Super TET Mock Test - 8 - Super TET MCQ

श्री हर्ष' के महाभारत के वनपर्व पर आधारित काव्य 'नैषधीयचरित” है।

• श्री हर्ष 12वीं सदी के संस्कृत के प्रसिद्ध कवि तथा दार्शनिक थे।
• उनमें उच्चकोटि की काव्यात्मक प्रतिभा थी तथा वे अलंकृत शैली के सर्वश्रेष्ठ कवि थे। वे शृंगार के कला पक्ष के कवि थे।
• महान कवि होने के साथ-साथ वे बड़े दार्शनिक भी थे।
• श्री हर्ष का 'नैषधीयचरित्‌' 'बृहत्त्रयी' में बृहत्तम महाकाव्य है।
• परम प्रौढ़ शास्त्रीय वैदुष्य से ओतप्रोत, कविप्रोढ़ोक्तिसिद्ध कल्पना से वैदग्ध्यपूर्ण और अलंकृत काव्यशैली के उत्कृष्टतम महाकाव्य के रूप में 'नैषधीय चरित्‌' का संस्कृत महाकाव्यों में अद्वितीय स्थान है।

Important Points

विकल्पों का स्पष्टीकरण -

‘महाभारत’ के कथानक के अनुसार ‘स्वप्नवासदत्तम्’ का कथानक किसी भी प्रकार महाभारत से सम्बन्धित नहीं है।

उपर्युक्त ग्रन्थों के कथानक इस प्रकार से है-

‘चतुर्विंशतिसाहस्रीसंहिता’ को तोड़कर देखें तो ‘चतुर्विंशति + साहस्री + संहिता’ प्राप्त होता है। जिनके अर्थ इस प्रकार है-

• चतुर्विंशति- चौबीस
• साहस्री- हजार
• संहिता- एक साथ हो।

अर्थात् चौबीस हजार श्लोक जहाँ हो, रामायण में चौबीस हजार श्लोक है, अतःउसे ‘चतुर्विंशतिसाहस्रीसंहिता’ कहेंगे।

Key Points

• विद्वानों में एक और प्रसिद्धी है कि प्रत्येक एक हजार श्लोक के पश्चात् इसमें गायित्री मन्त्र का एक वर्ण आता है।
• रामायण का विभाजन सात काण्डों में हुआ है-

1. बालकाण्ड- 77 सर्ग
2. अयोद्ध्याकाण्ड- 129 सर्ग
3. अरण्यकाण्ड- 75 सर्ग
4. किष्किन्धाकाण्ड- 67 सर्ग
5. सुन्दरकाण्ड- 68 सर्ग
6. लङ्काकाण्ड (युद्धकाण्ड)- 128 सर्ग
7. उत्तरकाण्ड- 111 सर्ग

Additional Information

• महाभारत में एक लाख श्लोक हैं इसलिये इसे ‘शत्साहस्रीसंहिता’ भी कहते हैं।

​Bupropion is used to treat major depressive disorder and to help people stop smoking.

​The main constituent of biogas is methane. Biogas comprises primarily methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) and may have small amounts of H₂S,H₂0 (moisture) . 

​Flat footed camels can walk easily in sandy deserts because presuure on the sand is decreased by increasing the area of the surface in contact. 

Between 5 and 78:
First number = 6
Last number = 72

Hence, Option D is correct.

Procedural fluency is the ability to apply procedures efficiently, accurately, flexibly. It is the ability to build or modify procedures from other procedures. It also recognizes that which strategy or procedure is more appropriate than others. It is the ability to solve particular kinds of problems using more than one approach.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Ability to solve particular kind of problems using more than one approach.'

The teaching methods should be more reliable to the students at this stage. Mostly the teacher teaches the students by using the non-metric units to calculate the mathematics, these are also known as basic mathematical techniques. In this method, the students are used to measure the area or lengths with the help of their palm-size, with the length of the pencil they use or by taking some leaves to measure.

From a psychological point of view, the dominant model of human learning is of the child as an information processor, attempting to derive meaning from experience by subjecting it to several modes of processing like classification or categorisation of new information and relating those to the existing experiences to derive meaning. There are three main features of the human information processing system which have very direct implications for introducing young children to the world of formal mathematics.

• Learning by induction: As human beings, we appear to be very able to engage in the process of induction (inferring general rules or patterns from a range of particular cases), but relatively less well-equipped for deductive reasoning (the opposite process of inferring particular cases from the general rule). Inductive reasoning is the basic process whereby children can easily make sense of their world by classifying and categorising experience into increasingly structured conceptual structures and models.
• Limited ‘working memory’ capacity: While teaching mathematics we usually are not aware that human being has a limited capacity of processing information. For example, Miller has demonstrated from a whole range of evidence that we hold only about seven separate pieces of information in our short-term or ‘working’ memory. We know the procedures we must go through to get the answer to the second sum, and we can carry out each of the separate computations involved. What we cannot do is hold all the information in our head at once. While we are working out one part, the result of the previous computation is very likely to be forgotten. This happens all the time for children with much smaller numbers and less complicated procedures.
• Development of metacognitive awareness and control: The third general feature of the human processing system which we must consider is that it is a system that not only learns but learns how to learn. When one is aware of his/ her ways of thinking or learning, what the American psychologist has termed ‘meta-cognition’, he/she acquires more ability to control over his/her actions and learning.

It should be noted that the questions asks for 'young children', while axioms and postulates are introduced after the secondary stage.
Hence, we conclude that the human information processing system does not have an understanding of axioms and postulates which have very direct implications for introducing young children to the world of formal mathematics.

Calorie is the amount of heat that should be provided to a substance to raise the temperature of one gram of any substance by 1ºC. One calorie is equal to 4.186 joules.

Child who faces difficulties in teaching-learning process is considered as a child with learning disability. Dyscalculic students cannot understand mathematical concepts like number and its relations, operations, symbols, place value etc. Students with visual perceptual or motor disability have problems with remembering places and often forget one's own place. Dyslexic students have problems not only with reading but also with comprehension and understanding and hence, repeatedly ask questions. Hence, (A) is true, but (R) is false.

There are different kinds of tests in fashion to measure the intellectual level of learners and 'teacher-made tests' and 'standardized tests' are two of them.

Key Points

The chief point of discussion between teacher-made and standardized tests lies in the area of objectivity.

Let's Understand in Brief:

Hence, it could be concluded that the chief point of discussion between teacher-made and standardized tests lies in the area of objectivity.

Lesson planning should be based on both, the needs of the learners and the process for evaluation to be followed. The content should be presented in such a way that it fulfils the student's academic needs. The process of the evaluation must be decided beforehand, so that the teacher understands how much learning has taken place. Different kinds of evaluation processes could be used, depending upon the learning objectives.

In Trace Conditioning procedures Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) is presented after the termination of the Conditioned Stimulus (CS).

Fear is an emotion that creates high levels of anxiety in a person and causes the loss of courage in a person.

• Fear of failure makes a person scared of failing. It commonly happens to the students. The reason for such fear is due to peer pressure, focusing on the outcome rather than concentrating on the learning.
• It even damages the mental and emotional state. Sometimes the fear overpowers the students in such a manner that they even commit drastic measures.
• Children should be counseled and should be made to understand that failure and errors are natural in the process of learning and they should not focus on failure or success, rather they should put effort into developing their concepts.
• Understanding of errors is necessary in the learning process to give insight into children's thinking. It helps the teacher to be aware of learners' learning styles, to cater to them according to their needs.

​Thus, it is concluded that the 'fear of failure' needs to be discouraged in children within a classroom because failure and errors are a natural part of children's learning.

Indian National Security Advisor (NSA) Ajit Doval convened with his Russian counterpart, Russian Security Council Secretary Nikolai Patrushev, in St. Petersburg, Russia, on April 24, 2024. They addressed key bilateral issues, focusing on counterterrorism, cyber security, and defense cooperation. Doval attended the 12th International Meeting of High Ranking Officials Responsible for Security Matters, hosted by Russia from April 22-25, 2024, gathering senior officials from 106 countries to discuss global security challenges, underscored by Russian President Vladimir Putin’s emphasis on combatting international terrorism

The Indian government aims to set up 'Bharat Park,' a trade zone in the UAE, with showrooms and warehouses to display and store Indian-made goods, facilitating international transactions and showcasing products globally.

South Korea experienced a further decline in its fertility rate, reaching a record low of 0.72 in 2023. This exacerbates concerns about population decline and highlights socio-economic factors influencing birth rates, such as career advancement concerns and financial burdens.

The time between two successive passages of the mean sun across the meridian at noon is known as mean solar time. It means that solar time is equal to one day. Some additional facts:

• 1 Astronomical Unit = 1.5 × 1011 m. It is used to determine the distance between the earth and the sun. 
• 1 Slug = 14.59 kg. It is a unit of mass in the FPS System. 
• 1 Lunar Month = 27.3 solar days. It is the time between the two consecutive full moons. 

Hence, we conclude that one solar day is of 24 hours.

The Correct Answer is Option 1 i.e Tomara Rajputs.

• Tomara Rajputs (8th Century -12th Century):
  • Anangapala was considered to be the founder of this dynasty.
  • Delhi became the capital of a kingdom for the first time under the Tomara Rajputs.
  • They were defeated by Chauhans in the middle of the twelfth century.
  • The name of Anangpala is inscribed in the Iron Pillar of Delhi. 
• Chauhans (1165-1192):
  • Prithviraj Chauhan was the most important ruler of this dynasty.
  • In the first battle of Tarain 1191 AD, he defeated Muhammad Ghori.
  • In the second battle of Tarain 1192 AD, he was defeated by Muhammad Ghori.
•  Aurangzeb (1658-1707):
  • He was the sixth Mughal Emperor.
  • He executed the ninth Sikh guru Guru Tegh Bahadur in 1675 AD.
  • He re-imposed Jaziya in 1679 AD.

The correct answer is Lenin.

Key Points

• Lenin
  • He was the leader of the Bolshevik party.
  • He returned to Russia from his exile in April 1917.
  • He felt that it was time for the Soviets to take overpower.
  • Lenin gave several speeches calling for the overthrow of the provisional government.
  • On April 7, the Bolshevik newspaper Pravda published the ideas contained in Lenin's speeches, which collectively came to be known as the April Theses. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
  • It was a series of 10 directives issued by Lenin mostly aimed at Bolsheviks.
  • Lenin pulled his closest supporters together defined his movement by the slogan "All Power to the soviets" as he sought to agitate the masses against the provisional government.
  • He put three demands which were known as Lenin’s April Theses. They were:
    • The First World War be brought to an end.
    • Land must be transferred to the peasants. 
    • The banks should be nationalized.

Additional Information

• The Russian Revolution 
  • It was a series of revolutions in the early 20^th century that ultimately resulted in the overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of a communist government.
  • During the revolution of 1905, on Bloody Sunday, the Tsar’s guards fired upon peaceful protesters, killing hundreds.
  • Concerned his authority might topple, the Tsar conceded to reforms, including the establishment of the Duma, a legislative assembly.
  • Things calmed down until early 1917 when the February Revolution resulted in the Tsar abdicating the throne and the installation of a leftist provisional government.  
  • In October the same year, Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin overthrew the provisional government and established a communist in the October Revolution.
  • Shortly afterward, Vladimir Lenin moved to end Russian involvement in World War-I.
  • On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, formally ending Russia’s participation in the war.

The correct answer is The people.

Key Points

• Democracy comes from the Greek word, “Demo" means "people" and “Kratos” means “rule”.
• Democracy is a government in which power and civic responsibility are exercised by all citizens, directly or through their freely elected representatives.
• A democratic system of government is a form of government in which supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodic free elections.
• A system can be termed as a genuine and comprehensive democracy only when it fulfills both political and socio-economic aspects of people’s participation and satisfaction.
• Challenges to democracy are as follows:-
  • Leaders keep changing in a democracy. This leads to instability.
  • Democracy is all about political competition and power play. There is no scope for morality.
  • Elected leaders do not know the interests of the people.
  • Democracy leads to the expansion of democratic values.
  • Vast countries like India have different cultural, ethnic, and religious groups. so, it is difficult to fulfill the demands of all the groups.
  • So many people have to be consulted in a democracy which leads to its delay.

The "MYUVA Scheme" in Uttar Pradesh, spearheaded by CM Yogi Adityanath, specifically targets "Young Entrepreneurs." It provides interest-free loans up to Rs 5 lakh annually to nurture their business ventures. This initiative aims to empower educated and skilled youth, offering opportunities for self-employment and fostering economic growth in the state.

Oral guidance is a process of instructing or supporting the students in the learning process through auditory instruction. Oral guidance is effective while explaining the concepts learned in the classroom and before performing physical experiments.

Key Points

Useof oral guidance:

Teaching concepts:

• Concepts can be effectively explained through oral guidance as explaining a concept is basically to provide an insight into the working process of any phenomenon.
• For example, An automobile engineer can orally explain the working process of a car's engine, and the listener will also be able to understand the concept.

Teaching facts:

• Facts are kinds of information that are known to be universally true which have been established and proven through the data. Facts can also be effectively explained through oral guidance.
• For example, A Teacher can orally explain the list of 10 most populated countries in the world based on the census data which is a proven fact.

Teaching skills:

• Skills, however, cannot be effectively explained through this technique as it requires the learner to physically practice the skills to improve and achieve perfection.
• For example, In Cricket, a coach can verbally instruct the bowler to swing his arm in a particular action to pitch a full-length delivery but the bowler trying to learn has to practice the skills in order to achieve the desired results.

Hence, it could be concluded that Oral guidance is less effective in Teaching skills.

Creativity-

The most advanced thought process,creativity, involves the production of uncommon and novel ideas that are highly relevant to the situation. Creativity is goal-directed thinking which is unusual, novel, and useful.

• Guilford (1986) considered creative thinking as involving divergent thinking, which emphasizes fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration.
• Divergent thinking is closely associated with creativity and originality and involves the ability to envision multiple ways to solve a problem.
• Divergent thinking is concerned with thinking in different directions, sometimes searching, sometimes seeking variety.
• Divergent thinking comprises a relatively distinct group that stands apart from the conventional concept of general intelligence.

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that Creativity includes the ability to do divergent thinking.

Additional Information

Characteristics of Creativity-

• It is imaginative involving imagination since it is the process of generating something original.
• It is purposeful, that is, creativity is imagination put into action towards an end.
• Creativity involves the generation of ideas and also evaluate, and deciding which one is the most adequate

Key Points

Test for measuring Creativity-

• Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT)
• The Wallach and Kogan Tests
• The Guilford Battery.

Micro Lesson Plan is not the type of lesson plans on the basis of objectives.

Micro lesson plan: It is a short recorded audio or video presentation or lessonon a single, tightly defined topic. It is usually used as a component of online or face-to-face teaching. The time of the micro-lesson is often controlled at about 10 minutes.

The stages of the Micro lesson plan are as follows,

• Microteaching ideas.
• Introduce learners to the topic with a title slide.
• Begin knowledge transfer with video, text, or both.
• Interactive questions and games.
• Applying gamification

Additional information: