According to Vygotsky, the upper limit of tasks that a learner can successfully perform with the assistance of a more competent individual is termed as:
Which among the following is considered as the teacher’s guide for running a particular lesson?
CBSE has prescribed group activities for students, in place of activities for individual students. The idea behind doing so could be
During classroom discussions, the teacher pay attention to boys only rather than girls. This is an example of:
निर्देश: निम्नलिखित गद्यांश का ध्यानपूर्वक अध्ययन कर प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए।
काल को हम बांध नहीं सकते। वह स्वत: नियंत्रित है, अबाध है। देवों का आह्वान करते हुए हम सकल कामना सिद्धि का संकल्प व्यक्त करते हुए और फिर विदा करते हुए कहते हैं- 'गच्छ-गच्छ सुरश्रेष्ठ पुनरागमनाय च'। जिसका अर्थ 'हे देव, आप स्वस्थान को तो जाएं, परंतु फिर आने के लिए' है। कितनी सकारात्मक हमारी संस्कृति है, जिसका मूल है- जो मानव मात्र के लिए हितकारी हो, कल्याणकारी हो, वह पुन:-पुन: हमारे जीवन में आए। गत वर्ष के लिए भी क्या ऐसी विदाई देना हमारे लिए संभव नहीं ? यह प्रश्न अनुत्तरित है। यह आना-जाना, आगमन-प्रस्थान सब क्या है ? एक उत्तर है कि ये काल द्वारा नियंत्रित क्रिया- प्रतिक्रियाएं हैं। जो आया है, वह जाएगा। फिर जो गया है, वह भी आएगा। यह हमारी संस्कृति की मान्यता है। हाल ही में एक विद्वान से उनके परिवार में हुई मृत्यु पर शोक संवेदना में कहा- 'गत आत्मा को शांति प्राप्त हो'। उन्होंने तुरंत ही टोकते हुए कहा- शांति प्राप्ति की बात तो पश्चिमी संस्कृति-सभ्यता की बात है। भारतीय परंपरा में तो उचित है- 'गत आत्मा को सद्गति प्राप्त हो'। इसके पीछे का गूढ़ भाव नए वर्ष के आगमन और पुराने वर्ष की विदाई की वेला को पूरी सार्थकता प्रदान करता है। शब्द और अर्थ मिलकर ही काल का, काल की गति का अर्थात् परिवर्तन का बोध कराते हैं।
काल (समय) निराकार है, अबूझ है। मानव ने समय को बांधने का बहुत प्रयास किया- पल, घड़ी, घंटा, दिन, सप्ताह, महीना, साल, मन्वन्तर... फिर भी समय कभी बंधा नहीं, कहीं ठहरता नहीं। 'कालोस्मि भरतर्षभ' कहकर कृष्ण ने काल की सार्वकालिक सत्ता को प्रतिपादित किया। इस सत्ता के आगे नत भाव से, साहचर्य के भाव से हम नया वर्ष मनाते हैं। काल ने जो दिया था, उसे स्वीकार करें और नए वर्ष में जो मिलेगा, उसको अंगीकार-स्वीकार करने के लिए हम पूरी तैयारी, पूरे जोश से तैयार रहें। इसी में पुरातन और नववर्ष के सन्धिकाल की सार्थकता है। यह सत्य है कि परिणाम पर मनुष्य का कोई नियंत्रण या दखल नहीं, पर नया साल भी पुराना होगा। इसलिए मनुष्य एक साल की अवधि के लिए अपने जीवन के कुछ नियामक लक्ष्य तो तय कर सकता है। नए साल का सूरज यही प्रेरणा लेकर आया है। जीवन के चरम लक्ष्य पीछे छूटते जा रहे हैं, खोते जा रहे हैं। ऐसे में नए वर्ष की शुरुआत अपने लक्ष्य निर्धारित करने का अच्छा अवसर है, आत्म निरीक्षण का अचूक मौका है यह। काल शाश्वत है। नए साल का आगमन और पुराने की विदाई यह हमारा कालबोध ही तो है। आगत का स्वागत भारतीय परम्परा के मूल में है। जो आया है, अतिथि है उसे अपना लो। काल के साथ, समय के साथ चलना मनुष्य की नियति है, परंतु काल के कपाल पर कुछ अंकित करने का संकल्प मनुष्य की जिजीविषा का मूल है।
Q. मनुष्य की जिजीविषा का मूल क्या है?
निर्देश: काव्यांश को पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नो के सबसे उचित उत्तर वाले विकल्प का चयन कीजिए-
किंतु अरे यह क्या,
इतना आदर, इतनी करुणा, सम्मान?
प्रथम दृष्टि में ही दे डाला
तुमने मुझे अहो मतिमान!
मैं अपने झीने आँचल में
इस अपार करुणा का भार
कैसे भला सँभाल सकूँगी
उनका वह स्नेह अपार।
लख महानता उनकी पल-पल
देख रही हूँ अपनी ओर
मेरे लिए बहुत थी केवल
उनकी तो करुणा की कोर।
Q. निम्न में से उपर्युक्त पंक्तियों के रचयिता का नाम बताइए-
वृक्ष हों भले खड़े,
हों घने हों बड़े,
एक पत्र छाँह भी,
माँग मत, माँग मत, माँग मत,
अग्निपथ अग्निपथ अग्निपथ।
तू न थकेगा कभी,
तू न थमेगा कभी,
तू न मुड़ेगा कभी,
कर शपथ, कर शपथ, कर शपथ,
अग्निपथ अग्निपथ अग्निपथ।
यह महान दृश्य है,
चल रहा मनुष्य है,
अश्रु स्वेद रक्त से,
लथपथ लथपथ लथपथ,
अग्निपथ अग्निपथ अग्निपथ।
उपर्युक्त पद्यांश को पढ़कर नीचे पूछे गए प्रश्न का उत्तर बताइए।
Q. असफल होने और गिरने वाले व्यक्ति का हौसला कवि किन शब्दों से बढ़ा रहा है?
निर्देश: निम्नलिखित पद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए व प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिये:
पूछता क्यों शेष कितनी रात ?
अमर सम्पुट में ढला तू,
छू नखों की कांति चिर संकेत पर जिन के जला तू,
स्निग्ध सुधि जिन की लिये कज्जल-दिशा में हँस चला तू!
परिधि बन घेरे तुझे वे उँगलियाँ अवदात !
झर गए खद्योग सारे;
तिमिर-वात्याचक्र में सब पिस गये अनमोल तारे,
बुझ गई पवि के हृदय में काँप कर विद्युत-शिखा रे !
साथ तेरा चाहती एकाकिनी बरसात !
व्यंगमय है क्षितिज-घेरा
प्रश्नमय हर क्षण निठुर-सा पूछता परिचय बसेरा,
आज उत्तर हो सभी का ज्वालवाही श्वास तेरा !
छीजता है इधर तू उस ओर बढ़ता प्रात !
Q. दिए गए विकल्पों में ‘अमर’ शब्द का विलोम शब्द बताइए।
The digital revolution has indisputably reshaped our society, permeating virtually every facet of life. We live in a hyperconnected era, where the boundary between the real and virtual worlds is increasingly blurred. Though its benefits are myriad, it's worth pausing to consider the potential downsides of this digital immersion.
On the one hand, technology has democratized information, fostering global connectivity and accessibility. The internet, smartphones, and various digital platforms have empowered us with the ability to learn, communicate, and collaborate like never before. They have catapulted us into an era of unprecedented convenience and opportunity, where we can virtually traverse the globe with a simple click.
Yet, this digital immersion also comes with pitfalls. The unending influx of information can overwhelm our cognitive capabilities, leading to information overload. The constant bombardment of updates, notifications, and messages can disrupt our focus, leading to a condition known as "digital fatigue." Further, it's alarming to see the increasing prevalence of cyberbullying, privacy breaches, and disinformation campaigns, which have severe consequences on our societal harmony.
The digital revolution is a double-edged sword. It grants us unparalleled access to knowledge, yet it can also breed distraction, misinformation, and anxiety. We need to strike a balance, leveraging the best of what technology offers while mitigating its downsides. As we continue to navigate this digital landscape, it's crucial to remember that technology is merely a tool—it's how we use it that ultimately defines its impact.
Q. How does the passage suggest we should view and use technology?
Directions: Read the passage given below and answer the question that follows.
Once upon a time, there lived a sparrow in a tree. He was very happy to have a beautiful and comfortable nest of his own in the tree. The sparrow used to fly to far off places to pick at grains from so many fields, full of crops. At the Sun set, he would return to his perch. One day, the sparrow ate his fill, but could not return to his nest because of the heavy rains which continued for the whole night. The sparrow had to spend the whole night in a big banyan tree a little distance away from home.
The next morning, when the rain stopped and the sky became clear, the sparrow returned to his tree. He was astonished to find a rabbit occupying his beautiful and comfortable nest. The sparrow lost his temper and spoke to the rabbit, "It's my home you're sitting in. Please quit this place at once".
"Do not talk like a fool", replied the rabbit. "Trees, rivers and lakes do not belong to anyone. Places like these are yours only so long as you are living in. If someone else occupies it in your absence, it belongs to the new occupant. So, go away and do not disturb me anymore".
But, the sparrow was not satisfied with this illogical reply. He said, "Let's ask a person of wisdom and only then our case will be settled".
At a distance from the tree, there lived a wild cat. The cat, somehow, overheard the discussion that took place between the sparrow and the rabbit.
The cat immediately thought of a plan, took a holy dip in the river, and then sat like a priest and began chanting God's name in a loud tone. When the rabbit and the sparrow heard the cat chanting God's name, they approached him with a hope to get impartial justice and requested him to pass a judgement in the matter.
The cat became very happy to have both of them in front of him. He pretended to listen to their arguments. But, as soon as the right opportunity came, the cat pounced upon both of them and killed and ate them together with great relish.
(from Panchtantra)
Q. The best way to teach this story would be by
A reading activity, where students focus on phonemic sounds, pronunciation and intonation, can be used to assess
Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely, and the grass was richly green. The people of the village began to gather in the square, between the post office and the bank, around ten o’clock; in some towns, there were so many people that the lottery took two days and had to be started on June 20th, but in this village, where there were only about three hundred people, the whole lottery took less than two hours so that it could begin at ten o’clock in the morning and still be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner.
The children assembled first, of course. The school was recently over for the summer, and the feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them; they tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke into boisterous play, and their talk was still of the classroom and the teacher, of books and reprimands. Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones; Bobby and Harry Jones and Dickie Delacroix—the villagers pronounced this name “Dellacroy”—eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys. The girls stood aside, talking among themselves, looking over their shoulders at the boys, and the tiny children rolled in the dust or clung to the hands of their older brothers or sisters.
Soon the men began to gather, surveying their own children, speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes. They stood together, away from the pile of stones in the corner, and their jokes were quiet, and they smiled rather than laughed. The women, wearing faded house dresses and sweaters, came shortly after their menfolk. They greeted one another and exchanged bits of gossip as they went to join their husbands. Soon the women, standing by their husbands, began to call to their children, and the children came reluctantly, having to be called four or five times. Bobby Martin ducked under his mother’s grasping hand and ran, laughing, back to the pile of stones. His father spoke up sharply, and Bobby came quickly and took his place between his father and his oldest brother.
Q. Which of the following statement is true?
Which of the following approaches has been used extensively to familiarise students with ideas in the textbook Social and Political Life published by the NCERT?
Dropout rates of Dalit and Adivasi girls are the highest because
Which of the following is an example of de-valued?
Which of the following philosophical texts literally means ‘approaching and sitting near’?
What does Universal Adult Suffrage means?
How many members can be nominated to the Lok Sabha?
Kumar Devi was the wife of which Gupta ruler?
Who is the executive head of the State Government?
Which of the following was not a problem faced by India soon after Independence?
Calculate the R.F. for the map presenting 40 km ground distance by 5 cm on map.
Which of the following statement is correct regarding the assessment rubric?
A. It improves student performance by clearly showing the students how their work will be evaluated.
B. Increase the amount of time teachers spend evaluating students' work.
C. Allow assessment to be more objective and consistent.
D. Difficult to use and explain.
The following is one of the technical factors for social change.
Which of the following types of rainfall is common along mountainous regions?
Why is mining called a primary activity?
Consider the following statements and choose the correct answer from the following.
Assertion (A): The thin blanket of gases protects the earth from harmful effects.
Reason (R): Its density is maximum at the sea level and decreases upward
30 tests
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