TS TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 (Science and Mathematics) - TS TET MCQ

Cognitive abilities are brain-based skills we need to carry out any task from the simplest to the most complex. They have more to do with the mechanisms of how we learn, remember, problem-solve, reason out, and pay attention rather than with any actual knowledge.

The concept of Zone of Proximal Development is given by  Lev Vygotsky. Zone of Proximal Development or ZPD is the set of skills a child can't do on his own but can do with the help of guidance of a more knowledgeable other. 

Kohlberg Theory: The theory focuses mainly on the development of moral reasoning and morality among children and has given 6 stages for the same. The theory also suggests that moral logic is primarily focused on seeking and maintaining justice.

Age is a personal matter. It doesn't reflect environment, cognition or society. So, option (2) is the correct answer.

Lawrence Kohlberg, an American psychologist, has propounded the 'Theory of Moral Development'. He has made a systematic study of moral development in his theory that is categorised into 3 levels and 6 stages.

Imitation learning mainly influences the personality of the child. Imitation is an advanced behavior whereby an individual observes and replicates another's behavior. An imitation is also a form of social learning that leads to the "development of traditions, and ultimately our culture.

According to Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, assimilation, accommodation, and equilibrium are the ways through which children integrate new experiences into already existing cognition structures (schema). 

Extinction (psychology) is observed in both operantly conditioned and classically conditioned behaviours. When operant behaviour that has been previously reinforced no longer produces reinforcing consequences, the behaviour gradually stops occurring.
A partial reinforcement will continue to produce reinforcing consequences and therefore, making it difficult to stop a behaviour from re-occurring.

Demonstration method- it is the autocratic strategy of teaching. Teacher shows all the activities given in a lesson to the students as an action and explains the important points before them during demonstration. It is a teaching method used in technical and training colleges and in teacher education. This strategy focuses to achieve psychomotor and cognitive objectives. 
Heuristic method- it is a democratic strategy of teaching. Students learn themselves as teachers raise problem before the students and ask them to discover the answer. 
Discovery method- this method is used in social science to clarify the facts and concepts. This is democratic style of teaching. 
Brain storming- a problem is given to the students and they are asked to put forward their views one by one, conclusion is drawn after evaluating their jumbled ideas.

गद्यांश के अनुसार, "सद्गुरु ही एकमात्र व्यक्तित्व है जो निःस्वार्थ प्रेम करता है। उसे आपसे कुछ पाना नहीं है। उसे तो अपना सब कुछ आपके ऊपर लुटाना है।"
इसलिए, यह निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है कि सद्गुरु निःस्वार्थ प्रेम करता है।

पलाश के वन को अंगूठी इसलिए कहा गया है क्योंकि खिले पलाश के वन आग के समान दिखाई देते हैं।
पद्यांश से

• "पास ही दहक रही है… पलाश के जंगल की अंगीठी।"

अंत, पतन, समाप्त तीनो पर्यायवाची शब्द है।
इतिहास के पर्यायवाची शब्द - इतिवृत, प्रचीनकथा, पुरावृत्त, पूर्ववृत्तांत, पुराण, पूर्वकथा, अतीत कथा, पूर्ववृत।

व्याकरण किसी भाषा के बोलने तथा लिखने के नियमों की व्यवस्थित पद्धति है अर्थात व्याकरण भाषा को व्यवस्थित करने का कार्य करती है। व्याकरण भाषा को स्थिर रखती है। यह भाषा के स्वरूप की सार्थक व्यवस्था करता है। यह भाषा का शरीर विज्ञान है तथा व्यवहारिक विश्लेषण करता है। ‘संदर्भ में व्याकरण’ का शैक्षिक निहितार्थ है कि व्याकरण को पाठ के संदर्भ में सिखाया जाता है।
यह पढ़ाए जा रहे पाठ के संदर्भ में व्याकरणिक बिंदु को स्पष्ट करने से सम्बंधित है।
यह पाठ में निहित व्याकरणिक नियमों का उल्लेख कर व्याकरण सीखने पर बल देता है।
यह शिक्षण कार्य या पाठ के दौरान पाठ में आने वाले शब्दों का उपसर्ग-प्रत्यय, संधिविच्छेद, आदि बताकर व्याकरणिक नियमों को आसानी से समझने में सहयोग करता है।
शिक्षक द्वारा इस विधि का प्रयोग इसलिए किया जाता है क्योंकि संदर्भ में व्याकरण सिखाने पर बच्चों के लिए व्याकरणिक नियमों को ग्रहण करना सरल हो जाता है।
वे व्याकरण को पाठ के संदर्भ में आसानी से समझते हैं जिससे उन्हें उन नियमों को बिना समझे कंठस्थ करने की जरूरत नहीं होती।
अतः, हम कह सकते है कि संदर्भ में व्याकरण पाठ पढाते समय प्रसंगवश आने वाले व्याकरणिक बिन्दुओं को स्पष्ट करने पर बल देता है। 
अतः विकल्प (B) सही  है।

गंगा की डॉल्फिन  एक अत्यंत प्राचीन जलचर है।
औपचारिक रूप से इसकी खोज सन् 1801 में हुई थी।
पहले यह दक्षिण एशिया, विशेष रूप से भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप में बहुत बड़े क्षेत्र में फैली हुई थी तथा बड़ी संख्या में पाई जाती थी। 

सीख लीगे भाषा तथा अपेक्षित भाषा मे संवाद करने के लिए प्रयुक्त की जाने वाली भाषा शिक्षण की विधि अनुवाद विधि हैI अनुवाद विधि के गुण :-

• इसे बड़ी सरलता से पढ़ाया ज सकता हैI
• इस विधि मे बोलने की अपेक्षा लिखने और पढने पर तथा भाषा की अपेक्षा भाषा के तत्वों के ज्ञान पर अधिक बल दिया जाता हैI
• द्वितीय भाषा के ढांचों का ज्ञान कराया जाता है तथा भाषा कौशलो मे दक्षता ली जाती हैI
• द्वितीय भाषा के शब्दों एवं वाक्यों का ज्ञान आना चाहिए ना कि नियम व मातृभाषा के अवतरणों का द्वतीय भाषा मे अनुवाद किया जाता हैI

The synonym of the phrase 'very small' is 'tiny'.

A portfolio is a tool for assessing a variety of skills not usually testable in a single setting of the traditional written paper and pencil tests. It keeps the students’ work of language use and uses it for assessing the learners’ achievement.
A collection of students' work (drawings, poems, stories, worksheets, etc.) on a variety of tasks throughout the meant for keeping a record of their performance is known as portfolio.
It provides evidence of a learner’s abilities, thoughts, and attitudes. It shows children's gradual progress and paves way for development.
It assesses team-based activities, social projects, and peer-related behavior and represents a blend of the instructional process and the evaluation process. It provides an insight into a child’s emotional, social and psychological development.
So, it could be concluded that if a teacher of class V asks her students to put their drawings, poems, stories, worksheets, and other material developed by them in that term in a specified folder, these folders of the students can be called a portfolio.

It is the correct option. Antonym of 'reveal' is 'conceal'. 'Reveal' means 'make (previously unknown or secret information) known to others', whereas 'conceal' means 'prevent (something) from being known; keep secret'.

Language is a symbolic, rule-governed system, shared by a group of people to express their thoughts and feelings. These rules are the set of conventions that organize their proper use and dictate how words relate to one another. Some of these rules that govern a language include phonology, syntax, morphology, semantic, etc. 

The second line of the first paragraph states, "The school was recently over for the summer, and the feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them; they tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke into boisterous play, and their talk was still of the classroom and the teacher, of books and reprimands."

Symbiosis is a close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species.

• The leaves have a green pigment called chlorophyll.
• It helps leaves to capture the energy of the sunlight.
• This energy is used to synthesize (prepare) food from carbon dioxide and water. 
• Since the synthesis of food occurs in the presence of sunlight, it is called photosynthesis.
• Photo means light and Synthesis means to combine.
• We find that chlorophyll, sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water are necessary to carry out the process of photosynthesis.
• It is a unique process on the earth.
• The solar energy is captured by the leaves and stored in the plant in the form of food.
• Thus, the sun is the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms. 
• By the middle of the nineteenth century, the key features of plant photosynthesis were known, namely, that plants could use light energy to make carbohydrates from CO₂ and water.

Given:
MN = 70 cm
Diameter = 74 cm
Concept used:
Diameter = Radius × 2
The perpendicular distance of a chord from the center bisects the chord itself.
Pythagoras Theorem.
(Hypotenuse)2 = (Base)2 + (Height)2
Calculation:

Let OM and OP be the radius and the perpendicular distance from the chord respectively. 
Hence, MP = 70 ÷ 2 = 35 cm
ΔOMP is a right-angled triangle at P.
Hence,
OP = √(OM² - MP²)
⇒ √(37² - 35²) = √144 
⇒ 12
∴ The perpendicular distance of the chord from the center is 12 cm.

• Gastric digestion takes place properly in an acidic medium.
• Gastric juice consists of mainly three substances.
• Hydrochloric acid: It is acidic in nature and helps in the proper functioning of enzyme pepsin and kills the harmful bacteria that might have entered the stomach with food and helps indigestion.
• Pepsin: It digests the proteins in the food and converts them into smaller molecules.
• Mucus: It protects the stomach wall from the acidic nature of HCl which may corrode the lining of the stomach.
• Gastric juice has a pH of around 1 to 2 which is acidic.
• This low pH helps in the activation of certain digestive enzymes.

Formula Used:
Sum of all angles in quadrilateral is 360°.
Calculation: 
⇒ ∠ DCB + ∠ DCX = 180°  [ Linear pair ]
⇒ ∠ DCB + 120° = 180°
⇒  ∠ DCB = 180° - 120° = 60° =∠ C 
In quadrilateral ABCD
Using above formula-
⇒ ∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C + ∠ D = 360° 
⇒ 120° + 105° + 60° + ∠ D = 360° 
⇒ ∠ D = ∠ ADC = 360° - 120° - 105° - 60° = 75° 
∴ The correct answer is 75° 

The teaching-learning of mathematics stresses much on developing the skill of mathematization. It is expected that children should expand the horizon of cognition by incorporating abilities that help them to manage situations mathematically.

According to NCF 2005, science is a dynamic, expanding body of knowledge, covering ever-new domains of experience. In a progressive forward-looking society, science can play a truly liberating role, helping people escape from the vicious cycle of poverty, ignorance, and superstition.

• Science education cultivates students' curiosity about the world and enhances scientific thinking.
• This will prepare students to participate in public discourse in science-related issues and enable them to become life-long learners in science and technology.
• The advances in science and technology have transformed traditional fields of work such as agriculture and industry and led to the emergence of wholly new fields of work.
• People today are faced with an increasingly fast-changing world where the most important skills are flexibility, innovation, and creativity. These different imperatives have to be kept in mind in shaping science education.
• These different imperatives have to be kept in mind in shaping science education. Good science education is true to the child, true to life, and true to science.
• Process Validity requires that the curriculum should engage the learner in acquiring the methods and processes that lead to the generation and validation of scientific knowledge and nurture the natural curiosity and creativity of the child in science.
• Process validity is an important criterion since it helps the student in 'learning to learn' science and satisfied by activities and experiments.

Therefore, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that process validities of a good science education curriculum are satisfied by activity and experiment.

The most important stage in diagnosis is finding the nature of difficulties, then cause of these difficulties, and then remedial measures and its application.

Values Inculcated through mathematics: Values of Learning Mathematics Values are the outcomes or results achieved after teaching according to certain aims. They are the actual results of our teaching effort. They enable the students to acquire mathematical knowledge, skills, develop interests and attitudes. The various values are as follows:

• Practical or Utilitarian values
• Intellectual values
• Social values
• Moral values
• Disciplinary values
• Cultural values
• International values
• Aesthetic values
• Vocational values
• Psychological values

Enactive includes aids which provide direct experiences, such as field trips, dramatised experiences, etc.
Iconic includes aids which provide pictorial experiences.
Symbolic includes highly abstract experiences.