Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 3 - UPSC MCQ

B is the correct option.The statement - “The only hope of India is from the masses. The upper classes are physically and morally dead.” - was made by Swami Vivekananda in the context of the need for mass action by the Indian people.

- C. Vijiaraghavachariar was the first Indian leader to undergo imprisonment in 1882.
- He was an influential figure during the early phases of the Indian national movement.
- His imprisonment marked a significant moment in the struggle against British colonial rule, as it was one of the earliest instances of political imprisonment.
- This event signaled the growing resistance and the sacrifices leaders were willing to make for India’s freedom.

• The disagreement between B.G. Tilak, G.K. Gokhale, and Agarkar primarily stemmed from differences in the control and direction of the Deccan Education Society.
• Originally founded by Tilak, Agarkar, and others to provide Western education, disputes arose over its administration and ideological approach.
• Though Gokhale was not directly involved in the initial disagreement, his later association with the society and his differing views from Tilak added to the friction. This led to a split, with Tilak parting ways from others in the society.

The correct option is C.
Factionalism was particularly acute in the Punjab, with three groups within the Lahore Brahmo Samaj, a major split within the Aryas, and a conflict between Lala Harkishan LaI and Lala Lajpat Rai. Washbrook has tried to analyse Madras politics in terms of a triangular conflict between the V. Bhashyam Iyengar and S. Subramania Iyer in the 1880s, followed by V. Krishnaswami Iyer-the 'in' group, according to him, its Iess succcssful 'Egmore' rivals. also Madras city based (C. Sankaran Nair, Kasturi Ranga Iyengar), and mofussil 'outs' Iike T. Prakasam and Krishna Rao in coastal Andhra or Chid- ambaram Pillai in Tuticorin who allied with some 'Egmore' politicians to constitute Madras Extremism after 1905.

The correct answer is D as all the given leaders  joined the Swadeshi movement

B is the correct option.On 22 June 1897, brothers Damodar Hari Chapekar and Balkrishna Hari Chapekar assassinated a British official Walter Charles Rand and his military escort Lieutenant Ayerst at Pune, Maharashtra. This was the first case of militant nationalism in India after the 1857 Revolt.

In 1897, Chapekar brothers assassinated the W. A. Rand and his military Lieutenant Ayerst at Pune, Maharashtra.
 

The correct answer is: a) The Kesari (Maharashtra)

• The Kesari (edited by Bal Gangadhar Tilak) was a nationalist newspaper that promoted moderate and later extremist nationalist ideas, but it did not advocate revolutionary terrorism. Instead, it focused on promoting swadeshi, self-rule, and constitutional methods for achieving independence.

• The Kal (Maharashtra), The Yugantar (Bengal), and The Sandhya (Bengal) were known for their revolutionary and militant approach after 1905. These newspapers supported revolutionary terrorism as a means to overthrow British rule, particularly after the Partition of Bengal in 1905, which intensified the nationalist struggle.