.
2. Jama Masjid:
- Jama Masjid, situated in Delhi, is one of the largest and oldest mosques in India.
- It was constructed by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan between 1644 and 1656.
- While Jama Masjid is a prominent mosque, it is not the first mosque in India.
3. Qwatul Islam:
- Qwatul Islam Mosque, also known as the "Mosque of Qutb al-Islam," is located in Delhi.
- It was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the first Sultan of Delhi, in 1198 AD.
- Qwatul Islam Mosque is considered the first mosque of India, making option C the correct answer.
4. Adhai Din ka Jhopra:
- Adhai Din ka Jhopra, situated in Ajmer, Rajasthan, is a famous mosque.
- It was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, who converted a Sanskrit college into a mosque in 1199 AD.
- While Adhai Din ka Jhopra is historically significant, it is not the first mosque in India.
Conclusion:
After considering the options and analyzing the historical facts, it is evident that the correct answer is option C: Qwatul Islam. This mosque, built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak in Delhi in 1198 AD, holds the distinction of being the first mosque of India.

Dayanand Saraswati
- Dayanand Saraswati was an Indian philosopher, social reformer, and founder of the Arya Samaj.
- He advocated for the revival of Vedic knowledge and promoted a return to the teachings of the Vedas.
- His motto was "Go Back to the Vedas," emphasizing the importance of the ancient scriptures in guiding society.
- Dayanand Saraswati believed that the Vedas contained knowledge that could address the social, political, and religious issues of his time.
- He encouraged people to study and follow the principles found in the Vedas to bring about social and spiritual reform in India.
Pandit Shankaracharya
- Shankaracharya was an 8th-century Indian philosopher and theologian who is credited with revitalizing Hinduism and establishing the Advaita Vedanta school of thought.
- While he emphasized the importance of the Vedas and their interpretation, his motto was not specifically "Go Back to the Vedas."
- Shankaracharya's teachings focused on the non-dualistic nature of reality and the ultimate goal of attaining liberation (moksha).
Vivekananda
- Swami Vivekananda was a 19th-century Indian monk and philosopher who played a key role in introducing Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world.
- While he revered the Vedas and believed in their eternal teachings, his motto was not specifically "Go Back to the Vedas."
- Vivekananda emphasized the practical application of Vedantic teachings in everyday life and the promotion of universal harmony and spiritual growth.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a 19th-century Indian social reformer who advocated for the abolition of social evils such as Sati and child marriage.
- While he criticized certain aspects of Hinduism, his motto was not specifically "Go Back to the Vedas."
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy emphasized the need for rationality, education, and social reform based on principles of reason and humanism.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Dayanand Saraswati, who had the motto "Go Back to the Vedas."

The Ram Krishna Mission
The Ram Krishna Mission was founded by Swami Vivekananda, an Indian Hindu monk and disciple of the Indian mystic Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. Vivekananda established the mission on 1 May 1897 with the aim of promoting the spiritual, educational, and social welfare of people. The mission is based on the principles of Vedanta, a philosophical system derived from Hindu scriptures.
Key Points:
- Founder: Swami Vivekananda
- Establishment: 1 May 1897
- Purpose: To promote spiritual, educational, and social welfare
- Based on the principles of Vedanta
About Swami Vivekananda:
- Swami Vivekananda was born on 12 January 1863 in Kolkata, India.
- He was a key figure in the introduction of Indian philosophies and spirituality to the Western world.
- Vivekananda was a disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and became the chief disciple of his guru.
- He played a significant role in the revival of Hinduism in India and the spread of Vedanta philosophy.
- Vivekananda's teachings emphasized the unity of all religions and the importance of self-realization and service to humanity.
About the Ram Krishna Mission:
- The Ram Krishna Mission is a worldwide spiritual and philanthropic organization.
- It follows the teachings of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and Swami Vivekananda.
- The mission runs educational institutions, hospitals, orphanages, and other charitable activities.
- It aims to promote the harmony of religions, social welfare, and the spiritual development of individuals.
- The mission also emphasizes the importance of selfless service and the pursuit of knowledge.
Conclusion:
The Ram Krishna Mission was founded by Swami Vivekananda, a disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, on 1 May 1897. The mission serves as a spiritual and philanthropic organization, promoting the principles of Vedanta and emphasizing selfless service, education, and social welfare.

Mercury's Revolution Period:
Mercury, being the closest planet to the Sun, has a relatively short revolution period compared to other planets in our solar system. Its revolution period refers to the time it takes for Mercury to complete one orbit around the Sun.
Answer: A. 88 days
Detailed Explanation:
To understand why the answer is 88 days, let's break down the details:
1. Orbital Period:
Mercury's orbital period is approximately 88 Earth days or about 0.24 Earth years. This means that it takes Mercury 88 days to complete one revolution around the Sun.
2. Relationship with the Sun:
Due to its close proximity to the Sun, Mercury experiences a strong gravitational pull. This gravitational force allows Mercury to maintain a shorter orbit around the Sun compared to other planets.
3. Elliptical Orbit:
Mercury's orbit is elliptical rather than perfectly circular. This means that its distance from the Sun varies throughout its orbit. At its closest point (perihelion), Mercury is about 46 million kilometers away from the Sun, while at its farthest point (aphelion), it is approximately 70 million kilometers away.
4. Influence of Other Planets:
Although Mercury's revolution period is primarily determined by its distance from the Sun, the gravitational influences of other planets in the solar system also play a minor role in shaping its orbit.
In conclusion, Mercury takes approximately 88 days to revolve around the Sun. Its short revolution period is a result of its close proximity to the Sun and its elliptical orbit.

Number of Satellites of Jupiter:
- Jupiter is known to have a large number of satellites or moons orbiting around it.
- The number of satellites of Jupiter has been determined through observations made by various telescopes and space probes.
- The current count of Jupiter's satellites is constantly being updated as new discoveries are made.
- The total number of satellites of Jupiter as of now is 67.
- These satellites vary in size and shape, with some being as small as a few kilometers in diameter and others being much larger.
- The largest of Jupiter's satellites is Ganymede, which is even larger than the planet Mercury.
- Other notable satellites of Jupiter include Callisto, Io, and Europa.
- These satellites have been the subject of numerous scientific studies and observations, revealing valuable information about the planet and its system.
- The satellites of Jupiter play a crucial role in understanding the dynamics and characteristics of the planet and its environment.
- Further exploration and research may lead to the discovery of more satellites around Jupiter in the future.

Answer:
Number of Satellites Jupiter has:
- Jupiter has a total of 67 known satellites.
- These satellites are also known as moons.
- The discovery of these moons has been an ongoing process, and the number may continue to change as new discoveries are made.
- Jupiter's largest moon is Ganymede, which is the largest moon in the entire solar system.
- Other notable moons of Jupiter include Callisto, Io, and Europa.
Explanation:
- Scientists and astronomers have been studying Jupiter and its moons for many years.
- They use various methods to detect and study these moons, including telescopes and space probes.
- The discovery of new moons often requires careful observation and analysis of data collected from these instruments.
- The current count of 67 known satellites is based on the latest information available to scientists.
- It is important to note that the number of known satellites may change in the future as more research is conducted and new technology is developed.
- Therefore, it is always recommended to refer to the most up-to-date scientific sources for the most accurate and reliable information on the number of satellites Jupiter has.

Above the earth surface, Ionosphere extends from:
The correct answer is A: 500-600km.
Explanation:
The ionosphere is a region of the Earth's atmosphere that is ionized by solar radiation. It is located above the mesosphere and extends from about 60 km to 1,000 km above the Earth's surface. The ionosphere is divided into three main layers: D, E, and F.
- The D layer is the lowest layer of the ionosphere and extends from about 60 km to 90 km above the Earth's surface.
- The E layer is located above the D layer and extends from about 90 km to 160 km above the Earth's surface.
- The F layer is the highest layer of the ionosphere and is further divided into two sublayers: F1 and F2. The F1 layer extends from about 160 km to 250 km above the Earth's surface, while the F2 layer extends from about 250 km to 500 km above the Earth's surface.
Therefore, the ionosphere extends from approximately 60 km to 500-600 km above the Earth's surface. The correct answer is A: 500-600km.

Largest Freshwater Lake in the World: Lake Superior
Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake in the world. Here are some key points to explain why:
- Location: Lake Superior is located in North America, bordered by the United States and Canada. It is one of the five Great Lakes of North America.
- Size: Lake Superior has a surface area of approximately 82,103 square kilometers (31,700 square miles), making it the largest freshwater lake by surface area.
- Volume: With a volume of about 12,100 cubic kilometers (2,900 cubic miles), Lake Superior also holds the title for the largest freshwater lake by volume.
- Depth: The maximum depth of Lake Superior is around 406 meters (1,333 feet). It is known for its deep and clear waters.
- Importance: Lake Superior plays a significant role in the region's economy, providing opportunities for fishing, transportation, and tourism. It is also a vital source of freshwater for millions of people.
- Wildlife: The lake is home to various species of fish, including trout, salmon, and whitefish. It also supports a diverse ecosystem with numerous bird species and other wildlife.
In conclusion, Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake in the world, offering breathtaking beauty, abundant natural resources, and recreational activities for both locals and visitors.

Most Populated Island in the World: Java
Explanation:
Java, the most populous island in the world, is located in Indonesia. Here are some key points to support this answer:
- Geographical Location: Java is an island in Southeast Asia and is part of the country of Indonesia. It is situated between Sumatra to the west and Bali to the east.
- Population: Java has a population of over 145 million people, making it the most populated island globally. The high population density is attributed to factors such as urbanization, fertile land for agriculture, economic opportunities, and historical reasons.
- Major Cities: Java is home to several large cities, including Jakarta (the capital and largest city of Indonesia), Surabaya, Bandung, and Semarang. These urban centers contribute significantly to the island's population.
- Economic Importance: Java is the economic and political center of Indonesia. It has a well-developed infrastructure, industries, and commercial activities, which attract people from other parts of the country in search of better opportunities.
- Cultural Significance: Java is also known for its rich cultural heritage, including Javanese art, music, dance, and traditional customs. Its cultural significance and historical landmarks make it an attractive destination for tourists.
In conclusion, Java, located in Indonesia, is the most populated island in the world with a population exceeding 145 million people. Its strategic location, economic opportunities, and cultural significance contribute to its high population density.

The Largest Dome in the World: Astrodome
Introduction:
The Astrodome is widely considered the largest dome in the world. It is a multi-purpose indoor stadium located in Houston, Texas, United States. Let's explore the reasons why the Astrodome stands out as the largest dome.
Key Features of the Astrodome:
- Size: The Astrodome has a diameter of 642 feet (196 meters), making it the largest dome structure in the world.
- Construction: It was constructed using innovative engineering techniques, with a steel frame covered by a translucent polycarbonate roof.
- Capacity: Originally built to accommodate 62,439 spectators, the Astrodome has hosted various events such as sports games, concerts, and conventions.
- Historical Significance: The Astrodome was the first indoor stadium to have a fully air-conditioned facility, revolutionizing the concept of sports and entertainment venues.
Other Notable Domes:
While the Astrodome holds the title for the largest dome, it is worth mentioning other famous domes around the world:
- Gol Gumbad: Located in Bijapur, India, Gol Gumbad is an impressive mausoleum with the world's second-largest dome.
- Taj Mahal: Although not primarily known for its dome, the Taj Mahal in Agra, India, features a magnificent white marble dome.
- None of these: The correct answer to the question is A: Astrodome, as it is indeed the largest dome in the world.
In conclusion, the Astrodome holds the distinction of being the largest dome in the world due to its impressive size, construction, and historical significance. While other domes like Gol Gumbad and Taj Mahal are noteworthy, they do not surpass the Astrodome in terms of size.

Answer:
The driest place on Earth is Iquique (Option C).
Explanation:
Iquique, located in the Atacama Desert of Chile, is recognized as the driest place on Earth. Here's why:
1. Annual Precipitation: Iquique receives an average annual precipitation of less than 1 millimeter. This incredibly low amount of rainfall contributes to its extreme dryness.
2. Geographical Location: Iquique is situated in the northern part of Chile, along the coast of the Pacific Ocean. The region's topography and atmospheric conditions create a rain shadow effect, preventing moisture from reaching the area.
3. Atacama Desert: Iquique is located within the Atacama Desert, which is known as the driest non-polar desert in the world. The desert's unique geographical features, including its high elevation and proximity to cold ocean currents, contribute to its aridity.
4. Lack of Vegetation: The Atacama Desert is devoid of significant vegetation due to the lack of rainfall. The absence of plants and trees further reinforces the desert's dry and barren nature.
5. Scientific Studies: Numerous scientific studies have been conducted in the Atacama Desert, including experiments related to Mars exploration. The extreme dryness and unique environmental conditions make it an ideal location for studying extraterrestrial life and testing technology for space missions.
In conclusion, Iquique in the Atacama Desert of Chile is widely regarded as the driest place on Earth due to its minimal precipitation, geographical location, desert characteristics, and lack of vegetation.