Super TET Mock Test - 1 - Super TET MCQ

अथ - प्रारम्भ विलोम युग्म सुमेलित नहीं है।

Key Points

• अथ का अर्थ - आरम्भ तथा मंगलसूचक
• प्रारम्भ का अर्थ - शरुआत
• अतः स्पष्ट है अथ - प्रारम्भ विलोम युग्म नहीं है।

Additional Information

• एक़-दूसरे के विपरीत या उल्टा अर्थ देने वाले शब्द विलोम कहलाते है।
• सरल शब्दों में- जो शब्द किसी दूसरे शब्द का उल्टा अर्थ बताते हैं, उन्हें विलोम शब्द या विपरीतार्थक शब्द कहते है।
• जैसे- अपेक्षा- उपेक्षा, आय- व्यय, आजादी-गुलाम, नवीन- प्राचीन शब्द एक दूसरे के उलटे अर्थ वाले शब्द है। अतः इन्हें 'विलोम शब्द' कहते हैं।
• अत: विलोम का अर्थ है- उल्टा या विरोधी अर्थ देने वाल़ा।
• विलोम शब्द अपने सामनेवाले शब्द के सर्वदा विपरीत अर्थ प्रकट करते हैं।

उपर्युक्त विकल्पों में से विकल्प 4 ‘निरामिष’ सही उत्तर है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत हैं।

Key Points

• 'सामिष' का सही विलोम शब्द 'निरामिष' है।
• सामिष​ और आमिष का अर्थ – मांस से युक्त।
• निरामिष​ का अर्थ – मांसरहित। (जो माँस नही खाता)

अन्य विकल्प -

Additional Information

सही उत्तर है - “कमाया तो खाया नहीं तो भूखे”।

• “आई तो रोजी नहीं तो रोजा” लोकोक्ति का अर्थ है कमाया तो खाया नहीं तो भूखे।
• वाक्य प्रयोग : फेरी वाले का क्या, यदि कुछ माल बिक जाता है तो खाना खा लेता है वरना भूखा सो जाता है। सच है, आई तो रोजी नहीं तो रोजा।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प:

• ​​कोई वास्ता न होना लोकोक्ति का अर्थ - किसी प्रकार का संबंध न होना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - यदि भारत का कोई राष्ट्रीय चरित्र है तो यही कि ईमानदारी का हमसे फ़िलहाल कोई वास्ता नहीं।
• अंधेर करना मुहावरा का अर्थ है - अन्याय करना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - रमेश का सेठ हमेशा उस पर अन्याय करता रहता है।
• धोखा देना का अर्थ : छलना या भ्रम में डालना।
• वाक्य प्रयोग - धोखा देना तो गगन की पुरानी आदत है।

Additional Informationअन्य उदाहरण:

• टाँग अड़ाना मुहावरे का अर्थ : अड़चन डालना।
  वाक्य प्रयोग - जो लोग दूसरों के कामो में टाँग अड़ाते हैं उन्हें कोई पसंद नहीं करता।
• गढ़ फतह करना मुहावरे का अर्थ - कठिन काम करना।
  वाक्य प्रयोग - आई.पी.एस पास करके दीक्षा ने सचमुच गढ़ फतह कर लिया।

'To abstain' is to stay away from some habit or some decision. None of the other options depict the same meaning.
Thus the correct answer is option 3.
Example- The leaders abstained from voting on the particular topic.

Slander is to work on lines so as to defame the character and image of a person. Thus, defame is the nearest synonym to slander.   
Example- During elections, there is a fest of defamation between politicians.

'Working against the clock' means to do it as fast as possible and try to finish it before a certain time.
Option 4 is hence the correct option.
Example- The students worked against the clock to get their final presentation ready before the committee.

स्पष्टीकरण:- पाणिनी ने अपने अष्टाध्यायी में १४ प्रत्याहार सूत्र बताये है। वह इसप्रकार है-

माहेश्वर सूत्र यह प्रत्याहार सूत्र के साथ 'चतुर्दश सूत्र' से भी जाने जाते है।

इनमे चौथा सूत्र 'ऐऔच्' होता है।

Additional Information

उत्पत्ति:- एक आख्यायिका के अनुसार पाणिनि को यह सूत्र भगवान शङ्कर से प्राप्त हुए।

नृत्तावसाने नटराजराजो ननाद ढक्कां नवपञ्चवारम्।

उद्धर्तुकामः सनकादिसिद्धान् एतद्विमर्शे शिवसूत्रजालम् ॥

अर्थ:- "नृत्य (ताण्डव) के अवसान (समाप्ति) पर नटराज (शिव) ने सनकादि ऋषियों की सिद्धि और कामना का उद्धार (पूर्ति) के लिये नवपंच (चौदह) बार डमरू बजाया। इस प्रकार चौदह शिवसूत्रों का ये जाल (वर्णमाला) प्रकट हुयी।"

इस तरह से इन माहेश्वर सूत्रोंकी उत्त्पत्ति है। इन्हे शिवसूत्र भी कहते है। इन्ही १४ शिवसूत्रोंको पाणिनि ने भगवान शङ्कर से प्राप्त किया और उनसे अष्टाध्यायी के प्रत्याहार बनाये। इसलिए इन सूत्रों को प्रत्याहार विधायक सूत्र भी कहते है।

स्पष्टीकरण -

उक्त वाक्य में 'धनेनैव' पद में तृतीया विभक्ति-'करण कारक' का प्रयोग हुआ हैI
गद्यांश में वाक्य है- 'धनेनैव निरक्षरः अपि जनः पण्डितमण्डलमण्डनमणिः जायते' अर्थात् 'धन से ही निरक्षर भी पंडित लोगों में शिरोमणि बन जाते है।'

• 'धनेनैव' का अर्थ होता है 'धन से ही', इस में 'धनेन में तृतीया विभक्ति और 'एव' यह अव्यय हैI
• तृतीया विभक्ति होने के कारण यहां पर करण कारक हैI
• क्रिया की सिद्धि में जो अत्यन्त सहायक होता है, वहाँ करण कारक होता है।

कर्त्ता 'जनः' यह 'धन' की सहायता से अपना काम पूरा करता है, अतः यहाँ करण कारक का प्रयोग हुआ है।
Additional Information

धन शब्द अकारान्त नपुंसकलिङ्ग का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित है-

​Mendel’s principle of inheritance is based on sexual reproduction. 

​The fabrication of the transistor is the process of creating the transistor that is used in electrical and electronics circuit. Transistors are made from very pure silicon or germanium, but certain other semiconductor materials can also be used.

Diameter of the circle = breadth of the rectangle = 42 meters
Radius of the circle

So the answer 

Hence, Option D is correct.

Let the numerator = x and denominator = y

y + 3 = 2y ⇒ y = 3

x +1= 3 ⇒ x = 2

∴ xy = 2 × 3 = 6

The Governor of a particular state is appointed directly by the President of India for a period of five years.

You would see a storehouse at dockyard while you are travelling with your parents about 4000 years ago from Lothal to Mohenjodaro.

“Learning is a relatively permanent change in personality (including cognitive, affective, attitudinal, motivational, behavioral, and experiential) and reflects a change in performance usually brought about by practice although it may arise from insight or other factors, including memory.”

Key Points

The characteristics of the learning process are:

• Learning is goal-directed: Every human being aspires to achieve some goals in his/her life. These goals may be achieved through learning. If there is no goal to achieve, then there would be no necessity of learning.
• Learning is intentional: Since an individual sets a goal to achieve, he/she has to deliberately do some activity to attain the goal. If he/she does not have any intention to reach the goal or is quite casual about it, then it is difficult to reach the goal and in that sense, learning is weak or may not take place at all.
• Learning is an active process: One has to perform some activity, may be physical or mental, or both to learn something. The mind has to remain active to acquire new experiences; otherwise, no learning can take place.
• Learning is individualistic: You might have observed that in a class there are some students who learn more quickly while others learn slowly. In fact, the pace of learning differs from person to person.
• Learning is the outcome of the interaction of the individual with the environment: As a teacher, you have to organize the environment carefully to motivate the students so as to interact with you, peer students, and teaching-learning materials.
• Learning is a continuous process: From childhood every human being tries to change his/her behavior, thinking, attitude, interest, etc. continuously to fit himself/ herself to the ever-changing conditions of life.
• Learning is transferable: Learning in one situation can be used to solve problems in another situation. Learning of mathematics, science, social science and language help the child to perform different activities in their real life.

Hence, we conclude that Learning is a passive process is not a characteristic of the learning process.

Heuristic methods of teaching involve placing students as far as possible in the altitude of the discoverer. These methods involve their finding out instead of being merely told about things.

• Heuristic methods of teaching involve placing students as far as possible in the altitude of the discoverer. These methods involve their finding out instead of being merely told about things.

• This method can also be named as the 'discovery method'.
• It is in contrast to the lecture method. Instead of merely the teacher telling everything the student finds out everything for himself. It demands complete self-experience of self-learning on the part of the student.
• Through this method, the student learns the reason for himself. The teacher is not even required to guide, help, or encourage the student.
• This method helps in the development of a scientific attitude in the learner.
• It develops self-confidence, originality, independence of judgment, and thinking power in the learner to make him an ever successful student. 
• While using this method, the teacher should present every lesson to learners in the form of an inquiry.
• Learners are asked to identify the problem and work as independent enquirers.
• They can discuss with their peers, teachers, and others before starting their investigations. The teacher may provide them with some written instructions like what should be followed and what should be avoided.
• Learners are asked to keep the record of each and every step and show it to teachers after finishing their investigation.
• Despite the fact that this method allows the learner to become an active participant in the learning process, it creates in the learner a spirit of inquiry. It makes the learner self-reliant, allows the learner to acquire a real understanding and clear notion of the subject.
• It has limitations for its use in primary classes because of classes being of large size. resources being poor and teacher competitive being not satisfactory. Also, the mental ability of a student may not develop to go with this approach.

Hence, we conclude that the heuristic teaching method is not useful at the primary level of education.

Diagnostic evaluation has a placement function and so takes place before instruction. It is used to determine underlying causes of learning difficulties. Diagnostic evaluation may include administration of standardised achievement tests, standardised diagnostic tests, teacher-made tests, observation and checklists. Scoring and interpretation can be normative (based on norms) or criterion-referenced. Results are usually shown as an individual profile of sub-skills.

The first socialization of a child is facilitated by observation.

• It takes place in the initial years of an individual's first socialization. Early socialization is influenced by family.
• Many good habits are consciously taught to the child, but many others are picked up by the child by observing his parents.

The OECD designates the United States as the leading aid provider in 2022, based on data from ForeignAssistance.gov, an official US government platform, providing insights into US aid patterns and destinations from 2001 to 2023. Between 2001 and 2023, the US allocated $677 billion in aid to 213 nations, with Afghanistan, Israel, and Iraq topping the list of recipients in the last two decades.

Sharfuddoula has made history by becoming the first Bangladeshi umpire appointed to the ICC Elite Panel of Umpires. His selection was part of the ICC's annual review and selection process, marking a significant milestone in Bangladeshi cricket umpiring.

Mitochondria

• Kolliker first observed mitochondria.
• Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration.
• Most of the oxidative metabolism and ATP production takes place in mitochondria.
• Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of the cell.
• Their organic compounds are broken down to release and store metabolic energy in the form of ATP molecules.

Chromoplast

• Plastids are found in all plant cells and in euglenoids.
• Based on the type of pigments plastids can be classified into chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts.
• The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments which are responsible for trapping light energy essential for photosynthesis.
• Chlorophyll is the photosynthesis pigment.

Lysosome

• Lysosomes are membrane-bound structures.
• It is formed by the process of packaging in the Golgi apparatus.
• These enzymes are capable of digesting carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
• Lysosome containing undigested material and eliminated.
• Lysosomes dispose of waste of the cell.

Golgi body 

• Golgi complex is made up of four parts - Cisternae, Tubules, Golgian vacuoles, and vesicles.
• The Golgi body gets the materials from E.R. through its cis-face.
• The materials are modified by the Golgi body.
• After modification, the materials are packed in vesicles.
• These vesicles are pinched off from the trans face of the Golgi body.

Therefore the correct option is  (a - ii, b - iv, c - i, d - iii).

The correct answer is option 2, i.e. Penicillin.

• Alexander Fleming was a Scottish microbiologist, physician, and pharmacologist who discovered the first antibiotic substance, Penicillin G from Penicillium notatum in 1928.
  • For this discovery, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 along with Ernst Boris Chain and Howard Florey.
• The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke.
• Nucleus was discovered by Ernest Rutherford.
• DNA structure was discovered by Watson and Crick.

Given:

Distance travelled by the object in 4 sec = 24 m

Distance travelled by the object in 2 sec = 15 m

Formula used:

Distance = Speed × time

Average speed = Total distance/Total time

Calculation:

Total distance travelled by the object = 24 + 15 = 39 m

Total time taken = 4 + 2 = 6 sec

Average speed = 39/6 

⇒ 6.5 m/s

∴ The average speed of the object is 6.5 m/s.

The correct answer is F5.

Key Points 

• F5 is used to Start a presentation from the beginning.
• We can quickly see how your slide show looks on full screen.

• To begin the slideshow from the current slide, press Shift+F5.

Additional Information

Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories System (FIACS)

• This (FIACS) technique was developed by Dr. Ned A. Flander.
• It is an observation technique that records classroom interaction in ten categories.
• This system measures only the verbal behavior of teachers.
• Interaction analysis is primarily concerned with analyzing the influence patterns of the teacher and distinguishes those acts of the teacher which increases pupils' freedom of action from those acts that decrease it.

Description of Categories:

In the Flanders ten category system, all the events that occur in the classroom are classified into three major sections:

1. Teacher-talk,
2. Student-talk,
3. Silence or confusion.

These sections are subdivided in order to make the total pattern of teacher-pupil interaction more meaningful.

1) Teacher talk is divided into two sub-heads viz., indirect influence, and direct influence.

1. Indirect influence consists of four observation categories :
   1. accepting feeling;
   2. praising or encouraging;
   3. accepting ideas, and
   4. asking questions.
2. Direct influence is divided into three categories;
   1. lecturing
   2. giving directions,
   3. criticizing or justifying authority.

2) Student talk consists of only two categories;

1. responding to teacher, and
2. initiating talk, and

3) the last category which is silence or confusion used to handle anything else that is not the teacher or student talk.

Hence,In Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC)

• Acceptance of feelings
• Praising or encouraging
• Using student ideas in his/her talk by the teacher

These are related to Indirect Teacher Talk (ITT)

It is well known that the quality and extent of learner achievement are determined primarily by teacher competence, sensitivity, and teacher motivation. The National Council for Teacher Education has defined teacher education as A programme of education, research, and training of persons to teach from preprimary to higher education level.

Key Points

• Training for the teachers is also important for them to have effective class management skills.
• Training sessions are needed to help the teachers learn or create new teaching strategies which will bring back the interest of their students in the classrooms and encourage learning.

Important Points
Child psychology:-The study of the psychological processes of children and, specifically, how these processes differ from those of adults, how they develop from birth to the end of adolescence, and how and why they differ from one child to the next.

• A teacher should have the knowledge of child psychology as it helps him/her to discover the inter-relations of different lines of study and in organizing and systematizing his/her own mental life.
• It also helps the teacher in guiding the process of bringing together the subject of study and the subject (students) who study.

​Hint

• Practical psychology is a part of the medical curriculum
• History of psychology is relevant to students learning Psychology.

Thus, it is concluded that Child Psychology should be a compulsory part of teachers' training program as it is very important for the teachers to learn about the child.

RTE 2009 (The Right of Children Free and Compulsory Education Act or The Right to Education Act): The government on August 4, 2009, enacted RTE which gave provision to offer free education to children from 6 to 14 years. While children with special abilities were offered free eduction from 6 to 18 years.

The government envisaged the pupil-teacher ratio (PTR) for various classes for different class

From class I to V

• Two teachers for up to sixty admitted children
• Three teachers for 61-90 children
• Four teachers for 91-120 children
• Five teachers for 121-200 children
• One headteacher, other than the five teachers, if the number of admitted children exceeds 150 and the PTR (excluding Head Teacher) shall not exceed forty if the number of admitted children is above 200.

Hence, it is concluded that for classes first to fifth, if there are between 61 to 90 students admitted in a class, then three teachers are required according to the Right to Education Act, 2009.

Motivation is defined as the willingness or a reason to do something or to reach a goal. It is of two types: Extrinsic (comes from external factor) and Intrinsic (comes from inside). A teacher encourages her students by supporting them in setting individual goals by following:

• Children try to get mastery in their skill.
• Give freedom
• Let them work on projects that interest them

Hence, we conclude thata teacher encourages her students to be intrinsically motivated towards learning for the sake of learning by supporting them in setting individual goals and their mastery