Test: Critical Reasoning- 2 - GMAT MCQ
25 Questions MCQ Test Verbal for GMAT - Test: Critical Reasoning- 2
DishClean, a dishwasher and dish washing solution manufacturing company, ran a promotional campaign last year through which it sold a significant number of units of its new dishwasher at a discounted price in exchange for old dishwashers. However, the company’s sales team’s proposal to run the same campaign this year was rejected on the grounds that whatever extra profit the company made from the sales that came through the campaign last year was offset by the cost it incurred in marketing the campaign.
Which of the following, if true, provides the best support for an assertion against the rejection of the above mentioned proposal?
Although dried roots in well-watered orchids are caused primarily by the deficiency of a chemical compound called Vitadex, researchers believe that the presence of Ditalex in the soil could also be a cause of the same. Traces of Ditalex were found in 70 percent of the orchids with dried roots, but in only 10 percent of the orchids without dried roots. Ditalex was accidentally added to a few pesticides last year and researchers hypothesize that these affected orchids are from farms that once used this particular batch of pesticides.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the researchers’ hypothesis?
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The Ramsai World Financial Center is shorter in height than the Ramsai Tower. However, since the Krate World Heritage Center is shorter than the Royal Clock Tower Hotel, it can be concluded that the Ramsai World financial Center is shorter than the Royal Clock Tower Hotel.
Any of the following, if added to the argument as an extra premise, makes the argument above logically correct EXCEPT:
Cellular phones built by Minivarta have gone down in quality over the years. In a comparative study of cell phone models that were introduced ten years ago when the company had just ventured in to producing cell phones but that are still sold by the company and those only recently produced by the company, it was found that the former were sturdier, had more voice clarity and were easier to use than the latter.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the above argument?
In an effort to prevent accidents from distractions caused by texting while driving, auto companies are now offering built- in audio systems that link themselves through the Bluetooth technology to the individual’s mobile phone and automatically read texts as and when they are received. These companies are hopeful that their initiative will be appreciated by people who are increasingly voicing concerns over the rising number of auto-accidents reported in which the cause of the accident was the driver’s lack of focus on the road while texting.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the assertion that the people will not appreciate the initiative taken by the auto companies?
Recently, a plane crashed near the outskirts of Berlin within minutes after its takeoff from Berlin airport. Initial analysis confirmed that the crash was caused by either the usage of substandard fuel or a fault in the control board. Since the airport staff tested the control board before the plane took off, analysts hypothesize that the reason behind the plane crash was substandard fuel.
Which of the following options, if true, most strengthens the analysts’ hypothesis?
In Varisland, when a subscriber of one telecom operator calls a subscriber of a different telecom operator, the latter’s telecom company charges a small connection fee to the originating operator, a fee stipulated by the regulator and same for every operator. Almost all the new telecom operators are enticing customers by charging much lower call rates than charged by the existing operators. Since the connection fee is one of the sources of revenue for new companies, the regulator should increase the connection fee, improving the financials of the new telecom operators and thereby enabling them to better compete in the market.
Which of the following statements provides the strongest reason to suggest that the recommendation of the author would have an effect opposite to the one envisaged?
A recently published paper concludes that tenured professors or those on their way to tenure don’t enhance student learning as much as full-time lecturers outside the tenure system. Clearly, the difference between professors in the tenure system and other full-time lecturers has to do with the reward system for the former. The criterion for rewarding tenured faculty typically places a greater emphasis on research than teaching.
The above argument is based on doubts on the validity of which of the following statements?
While fossil fuels are rapidly being replaced by inexhaustible natural resources in order to conserve perishable resources, fossil fuels are still required to a certain extent to run power plants that generate alternative forms of energy. Some experts are of the opinion that fossils located in submarine regions should no longer be accessed, since such regions are difficult to reach, and undersea mining operations cost at least twice as much as subterranean mining does.
Which of the following, if true, mostly strongly supports the recommendation that submarine fossils should continue to be mined?
According to local farmers, the recent significant decline in the yield of Einkorn, a variety of wheat cultivated primarily in Ingrostia, is due to the unfavorable weather conditions last year. However, a government spokesperson recently made a statement claiming that the yield of Einkorn has declined because of the decline in the usage of pesticides by the local farmers.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls the spokesperson’s claim into question?
Bercedez Meiz, an Italian automobile manufacturer has final plans approved for a new model that replaces their current model NL670 belonging to their flagship series. It is predicted to be by far the best in the SUV segment and expected to be launched 16 months from now. Altrix, their marketing partner has suggested that Bercedez Meiz start advertising about the new model to maximize the initial sales of the SUV model. But the company has decided to wait another 12 months before starting to market the new model.
Which of the following, if true, provides Bercedez Meiz with the best reason for postponing advertising the new model?
New research shows that some marine organisms such as eels are facing a severe threat to their survival because of the increasing marine noise pollution. Researchers found that when exposed to acute noises such as those typical of large fishing ships, European eels reacted very differently to predator attacks; the likelihood of their response to an ambush by a predator decreased by 50% and the reaction times of the ones that did respond were delayed by as much as 25%.
Which of the following can be concluded on the basis of the information given in the above passage?
In an attempt to improve the economic and social welfare of the people, the government has recently announced a scheme under which it will provide certain staple foods at 30% discount to the authorized dealers. The reduction in the prices of these foods will significantly improve the economic conditions of the people from low income groups.
Which of the following would be most useful to establish in evaluating the argument?
Studies have shown that the number of times a car breaks down per year is significantly dependent on whether the owner conducts regular maintenance for the vehicle. Most customers who buy luxury cars are extremely particular about the maintenance of the cars. The owners of luxury cars who employ chauffeurs are more careful in the maintenance of their cars than the owners of economy cars are. Therefore, such luxury car owners will suffer fewer car breakdowns than the owners of economy cars.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the conclusion drawn above?
In North America, of the people who buy cell phones, the percentage of people who bought phones from local manufacturers has decreased by five percent in the past one year. Since many local phone manufacturers in North America depend heavily on the local population for their customer base, this reduction is likely to have caused a noticeable negative economic effect on these manufacturers.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
Chairperson of College Board: We spend a substantial amount of money on compensating fresh college graduates as part-time faculty for introductory courses. However, we can easily save most of this expenditure by giving our final year students, who have themselves studied such courses, the opportunity to teach these courses, which are mostly taught to first-year students. The final year students can be given extra credits and a minimum stipend for this role.
Which of the following, if true, provides the best support for the conclusion that the college should not employ final year students to teach introductory courses?
Prior to 1971, the United States was on various forms of a gold standard through which the value of the dollar was backed by gold reserves and paper money could be redeemed for gold on demand. Since 1971, the United States dollar has been a fiat currency backed by "full faith and credit” of the government and not backed by, valued in, or convertible into gold. A gold standard restricts the ability of government to print money at will and to spend more than it earns in tax revenue. Besides, the economy has historically performed best under a gold standard. Therefore, for reasons above, the voters should vote for a party that backs the return of the gold standard in the country.
Which of the following data sets can be best used by the author of the above argument to further his conclusion?
Some geologist propose haloclasty, a process of salt crystallization responsible for the weathering of rocks, as an explanation for the specific weathering pattern observed on the Egyptian Sphinx. This explanation is rejected by some other geologists who hold the opinion that the type of weathering evident on the Sphinx enclosure walls, along with that on the core blocks of the Sphinx and Valley temples, could have only been caused by prolonged and extensive rainfall and hence date the construction of the Sphinx back to the 6th or 5th millennium BC.
Which of the following, if true, provides the best support for the assertion that the weathering on the Sphinx could not have been due to haloclasty but instead due to extensive rainfall in the area?
A person is considered obese if her BMI i.e. Body Mass Index, a ratio of a person’s weight to square of her height, exceeds a certain number. In 1990, the average BMI of the population was just below the threshold level for obesity. However, in a recent survey conducted, it was found that the average weight was 10% more than that of the population in 1990. Given that there has not been any increase in average height of the population since 1990, the obesity levels in the country must have increased.
Which of the following, if true, would cast the strongest doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
A restaurant that comes up with an innovative dish can normally increase its profits by capitalizing on the novelty of the dish. Since recipes can be easily replicated, the restaurant with a new dish advertises it aggressively to attract customers while the novelty factor can still be used as a selling point. But aggressive advertising generates a fear of losing customers in the competitors and gives them a strong incentive to quickly replicate the new dish. Therefore, the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new dish is to advertise it selectively.
Which of the following, if true, strengthens the suggestion given by the author?
Parent: It is as misleading to conclude that decreasing attendance in after-school extra classes shows that our children’s academic requirements are finally being fully met in regularly-scheduled classes as it is to reason that teachers do not get negative ratings from students because students respect and admire teachers. The real cause behind the decreasing attendance is that the same teachers who teach the regular classes teach the after-school ones, and students don’t like the methodology used by these teachers in the first place.
The parent’s statements, if true, best support which of the following conclusions?
The seafront properties in Southern coastal regions of India had always been expensive and most sought after. After the Tsunami hit the coastal regions of India last year, the prices of the seafront properties dropped as most inhabitants started evacuating their homes and moved inlands. As a result the property values of inland homes started increasing. The installation of the Tsunami sensors will definitely bring the seafront property prices to its original glory and thus the original price.
Which of the following, if true, most calls into question the reasoning on which the plan is based?
Linda: In the 1800s, it was found that one in every six women who gave birth in hospitals died of a fever they had contracted after delivering the child and that the mortality was not as high if they gave birth at home with the help of a mid wife. It was found that the doctors had a poorer sense of hygiene and that their dirty hands and instruments were leading to pathogens entering a woman's bloodstream. Thankfully, hygienic conditions today are much better and women are safer.
Fiona: But doctors today are so overworked that a number of doctors, while aware of the need for better hygiene, barely find the time to wash their hands. The likelihood of infections caused by doctors is probably not any better.
Q. Which of the following can be used by Fiona to further establish that Linda need not be correct in her reasoning?
Choice overload is a term used to describe the effects of having too many options to choose from while making a decision. Under such conditions, people usually feel paralyzed and as a result are unable to make decisions for themselves. However, various studies have shown that when making decisions for others, people face what is called “reverse-choice overload”. In other words, people are enthused and more decisive while making decisions from a wide variety of available options. Clearly, people are less careful while making decisions for others and hence are not overwhelmed with the stress to make the choice.
Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the argument?
Analyst 1: Many parents take their children along when they go for shopping for toys because they want to know whether the children will really enjoy playing with a toy before buying it for them. But in many cases, children ask for toys that are either out of their parents’ budgets or are somewhat unsafe for the children. Either way, it is not a good idea to take children along when shopping for toys.
Analyst 2: But since parents have the ultimate authority to decide whether to purchase a particular toy, your consideration is not valid.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to strengthen the conclusion drawn by analyst 1?
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