Super TET Mock Test - 3 - Super TET MCQ

सही उत्तर 'लोक + एषण = लोकएषणा' है।

• दिए गए विकल्पों में असुमेलित 'लोक + एषण = लोकएषणा' है।
• 'लोक + एषणा' का सही सुमेल 'लोकैषणा (अ + ए = ऐ)' होता है।
• यह 'वृद्धि स्वर संधि' का उदाहरण है।
• इसमें अ या आ के बाद ए या ऐ आए तो ‘ऐ’ और ओ और औ आए तो औ हो जाता हो।

अन्य विकल्प-

• मातृ + इच्छा = मात्रिच्छा - यण स्वर संधि
• लघु + उत्तर = लघूत्तर - दीर्घ स्वर संधि
• सु + समा = सुषमा - व्यंजन स्वर संधि

Additional Information

‘निश्चल’ व्यंजन संधि से निर्मित शब्द नहीं है, इसमें विसर्ग संधि है। इसका संधि-विच्छेद ‘निः + चल = निश्चल’ होता है। विसर्ग के बाद तालव्य व्यंजन च, छ आए तो विसर्ग तालव्य श् में, ट, ठ आए तो विसर्ग मूर्धन्य व में तथा दन्त्य व्यंजन त, द आए तो विसर्ग दन्त्य स में बदल जाता है। शेष सभी में व्यंजन संधि हैं, जिनके संधि-विच्छेद निम्न प्रकार हैं-

सत् + चिदानन्द = सच्चिदानन्द (त् + च = च्च)

तत् + लीन = तल्लीन (त् + ल = ल्ल)

सम् + तोष = सन्तोष (म् + त = न्त)

The correct option is Option 1, i.e., ‘approve’.
The word ‘ratify' means ‘to approve and sanction formally’. The word closest in meaning, from the given options is ‘approve’, which has an equivalent meaning. Hence, the correct option is Option 1.

Rumble means a heavy sound that reverberates. Roar is the only option that is quite similar in meaning. Thus, option 4 is correct.
Example- The roar of the ocean could be heard before the cyclone struck.

स्पष्टीकरण -

• सेवन्ते रूप सेव् धातु का रूप है। यह पद लट्लकार के प्रथमपुरुष-बहुवचन में बनता है।

‘सेव्' (सेवा करना) आत्मनेपदी धातु का लट्लकार के विविध पुरुषों और वचनों में रूप निम्नलिखित प्रकार से है-

अतः स्पष्ट है कि ‘सेव्' आत्मनेपदी धातु से लट् लकार प्रथमपुरुष-बहुवचन में 'सेवन्ते' रूप बनता है।

स्पष्टीकरण -

• ञ्, म्, ङ्, ण्, न् - ये पाँचों वर्ण संस्कृत वर्णमाला के वर्ण हैं। ये सभी वर्ण पाँच वर्गों के पंचम वर्ण/अक्षर हैं। प्रत्येक वर्ग में पाँच वर्ण/अक्षर है। कुल 25 वर्ण है। पाँचों वर्ग निम्नलिखित हैं-

वर्ग के पंचम वर्ण को अनुनासिक व्यंजन कहा जाता है, क्योंकि इनका उच्चारण नासिका (नाक) द्वारा होता है।

अतः यहाँ अनुनासिक सही उत्तर है।

Additional Information

• उच्चारण स्थान - मुख के जिस भाग से वर्ण का उच्चारण किया जाता है, उस स्थान को उच्चारण स्थान कहते हैं।

निम्नलिखित तालिका के द्वारा विभिन्न वर्णों के उच्चारण स्थान को प्रदर्शित किया गया है। जिसके नाम से इन वर्णों को जाना जाता है।

Among the following elements Krypton has the lowest melting point.

Mathematics is a subject matter of complex abstractions and mainly deals with patterns, shapes, sizes, figures, and data analysis. It is based on practical usability in all aspects of life.

• The concepts for which the proof or verification is done by experimentation or activities are better understood by learners and are retained in their brains for a longer period of time. 

Visual-spatial skills provide the child with the ability to visually perceive two or more objects in relation to each other.

None of the provided sites are Palaeolithic. The classifications of these sites are as follows:

• Inamgaon: This is a Neolithic site.
• Hallur: Primarily known for its Neolithic and Iron Age findings.
• Nagarjunakonda: This is a historical Buddhist site.
• Burzahom: A Neolithic site located in the Kashmir Valley.

Mrs. Shalini is using a black board. A black board is a visual aid, thus Mrs.Shalini is using a visual aid. Visual aids, like the black board, are important teaching aids which can facilitate learning. The black board is the most basic and important visual aid for a classroom. Visual aids are visual communication of ideas and apart from black boards, other visual aids include PPTs, flip charts etc.

A visually challenged child is the one who has a problem seeing with the naked eyes or is not able to see completely.

Instruction adaptations that a teacher can follow while working with students who are ‘visually challenged’ are:

• Should speak clearly and audibly to help them learn through listening or auditory learning
• Use a lot of touches and feel materials.
• Make use of material adaptations according to the individual needs, the actual degree of functional vision, presence of any other disabilities
• Using a variety of tactile materials like rough or smooth, cold or hot, wet or dry, vibrate or stationary helps the students to touch, feel, and understand the differences between the materials

So, we can conclude that a teacher should speak clearly and use a lot of touches and feel materials while working with students who are ‘Visually Challenged’.

Erikson’s theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. He felt the course of development is determined by the interaction of the body (genetic biological programming), mind (psychological), and cultural (ethos) influences. the psychosocial theory basically asserts that people experience eight ‘psychosocial crisis stages’ which significantly affect each person’s development and personality. Each crisis stage relates to a corresponding life stage and its inherent challenges. Erikson used the words ‘syntonic’ for the first listed ‘positive’ disposition in each crisis (example trust) and ‘dystonic’ for the second listed ‘negative’ disposition (example, Mistrust).

The easiest connection that a student is able to make while reading any text is the text-to-world connection. The student is able to relate all that is being taught in language lessons to the day to day life.

• Like for example, in social science classes, students read about the formation of the government, and they are able to relate to the National Election of India that happened in 2014.
• Authentic materials and texts are a good resource to build the skill of 'making text-to-world connections' as authentic materials refer to any text, audio, video, or object developed or written in natural language and contexts.
  
• Authentic materials are mostly drawn from periodicals that are constantly being updated. These materials relate more closely to learners' needs and provide them with a source of relevant materials for learning.
  

So, it is clear that authentic materials and texts are a good resource to build the skill of 'making text-to-world connections'.

The Directive Principles are listed in  Part IV of the Indian Constitution and it clearly states that it is the duty of the State to apply these principles in the process of law-making.

• There are mainly three categories of these principles – Socialist Directives, Gandhian Directives, and Liberal Intellectual Directives.

Important Points

• DPSP – Gandhian Principles
  • These principles are based on the Gandhian ideology used to represent the program of reconstruction enunciated by Gandhi during the national movement. Under various articles, they direct the state to:
  • Article 40 Organise village panchayats and endow them with necessary powers and authority to enable them to function as units of self-government
  • Article 43 Promote cottage industries on an individual or co-operation basis in rural areas
  • Article 43B Promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control, and professional management of cooperative societies
  • Article 46 Promote the educational and economic interests of SCs, STs, and other weaker sections of the society and protect them from social injustice and exploitation
  • Article 47 Prohibit the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs which are injurious to health.
  • Article 48 Prohibit the slaughter of cows, calves, and other milch and draught cattle and improve their breeds.

• DPSP – Socialistic Principles
  • They are the principles that aim at providing social and economic justice and set the path towards the welfare state.
  • Article 38 Promote the welfare of the people by securing a social order through justice—social, economic and political and to minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities.
  • Article 39 Secure citizens: Right to adequate means of livelihood for all citizens
  • Article 39A Promote equal justice and free legal aid to the poor
  • Article 41 In cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, secure citizens: Right to work, Right to education, Right to public assistance.
  • Article 42 Make provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
  • Article 43 Secure a living wage, a decent standard of living and social and cultural opportunities for all workers.
  • Article 43A Take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries.
  • Article 47 Raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living of people and to improve public health.
• DPSP – Liberal-Intellectual Principles
  • Article 44 Secure for all citizens a uniform civil code throughout the country
  • Article 45 Provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years
  • Article 48 Organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines
  • Article 48A To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife
  • Article 49 Protect monuments, places and objects of artistic or historic interest which are declared to be of national importance
  • Article 50 Separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State
  • Article 51 Promote international peace and security and maintain just and honourable relations between nations

Thus, we can say that Freedom of Business and Religion is not a Directive Principle.

Tarun Bajaj, the former Revenue Secretary and Secretary of Economic Affairs to the Government of India, has been appointed as the chairman of the US-India Tax Forum by USISPF, showcasing his expertise in economic matters and international relations.

Union Ministry of Education inaugurated the logo, slogan – “Jan Jan Sakshar,” and the mobile application for ULLAS: Nav Bharat Saksharta Karyakram.
The ULLAS initiative aims to transform education and literacy nationwide by creating a learning ecosystem that provides basic education, digital and financial literacy, and critical life skills to individuals aged 15 and above who missed the chance to attend school.

Herodotus is known as the "Father of History" because he was the first historian to systematically collect and record historical events. He travelled extensively throughout the Mediterranean region, interviewing people from all walks of life to learn about their history and culture. His magnum opus, the Histories, is a comprehensive account of the Greco-Persian Wars and the history of the surrounding region.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to launch the European Space Agency's (ESA) Solar Study Mission Proba-3, highlighting ISRO's role as a key player in international space collaborations and missions.

India has three distinct crop seasons in the northern and interior parts of the country, namely Kharif, Rabi, and Zaid.

Important Points

Lets' look at the cropping season of India:

• The Kharif season (June-September) largely coincides with Southwest Monsoon under which the cultivation of tropical crops are possible.
  • Major Crops- Rice, Cotton, Jute, Jowar, Bajra, and Tur.
• The Rabi season (October-March) has low-temperature conditions which help in the cultivation of temperate and subtropical crops.
  • Major Crops- Wheat, Gram, and Mustard.
• The Zaid season (April-June) is a short duration summer cropping season beginning after harvesting Rabi crops.
  • Major Crops- Watermelons, Cucumbers, Vegetables, and Fodder Crops.

From the above, we can conclude that Wheat is not a Kharif crop as it is grown in the Rabi season.

The Supreme Court of India and the Supreme Court of Singapore signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on judicial cooperation on Thursday, September 8, 2023. The MoU was signed by Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud and Chief Justice of Singapore Sundaresh Menon during Chief Justice Chandrachud's official visit to Singapore.

The correct answer is option 4, i.e. Ocean, snow and rain, underground water.

• Water resources available on earth are :
  • Freshwater: Glaciers, ice caps, and snow
  • Groundwater
  • Oceans, seas, streams, rivers, lakes, ponds
  • Wetlands- lagoons, swamps, and marshes
  • Precipitation- Rain, snow, and dew

Hence, from the above points, we can clearly infer that the resources of water on the earth are ocean, snow and rain, underground water.

Hence. the person will be allowed to appear in the interview.

The teaching method is a way to put theory into practice with the help of principles, pedagogy, and management strategies. It helps the teachers toplan and present the lesson coherently.

Key Points

The brainstorming methodis developed by Alex F. Osborn.It is the oldest and best-knowntechnique for stimulating creative thinking.It is the most fruitful exercise to solve complex and critical problems.

• It is focused on the development of creative minds in which learners work togetherand apply theirdiverse thinking patternsto achieve the same learninggoals. Ideas are generated spontaneously by the learners.
• It is a teaching-learningprocessin which the student is the active role player. The teacher gives one problem or topic to the entire class and allots time.
• Within the given time, the student must create ideas. The role of the teacher in this method is just to consider all the ideas and arise conclusions based on the healthy discussion.

Important Points 
Characteristics of Brainstorming Process:

• Quantity is more important than quality as in each time span, how many questions are prepared by the childbased on the topic is considered.
• Associating different ideas to come up with a new oneas in this process thought arising in the mind of the learner is noted down for a further discussion and use.
• Generation of unusual ideas just demands the active participation of the child in the learning process by making them think and note the ideas in their own style.

Hence, it could be concluded that the brainstorming method is focused on the development of creative minds.

Additional Information

• A demonstration is an approach in which a teacherdemonstrates concepts and students learn by observing and improving understanding through visual analysis.
• The observation method isa method in which students are engaged in observing and collecting data/relevant observation.
• The project method is amethodthat emphasizes the voluntary participation of students by working in a groupto complete a specific project.

Education Philosophies:

• The word philosophy comes from a combination of two Greek words- “Philos” meaning “love” and “Sophi” meaning “wisdom.” Etymologically, philosophy means the love of wisdom. To love something is to desire it.Thus philosophy gives a man that wisdom with the help of which they understand the whole universe and its implication in relation to themselves & the people around.
• Educational practices and planning in all parts of the world are influenced by theories and philosophies of education and values the state and society desire to promote through education.
• The philosopher is thoughtful, remains in a thoughtful mood, being in search of new ideas, new knowledge with the help of his growing wisdom.
• Philosophers are interested in the first principle and the final conclusion of all branches of knowledge.
• Philosophers come under the different philosophical school of thought such as idealist, naturalist, pragmatist, existentialist, perennialist, realist, essentialist, progressivist, etc. according to their approach to answer the philosophical enquire.

Naturalism:

• The naturalistic philosophy of education is as old as the idealistic philosophy of education as it lays emphasis upon nature in every field of education.
• The naturalistic philosophers of education derive the aims and ideals, the means the methods of teaching, and the principles of curriculum and school management from nature.
• Rousseau and Herbert Spencer contributed a lot to the field of philosophy of education. Their main emphasis was on the methodology and educational setting based on naturalism.
• According to Rousseau, education depends on the role of three teachers in co-operation with one another are Nature, Man, and Things.
• According to Rousseau, the role of nature in the education of a child is an outcome of his concept of nature, which is enjoyable, living, harmoniously balanced, useful, sympathetic, and unexpressive methods of education for child development Observation of nature, therefore, becomes an essential factor in
  education.

Idealism:

• The idealists believe that the soul is immortal, the world of ideas is the real world and this world of ideas is not the world of senses.The mindpossesses the important power of thought.
• In the West, Plato, for the first time introduced the philosophy of education based on the philosophy of idealism.
• Plato and Aristotle were basically concerned with the epistemological and teleological questions such as “how is teaching possible?” or “what is education for?”
• Plato insisted that true knowledge must be elicited from within and sought for in ideas and not in particulars of senses. Production of the right type of citizen (who is socially, economically, intellectually, and politically useful and fit) is the aim of education.

Pragmatism:

• In pragmatism, no importance is attached to the impracticable and to things which can not fulfill some purpose.
• The pragmatic philosophers of education give attention to practical and useful things. Practical and useful does not simply mean theoretical, but induces to do useful and practical work.
• The education based on this ideology makes the child worthy and independent of society.
• Pragmatic philosophers of education consider the aim, nature; organization and order of education should be such that it may do maximum good of man.
• John Dewey argued that the mind-body (spirit-matter) dualism of classical philosophy is responsible for the unnatural cleavages in society and education such as labor-leisure, practical-intellectual, man-nature, culture-vocation, subject matter- method, ends-means, and others.

​Hence, Rousseau⇒ Naturalism; Plato⇒ Idealism; Dewey⇒ Pragmatism, these are the correct match and Plato⇒ Naturalism is an incorrect match.

Educational psychology involves the study of how people learn, including teaching methods, instructional processes, and individual differences in learning.

Key Points

The greatest contribution of Psychology to education is 'Subject oriented Education'.

• Thechild is at the centre of education which means focusing on the needs of the students, rather than those of others involved in the educational process, such as teachers and administrators.

• Child Psychology involves listening to and observing children understand their behaviours.

• This helps gain an understanding of the learning patterns,likes and dislikes of the child.
• It helps in understanding what is thebest way to deal with a childand working with them to enable better learning and growth.
• It deals with the mind and behaviour of the children.
• It focuses and the behaviours of the children to ensure that they get the best experience while learning and developing.

• ​Thus, from the above-mentioned points, it can be concluded thatthe child has a central place in education according to child psychology.

Hence, it can be concluded that the greatest contribution of psychology to education is child-orientededucation.