Test: Autonomic Nervous System- 2 - NEET PG MCQ

Shorter acting compared to edrophonium.

Glaucoma is a condition that affects the optic nerve, which is essential for vision. It typically occurs when the pressure inside the eye increases, potentially leading to damage.

• People with glaucoma often experience gradual vision loss.
• This condition can be hereditary, meaning it may run in families.
• Regular eye examinations are crucial for early detection and management.
• Treatment options include medications, laser therapy, or surgery.

Recognising the symptoms early can greatly improve outcomes, making awareness and routine check-ups vital for those at risk.

Prazosin is a medication primarily used to treat hypertension and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha-blockers.

• By blocking alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, Prazosin causes blood vessels to relax, leading to lower blood pressure.
• It is often prescribed when other medications have not been effective in controlling blood pressure.
• Prazosin can also improve urinary flow in men with BPH by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck.
• Common side effects may include dizziness, headache, and fatigue, especially during the initial stages of treatment.
• Patients are usually advised to start with a low dose to minimise adverse effects.

It is essential for individuals taking Prazosin to follow their healthcare provider's instructions and report any unusual symptoms promptly.

Inhibits the release of Ach.

Carbaryl is a broad-spectrum insecticide that is widely employed to control pests in various crops. It works by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine at nerve synapses, which disrupts normal nerve function. This compound is effective against a range of insects, including:

• aphids
• caterpillars
• beetles

Due to its mode of action, carbaryl is classified as a carbamate pesticide. It is important to use this chemical carefully, as it can also affect beneficial insects and has the potential to pollute water sources if not managed properly. Its application must adhere to recommended guidelines to ensure safety for both humans and the environment.

Betaxolol is a selective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist used primarily to manage hypertension and to treat certain types of glaucoma. It works by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart and blood vessels, leading to a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. Additionally, it reduces the production of aqueous humour in the eye, thereby lowering intraocular pressure.

• It is generally administered orally in tablet form or as an eye drop.
• Common side effects may include fatigue, dizziness, and bradycardia.
• Patients with respiratory conditions such as asthma should use it with caution, as it can potentially exacerbate symptoms.

As with any medication, it is essential to follow the prescribed dosage and consult a healthcare professional for any concerns or side effects.

Bronchial smooth muscle plays a crucial role in regulating airflow through the airways. Its contraction and relaxation are influenced by various factors, including:

• Neural control via the autonomic nervous system
• Hormonal signals from the body
• Local inflammatory mediators

This muscle tissue is vital for maintaining the diameter of the bronchi and bronchioles, thereby affecting breathing efficiency. Conditions such as asthma can lead to inappropriate contraction of bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in narrowed airways and difficulty in breathing.