Super TET Mock Test - 5 - Super TET MCQ

• 'निर्झर - निर्जर' शब्द युग्म का सही अर्थ - 'झरना - देवता' l
  • निर्झर - निर्जर यह दोनों 'श्रुतिसम भिन्नार्थक' शब्दों के उदाहरण है l
• निर्झर का अर्थ:- झरना l
• निर्जर का अर्थ:- देवता l
  • अन्य विकल्प 'निर्झर - निर्जर' शब्दों का सही अर्थ ना बताने के कारण गलत उत्तर है l

Additional Information

• ऐसे शब्द जो पढ़ने और सुनने में लगभग एक-से लगते हैं, परंतु अर्थ की दृष्टि से भिन्न्न होते हैं, श्रुतिसम भिन्नार्थक शब्द कहलाते हैं।

श्रुतिसम भिन्नार्थक शब्द के उदाहरण :-

• अलि - भौंरा - फूलों पर बहुत-से अलि मँडरा रहे है।
• अली - सखी - राधा की एक अली का नाम शांता था।
• नीर - पानी - भाषा बहता हुआ नीर होती है।
• नीड़ - घोंसला - रात में पंछी अपने-अपने नीड़ों में विश्राम करते हैं।

• रद का अर्थ : दांत।
• रद्द का अर्थ : ख़राब।

अन्य महत्वपूर्ण शब्द युग्म

Additional Information

दिए गए विकल्पों मेन उचित उत्तर विकल्प 4 ‘नवीन, नूतन’ है। अन्य विकल्प इसके अनुचित हैं।
Key Points

• ‘नव’ का अनेकार्थी शब्द समूह ‘नवीन, नूतन’ है। इसके अन्य शब्द- नया, नौ हैं।
• वाक्य- दुःख नव युग का निर्माण है।

अन्य विकल्प:

Important Points

शुद्ध शब्द है - 'सौहार्द'

• सौहार्द - मैत्री, मित्रता, दोस्ती

Mistake Points

• 'निरोग' की शुद्ध वर्तनी 'नीरोग' होगी।
  • 'नीरोग' का अर्थ है 'रोग रहित या स्वस्थ'।
• 'अम्न' की शुद्ध वर्तनी 'अमन' होगी।
  • 'अमन' का अर्थ है 'शांति-सुकून की स्थिति'।
• 'पुनरावलोकन' की शुद्ध वर्तनी 'पुनरवलोकन' होगी।
  • पुनरवलोकन का अर्थ है 'किसी किए हुए कार्य को फिर से देखना या करना'।

Key Points

• किसी शब्द में आये हुए अक्षरों को मात्राओं सहित कहने या लिखने की रीति को वर्तनी कहते हैं।
• वर्तनी का सीधा सम्बन्ध उच्चारण से होता है।
• यदि उच्चारण शुद्ध होगा तो वर्तनी शुद्ध होगी और यदि उच्चारण अशुद्ध होगा तो वर्तनी भी अशुद्ध होगी।

Additional Information कुछ अशुद्ध से शुद्ध शब्द:-

• अशुद्ध - शुद्ध
• परिशिष्ठ - परिशिष्ट
• न्यौछावर - न्योछावर
• दुरपयोग - दुरुपयोग
• तुष्टिकरण - तुष्टीकरण
• ज्योत्सना - ज्योत्स्ना
• ग्रहकार्य - गृहकार्य

The sentence shows a prediction that India will hold talks with Afghanistan in the future on militancy. It depicts a simple future form in nature. Thus, as it is already in the said simple future tense, no further improvement is required.
Hence option 4 is correct.

'अकुहविसर्जनीयानां कण्ठः' इस सूत्र के अनुसार 'ह्' इस उष्म व्यञ्जन का उच्चारण स्थान ‘कण्ठ्य’ होता है।

Hint

Additional Information

इसके अतिरिक्त अरबी फारसी में प्रयुक्त 'क़, ख़, ग़‌' वर्णों को जिह्वामूलीय कहा जाता है।

अतः, उपर्युक्त पंक्तियों से स्पष्ट है कि ‘झ्' का उच्चारण स्थान 'तालु' है।

प्रस्तुत वाक्य में 'कवियों में' इस भाग से अधिकरण करक का बोध होता है तथा यह बहुवचन होने से 'कविषु'​ यह रूप होगा।

अतः उचित संकृत अनुवाद 'कविषु कालिदासः श्रेष्ठः' होता है।

Important Points

'यतश्च निर्धारणम्' सूत्रानुसार जाति, गुण, क्रिया आदि संज्ञाओं के द्वारा समुदाय से एक के पृथक्करण का निर्धारण होने पर षष्ठी या सप्तमी विभक्ति होती है।

यथा -

• नृणां ब्राह्मणः श्रेष्ठः। अथवा नृषु ब्राह्मणः श्रेष्ठः।
• गवां कृष्णा बहुक्षीरा। अथवा गोषु कृष्णा बहुक्षीरा।
• कवीनां कालिदासः श्रेष्ठः। अथवा कविषु कालिदासः श्रेष्ठः।

यहाँ कवियों में बहुवचन है अतः कवीनां कालिदासः श्रेष्ठः। अथवा कविषु कालिदासः श्रेष्ठः। होना चाहिए, क्योंकि विकल्प में केवल 'कविषु कालिदासः श्रेष्ठः' अतः यही होगा।

पाणिनी ने ‘हल्’ प्रत्याहार के अन्तर्गत संस्कृत व्यञ्जनों की गणना की है। जिसके अन्तर्गत दस माहेश्वर सूत्र आते हैं-

१. हयवरट्। २. लण्। ३. ञमङणनम्। ४. झभञ्। ५. घढधष्। ६. जबगडदश्। ७. खफछठथचटतव्। ८. कपय्। ९. शषसर्। १०. हल्।

Important Points

`शल उष्माणः' सूत्र के अनुसार 'शल्' प्रत्याहार के अन्तर्गत आने वाले 'श्, ष्, स्, ह्' यह चार उष्म व्यञ्जन होते हैं।

Hint

कुछ प्रमुख प्रत्याहार

• इक्- इ, उ, ऋ, लृ
• यण्- य्, व्, र्, ल्
• अक्- अ, इ, उ, ऋ, लृ
• अच्- सभी स्वर वर्ण- अ, इ, उ, ऋ, लृ, ए, ओ, ऐ, औ
• एच्- ए, ओ, ऐ, औ
• हल्- सभी व्यञ्जन वर्ण आते हैं।
• हश्- वर्गों के तृतीय, चतुर्थ, पञ्चम वर्ण तथा य्, व्, र्, ल् आते हैं।
• जश्- वर्गों के तृतीय वर्ण - ज्, ब्, ग्, ड, द्।
• शल्- श्, ष्, स्, ह्

Additional Information

संस्कृत वर्णमाला में भी अन्य भाषायिक वर्णमालाओं के समान अनेक विध् वर्ण है-

१. स्वर वर्ण (अच्):- जिनको बोलने के लिए किन्ही अन्य ध्वनियों की आवश्यक्ता नहीं होती उन्हें स्वर वर्ण कहते हैं। ये तीन प्रकार के होते हैं-

२. व्यञ्जन (हल्) वर्ण:- जिनके उच्चारण में स्वर वर्णों की आवश्यकता होती है। ये तीन प्रकार के होते हैं-

३. इसके अतिरिक्त अयोगवाह और यम वर्ण भी पाणिनी के द्वारा उल्लिखित हैं-

​Neoprene is a family of synthetic rubbers that are produced by polymerization of chloroprene. Neoprene exhibits good chemical stability and maintains flexibility over a wide temperature range. 

​Activated Charcoal is used to remove colouring matter from pure substances by adsorption. 

Use option elimination here.
(1) = 12/3 = 4
2) 3.337 is equivalent to 3.34 but not equal to 3.34.
Hence, (2) is the correct choice for the question.
3) Area of square of side 10 cm = 10² = 100 cm²
Area of rectangle = 12.5 * 8 = 100 cm²
So, areas are equal.
4) 3348 m = 3 km 348 m

Trading is not a primary economic activity.
The primary sector of the economy is the sector of an economy making direct use of natural resources. This includes agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining. In contrast, the secondary sector produces manufactured goods, and the tertiary sector produces services.

Conducting surveys by students will provide them with primary information, which will be unbiased. Hence, they will understand the role of various issues from their own first-hand experience.

Diagnostic testing is used to locate and identify the areas of learning difficulties.

The student is already upset over writing a term paper. But the three approaches mentioned involve writing on a paper first, which is exactly what the student is not able to do or is upset to do. Here, the student can read the paper first to find out information that is required by her and then write down as per the assignment.

All the three sentences are correct. Teaching aids, when used moderately, enhance teaching efficiency. Use of teaching aids fosters motivation and they also emphasise learning by doing. Teaching aids are a means of enhancing learning without boredom and keeping the students engaged. So, they are a very important teaching tool.

A child with Learning Disability has a right to study in the regular school where there are special provisions for him.

Learning disability is a syndrome found in children of normal or above intelligence characterized by specific difficulties in learning to read (dyslexia), to write (dysgraphia), and to do grade-appropriate mathematics (dyscalculia).

Understanding the learning process is one of the most important areas of study in educational psychology. The process of learning continues throughout life. There are various learning processes through which we acquire beliefs, attitudes, and skills.

• In the context of the process of learning, the above-mentioned strategy helps in the development of cognitive skills.
• If the student describes the process of every mathematical problem, his mind gets trained and it helps to achieve a new developmental skill by practicing it.
• The students came to know the process of doing something. It leads to both conceptual and procedural knowledge in the mind of students rather than rote memorization.

So, it is clear that in the context of the process of learning, the above-mentioned strategy helps in the development of cognitive skills.

Primary sources: These are the evidence of history, original records created by participants or observers at the time historical events occurred or even well after events, as in memoirs and oral histories. Primary resources are considered to be one of the best data sources for any event or series of events.

In this question, the focus is on the use of Primary Sources. The resources mentioned in  B and C are examples of primary sources

• Records of speech are evidence of the first-hand experiences of the real event that took place in the colonial era, hence it is a primary source. So we would choose it to find out about the East India Company.
• An article in a history journal was written by the spectators that were present on the site during the event, in this case during the transformation period of the British colonial era. Hence it is one of the best resources to be used to find out about a historical event.

Lev Vygotsky referred to the difference between what a child can do on his own and what can be accomplished with some assistance as zone of proximal development.

The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) was a key construct in Lev Vygotsky's theory of learning and development. The Zone of Proximal Development is defined as the space between what a learner can do without assistance and what a learner can do with adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers.

The correct answer is the Right to freedom of speech and expression.

• Article 19 of the Indian Constitution includes the Right to freedom of speech and expression.

Key Points

• Article 19 deals with the six Fundamental Rights. They are:
  • Right to freedom of speech and expression.
  • Right to assemble peacefully and without arms.
  • Right to form association or unions or co-operatives.
  • Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.
  • Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.
  • Right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
• Fundamental Rights:
  • The Fundamental Rights have been described in Articles 12-35, Part III of the Indian Constitution.
  • The Right to Property (Article 31) was deleted from the list of Fundamental Rights.
    • By the 44th Amendment Act, 1978, it is made a normal constitutional right under Act 300A in Part XII of the Constitution

Additional Information

• Right to Constitutional Remedies is enumerated in Articles 32-35.
• Right against exploitation is enumerated in Articles 23 and 24.
• The right to freedom of Religion is enumerated in Articles 25-28.
• Fundamental Rights that are available to citizens only and not to foreigners: Article 15,16, 19, 29 and 30.

Key Points

Monsoon in India:

• The southwest monsoon sets in over the Kerala coast by 1st June and moves swiftly to reach Mumbai and Kolkata between 10th and 13th June.
• By mid-July, southwest monsoon engulfs the entire subcontinent
• During April and May when the sun shines vertically over the Tropic of Cancer, the large landmass in the north of the Indian ocean gets intensely heated.
• This causes the formation of intense low pressure in the northwestern part of the subcontinent.
• Since the pressure in the Indian Ocean in the south of the landmass is high as the water gets heated slowly, the low-pressure cell attracts the southeast trades across the Equator.
• These conditions help in the northward shift in the position of the ITCZ.
• The southwest monsoon may thus, be seen as a continuation of the southeast trades deflected towards the Indian subcontinent after crossing the Equator.
• These winds cross the Equator between 40°E and 60°E longitudes.
• The shift in the position of the ITCZ is also related to the phenomenon of the withdrawal of the westerly jet stream from its position over the north Indian plain, south of the Himalayas.
• The easterly jet stream sets in along 15°N latitude only after the western jet stream has withdrawn itself from the region.
• This easterly jet stream is held responsible for the burst of the monsoon in India.

Hence, the Mansoon arrives in India approximately in early June.

The Uttarakhand government plans to introduce the Uttarakhand Public and Private Property Damage Recovery Bill in the upcoming budget session. This legislation aims to hold rioters financially responsible for damages to both government and private property during protests or strikes. If enacted, Uttarakhand would be the third state, following Uttar Pradesh and Haryana, to implement such a law. The initiative aligns with the government’s agenda to uphold law and order and safeguard public and private assets from unlawful destruction.

Bangladesh has the highest dengue death rate in the world, with over 1,000 deaths in 2023. This is a significant increase from the previous year when there were only around 500,000 cases and 200 deaths.

Concept:

• Plants have different types of roots.
• Some store food, some breathe some hang from the branches.

Explanation:

• Roots are the underground structures that help in the absorption of water and minerals provide a proper anchorage to the plant parts, storage of reserve food material (Carrot, Radish), and synthesis of PGR (plant growth regulators).
• Sometimes roots get modified to perform different functions like storage of food, respiration, climbing, etc.
• These types of roots are called modified roots.
• Examples - prop root of the Banyan tree for providing support, Pneumatophores of Rhizophora, and Mangrove plants for respiration.

So, these statements are correct.

• To give support to the plant.
• To store food.
• To absorb water and minerals.

Thus, roots do not function to provide humus.

Indian and Sri Lankan coast guard ships recently joined the Maldives for Exercise Dosti 16, a trilateral coast guard exercise held every two years since 1991. Sri Lanka joined in 2012, and the 16th edition involves the Coast Guards of India, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives, with observers from Bangladesh. The exercise focuses on mutual operational capability, interoperability, and cooperation in scenarios like sea accidents and pollution. India’s participation includes ICGS Samarth, ICGS Abhinav, and ICG Dornier.

Bacteria are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera. They are the most abundant micro-organisms.
On the basis of origin, bacteria can be divided into two types - Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

Archaebacteria:

• These bacteria are special since they live in some of the harshest habitats such as extreme salty areas (halophiles), hot springs (thermoacidophiles) and marshy areas (methanogens).
• Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a different cell wall structure and this feature is responsible for their survival in extreme conditions.
• For example - Methanogens are present in the gut of several ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes and they are responsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the dung of these animals.

Additional Information

Eubacteria:

• There are thousands of different eubacteria or ‘true bacteria’.
• They are characterised by the presence of a rigid cell wall, and if motile, a flagellum.
• The Eubacteria can be both autotrophic & heterotrophic.

Communication is a natural way in which people exchange ideas, ask for something from someone, and express their feelings. There are various communication systems that help in communicating with each other.

Key Points
Some persons including children are visually impaired. They have very limited vision to see things so they need a special communication systemof reading and writing that uses raised dots on paper, known as Braille.

• This system was first developed and presented by Louis Braille in 1829.
• It is a script that ismainly designed for visually impaired children so that they can read the engraved alphabets on paper by sensing them with their hands.
• Brailler is that device that is used to engrave the letters or to type the braille script.
• With the brailler, the points are engraved in the shape of letters, alphabets, and signs which helps the visually impaired childrento identify the words, numbers, and signs.
• This script mainly uses six types of points or dots to make different letters or words of a language.
• The visually impaired children touch those points and imagine the image or the picture in their minds which helps them to understand the text or symbols.
• It helps the visually impaired children to interpret the context of the text using their cognitive abilities.

Thus, it is concluded thata communication system of reading andwriting that uses raised dots on paper isknown as Braille.

Hint

• Optical character recognition (OCR) technologyoffers blind and visually impaired persons the capacity to Scan printed text and then speak it back in synthetic.
• Manipulatives are physical objects that are used in teaching as a tool that helps students with visual and tactile learning styles.
• Technological aids such as hearing aids are designed to help disabled people.

Reinforcement is simply defined as an effect that increases the probability of a response. It is, therefore, discussed in terms of observable or measurable events. We reward people, we reinforce the behavior.

Types of Reinforcement: In operant conditioning, two kinds of reinforcements havebeen described - positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement.

• Positive reinforcement is the presentation of a stimulus that, when added to a situation, increases the probability of a response to occur. For example, praise, rewards, tokens, etc.
• Negative reinforcement, which is the termination of an unpleasant stimulus (aversive stimulus - such as inconvenient environment, isolation, etc.) that, when taken away from a situation, also increases the probability of a response to occur.
  • For example, a teacher can eliminate that night's homework if kids study hard and accomplish a lot in class. If this happens multiple times, the kids will consistently work harder and be more productive while in the classroom.
• Punishment, on the other hand, is the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus (such as reprimand), that decreases the probability that a response will occur.
  • Another form of punishment attempts to decrease behaviour by taking away a pleasant or reinforcing stimulus.
  • This type of punishment is commonly used by teachers when they remove students from class activities or even the class until students are ready to demonstrate proper behaviour.

Important Points

• Positive and Negative reinforcements seek to increase the probability of a response, whereas punishment aims to suppress a response.

Hence, we can conclude that the types given in the options arethe actual types of reinforcement. So,none of the above is the correct answer.