Test: Chinese Civilization - UPSC MCQ

The first dynasty of China was the Xia dynasty, which is considered to be a legendary dynasty.

Yu the Great is the legendary founder of the Xia dynasty. He is credited with controlling floods and establishing a strong central government.

The Han dynasty is considered the height of Chinese civilization during the ancient period. It was known for its advancements in technology, literature, and governance.

The Great Wall of China was primarily built to defend against invasions from northern nomadic tribes, such as the Mongols.

The Silk Road connected China with various regions, including India, Persia, and Egypt, facilitating trade and cultural exchange.

Confucianism is based on the teachings of Confucius, a Chinese philosopher and thinker who emphasized ethical conduct, respect for authority, and the importance of education.

Legalism advocated for strict laws, harsh punishments, and a strong central authority to maintain order and control.

The Sui dynasty is known for constructing the Grand Canal, an extensive waterway that facilitated transportation and trade across China.

The terracotta army was built during the reign of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, to protect him in the afterlife.

The invention of paper is attributed to the Han dynasty. This innovation greatly impacted communication, education, and the spread of knowledge.

The Dao De Jing is a central text of Daoism (also known as Taoism), a philosophical and religious tradition that emphasizes living in harmony with the Dao (Way).

The imperial examination system was introduced during the Han dynasty as a means of selecting officials based on merit and knowledge rather than social status.

The Forbidden City, located in Beijing, served as the imperial palace during the Ming dynasty. It was the residence of the emperors and their families.

Laozi, the founder of Daoism, is associated with the concept of yin and yang, representing complementary forces and balance in the universe.

The Yellow Turban Rebellion took place during the late Eastern Han dynasty. It was a popular uprising against social and economic inequalities.

The Ming dynasty is known for the construction of the Great Wall, the voyages of Zheng He, and the establishment of the civil service examination system.

The Tang dynasty reunified China after the period of disunity following the fall of the Han dynasty. It was known for its cultural and economic prosperity.

The Philosophy of Mohism Emphasized Love and Universal Harmony

• Importance of Love: Mohism placed a strong emphasis on the importance of love and benevolence towards all individuals. They believed that showing love and compassion towards others was essential for creating a harmonious society.
• Universal Harmony: Mohists believed in the concept of universal love, where individuals should treat all people with kindness and respect, regardless of their social status or background. This emphasis on universal harmony aimed to create a more peaceful and cooperative society.
• Rejecting Military Strength: Unlike other philosophies of the time that glorified military strength and expansion, Mohism advocated for peaceful resolutions to conflicts and the avoidance of unnecessary violence. They believed that war and conflict only led to suffering and destruction, and that harmony could be achieved through love and understanding.
• Opposing Rigid Social Hierarchy: Mohists also rejected the idea of a rigid social hierarchy that placed certain individuals above others based on their status or wealth. Instead, they promoted the idea of equality and fairness, where all individuals were treated with respect and dignity.

Overall, the philosophy of Mohism focused on promoting love, compassion, and universal harmony as the key principles for creating a more peaceful and harmonious society.

The Opium Wars were fought between China and Britain in the 19th century. They were a result of disputes over trade and opium addiction.

The Boxer Rebellion was a movement in China against foreign imperialism and the influence of Western powers during the late Qing dynasty.