Test: English Mock Test - 9 - CDS MCQ

The correct answer is 'illuminated'.

Key Points

• The word 'obfuscated' in English refers to making something less clear and harder to understand, usually intentionally. ('अस्पष्ट').
  • Example: The contract was drafted with legal terms that obfuscated its true implications.
• The word 'illuminated' in English refers to making something clear and easy to understand. ('प्रकाशित' or 'स्पष्ट').
  • Example: The professor illuminated complex scientific concepts with day-to-day examples.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information

• 'Mystified', means making something complicated or obscure to the point of confusion. ('रहस्यमय').
• 'Obscured', refers to making something unclear or less distinct. ('धुंधला').
• 'Muddled', means to mix up in a confused or disordered manner. ('गुमराह').

The correct answer is “purview”.

Key Points

• 'Purview' refers to the scope of influence or activity of something; in this context, it refers to the jurisdiction of the act.
• 'Review', 'View', 'Limits' do not hold the particular implication of scope of influence or jurisdiction as 'Purview' does.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 4'

The correct answer is '(c)'.

Key Points

• The sentence is providing information about a requirement for a job application.
• However, the phrase "must received by Friday" is grammatically incorrect. The modal verb 'must' requires an infinitive verb form for proper sentence construction.
• The correct phrase should be "must be received by Friday". The auxiliary verb 'be' is necessary in this context as we are talking about the obligation of completion of a passive action (the receiving of the application by Friday).
• Therefore, 'be' is the correct word to insert here to make the sentence grammatically correct.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Correct Sentence: If you are interested in applying for the job, your application must be received by Friday.

Additional Information

• (a): "If you are interested in" is grammatically correct. It correctly introduces the condition under which the following advice is applicable.
• (b): "applying for the job, your application" is also grammatically correct. The phrase correctly identifies what exactly the interested party should send.
• (d): This option suggests that there is no error in the sentence. However, as demonstrated above, there is an error in the sentence, so option (d) is not correct.

The correct answer is “offences”.

Key Points

• 'Offences' is the most appropriate term to describe wrongful acts or infringements, which aligns with the context of laws being made to deal with issues related to women’s rights and personal safety.
• 'Terror', 'Criminals', 'Difficulties' don’t specifically denote wrongful acts against women, thus are not suitable here.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

The correct answer is "on".

Key Points

• The most appropriate option to fill in the blank is "on".
• The sentence "He is the gentleman whose name is written on the board," correctly uses the preposition "on" to indicate that his name appears on the surface of the board.
• When discussing writing or drawing on a surface, the preposition "on" is commonly used.

Therefore, the correct answer is "option 4".

Complete Sentence: He is the gentleman whose name is written on the board.

The correct answer is “premised”.

Key Points

• 'Premised' means based upon; in the context of the sentence, it refers to the foundation of a sovereign Indian nation was built on the idea of equality.
• 'Promised', 'Looked', 'Depend' do not fit into the context that seeks to convey foundation/basis.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The correct answer is "RSPQ".

Key Points

• Sentence R should come immediately after S1 as it outlines why there's abundant precipitation in the equatorial zone due to high temperature, humidity, and unstable air, further explaining the reason for this condition.
• Next, sentence S follows logically as it gives more details about the role of trade winds from both hemispheres contributing to the upward motion of air, causing precipitation.
• The passage then progresses to sentence P that touches on the intensified effect of the ascending air currents during tropical storms in various parts of the world. This is related to the upward motion of air mentioned in sentence S and tells us how this process can be further amplified.
• Lastly, sentence Q rounds off the sequence before S6 as it pinpoint how over land areas, the precipitation mostly occurs from very common and active thunderstorms in the equatorial regions. This sets up well for phrase S6, noting the nature of these rainfalls: heavy, intermittent, convective showers

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 2".

Complete Paragraph: The equatorial zone is generally an area of abundant precipitation (over 200 centimetres annually). This high level of precipitation is due to the equatorial belt's high temperature, high humidity and highly unstable air. The trade winds from both the hemispheres converge and give rise to a general upward motion of air. The ascending air currents become intensified locally in the tropical storms that produce abundant precipitation in the Caribbean, the southwest Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the China Sea. Over the land areas, most of the precipitation occurs from the thunderstorms that are very frequent and active in the equatorial regions. It is to be noted that a larger part of the precipitation in this region falls as heavy intermittent convective showers accompanied by thunder and lightning.

The correct answer is 'Change of ownership'.

Key Points

• The phrase used in the sentence is "changed hands".
• The idiom "changed hands" primarily refers to the transfer of ownership or possession from one person to another.
• It is generally used in the context of buying, selling, or exchanging items, property, businesses, etc.
• In this sentence, "This car belonged to Ravi, but recently it changed hands" indicates that the car that once belonged to Ravi is now owned by someone else.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Additional Information

• The option 'Change of driver' could be misinterpreted as the car continuing to be owned by the same person but simply driven by another, which does not convey the full meaning of the idiom.
• 'Change of mechanic' and 'Change of machinery' deal with alterations in mechanical possession or machinery equipped in the car, but neither appropriately expresses the shift in ownership implied by "changed hands".

The correct answer is "PRSQ".

Key Points

• Segment P: This sets up the subject of the sentence, which is 'The Supreme Court'. The phrase describes the supreme court in a very dignified way ('in its majesty') and it creates an expectation for further information on what the supreme court did.
• Segment R: This part uses 'and' to continue the description of the Supreme Court from segment P and introduces the action associated with the subject - the Supreme Court has expounded - indicating there's yet to be information on what exactly is being expounded.
• Segment S: This sets up for the final segment by indicating what was expounded: the semantic sweep. However, it leaves open what this sweep refers to, leading logically to the next piece - segment Q.
• Segment Q: This finishes the sentence by letting us know what the semantic sweep refers to - Article 21 dealing with the right to life.

Therefore, the correct answer is "option 4".

Rearranged sentence: "The Supreme Court in its majesty and magnanimity has expounded profoundly the semantic sweep of Article 21 which deals with the right to life."

The correct answer is Option 2) i.e., RQPS.

Key Points

• "While plays with mythological content continued to be in vogue" (R) is the introductory phrase that sets the context.
• Following this, "One could not overlook the diminishing religiosity which" (Q) logically points out a noticeable observation during the time.
• "Was gradually engulfing the society with its concomitant" (P) describes the effect of the diminishing religiosity on society.
• "Implication for the stage from the third decade of the twentieth century" (S) places the entire statement in the specific historical context.

Therefore, the correct answer is: While plays with mythological content continued to be in vogue, one could not overlook the diminishing religiosity which was gradually engulfing the society with its concomitant implication for the stage from the third decade of the twentieth century.

Additional Information

• Option 1) PQRS: This sequence does not start with a suitable introductory phrase and disrupts the flow of the sentence.
• Option 3) QPSR: This arrangement places the actions and effects out of logical order, creating confusion and a disjointed structure.
• Option 4) QRPS: This sequence misplaces the time context at the end and does not make the sentence easy to comprehend.

The correct answer is '(c)'.

Key Points

• The sentence commends India's ability to demonstrate resilience and achieve significant recovery amid a volatile global environment.
• The phrase "demonstrated admirable resilence" has a spelling error. The word 'resilence' is supposed to be 'resilience'.
• Therefore, the corrected phrase should be "demonstrated admirable resilience".

Thus, the correct answer is- 'Option 3'.

Correct Sentence: In such a volatile global environment, it is heartening that India demonstrated admirable resilience and achieved robust recovery.

Additional Information

• (a): "In such a volatile global environment" is grammatically correct. It sets the context for the statement, appropriately describing the global situation.
• (b): "it is heartening that India" is also grammatically correct. The word 'heartening' correctly expresses the positive sentiment towards India's actions.
• (d): This option suggests that there is no error in the sentence. However, as demonstrated above, there is an error in the sentence, so option (d) is not correct.

The correct answer is "in lieu of".

Key Points

• The most appropriate option to fill in the blank is "in lieu of".
• The sentence "He accepted the car in lieu of his claim for Rs. 50,000," means that he accepted the car as a substitute or replacement for his claim of Rs. 50,000.
• The phrase "in lieu of" is used when something is given or done as a substitute or replacement for something else.

Therefore, the correct answer is "option 2".

Complete Sentence: He accepted the car in lieu of his claim for Rs. 50,000.

The correct answer is 'inadequate'.

Key Points

• The word 'derisory' refers to something that is so small or unimportant that it is not worth considering; it can also mean mockingly contemptuous or ridiculous. In Hindi, it translates to 'uphaas ka vishay' (उपहास का विषय) or 'avmanjanak' (अवमानजनक).
  • Example: The compensation offered by the company for the damage was derisory.
• The word 'inadequate,' means insufficient for a specific requirement; not enough. Its Hindi meaning is 'aparyapt' (अपर्याप्त).
  • Example: The resources provided for the project were inadequate, causing delays in its completion.

Therefore, the correct answer is- 'Option 4'.

Additional Information

• 'Partial' refers to liking or supporting something more than something else; not fair or impartial. In Hindi, it translates to 'pakshapat' (पक्षपात).
• 'Full' refers to having all the necessary or appropriate parts, qualities, or specified characteristics. In Hindi, it translates to 'poorn' (पूर्ण).
• 'Derogatory' means expressing a low opinion of someone or something; showing a lack of respect. In Hindi, it translates to 'apmaanjanak' (अपमानजनक).

The correct answer is 'Ideal'.

Key Points

• The word 'utopian' pertains to an imagined place or state of things where everything is perfect. (आदर्श)
  • Example: His ideas about the future society are utopian, bearing no resemblance to reality.
• The word 'Ideal' is the best or most suitable example of something. (आदर्श)
  • Example: The school promotes an ideal image of a student who is both academically adept and socially responsible.
• Hence, the correct synonym for 'utopian' is 'Ideal'.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Additional Information

• 'Realistic' refers to the acceptance of situations as they are in reality. (यथार्थवादी)
  • Example: His plans for the business are realistic, taking into account various constraints.
• 'Practicable' suggests that something is achievable or feasible. (सम्पादनीय)
  • Example: The ideas proposed in the meeting are practicable and can be implemented immediately.
• 'Materialistic' is a tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values. (भौतिकवादी)
  • Example: The extravagant lifestyle of modern society represents a materialistic approach."

The correct answer is "RQSP".

Key Points

• Following the introduction about the clan in S1, sentence R makes a logical continuation, as it elaborates on how the clan structure is organized, where the clan name is passed down patrilineally.
• Next, sentence Q provides further details about what constitutes a clan in the Gonds community- a unilateral group whose members bear the same clan name. This expands on the concept introduced in sentence R.
• Sentence S is an appropriate follow-up, as it gives cultural details: the term the Gonds use to refer to their clan - 'Pari'.
• Finally, sentence P outlines the belief system of the Gonds regarding their clan system before transitioning into S6, which discusses the male-oriented nature of the patronymic tradition.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Complete Sentence: The social group wider than the family in the social structure of the Gond community is the clan. The clan being patrilineal - a man passes on his clan name to his children. The clan among the Gonds is a unilateral group consisting of family members which bear the same clan-name. The Gonds use the term 'Pari' to express their group. The members of the clan believed that they have descended from a common ancestor. It is only the male who automatically takes the patronymic on birth, preserves it till death, and it is carried forward by his children.

The correct answer is "concerning".

Key Points

• The most appropriate option to fill in the blank is "concerning".
• The sentence "He raised several questions concerning the future of the organisation," correctly uses the word "concerning" to mean "about" or "regarding."
• It indicates that the questions he raised pertain to or are related to the future of the organisation.

Therefore, the correct answer is "option 3".

Complete Sentence: He raised several questions concerning the future of the organisation.

Additional Information

• "Concern to," is not grammatically correct in this context. We wouldn't say "questions concern to" something; "questions concern" something is the grammatically correct usage.
• "Concerned for," imply a sense of worry or anxiety. It might work in a context where one is worried about the future of the organisation, but doesn't really fit in this context where he is just asking questions about it.
• "Concerned with" is typically used to denote involvement or engagement with something, while "concerning" more directly shows the relationship between the questions and the future of the organisation.

The correct answer is '(a)'.

Key Points

• The sentence implies that the task or process, presumably related to the fair distribution of quality education, is not yet complete.
• The phrase "the task is from done" contains an error in the preposition. The preposition 'from' should be replaced by 'far from'.
• The correct phrase should be "the task is far from done", which means the task is nowhere near completion.
• Therefore, 'far' is the correct preposition to use in this context, as it shows the extent to which the task is yet to be done.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 1'.

Correct Sentence: However, the task is far from done, particularly in ensuring equity in the distribution of quality education.

Additional Information

• (b): "particularly in ensuring equity in" is grammatically correct. The word 'particularly' is used to stress that a specific thing is more relevant or important than others.
• (c): "the distribution of quality education" is also grammatically correct and semantically meaningful. It correctly portrays the idea of providing quality education to all equally.
• (d): This option suggests that there is no error in the sentence. However, as demonstrated above, there is an error in the sentence, so option (d) is not correct.

The correct answer is “Pronoun”.

Key Points

• "They" is standing in as a reference for a specific group of people who are going to attend the function.
• A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun in sentences, making them less repetitive and mechanic.
• The word "They" is not a name of any person, place, or thing (noun), modifying any noun/pronoun (adjective), or denoting an action (verb), nor it is a linking word (conjunction).
• The use of "They" in this sentence gives information about who "are all going to attend the function", replacing the specific names of the individuals involved.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

The correct answer is 'faced many problems'.

Key Points

• The word 'floundered' means to be in serious difficulty, struggle mentally or physically, or to move clumsily or ineffectively. In Hindi, it translates to 'sankat mein hona' or 'pareshani mein hona' (संकट में होना / परेशानी में होना).
  • Example: The young swimmer floundered in the deep water as he was not accustomed to the depth.
• The phrase 'faced many problems',implies encountering multiple difficulties or challenges. Its Hindi meaning is 'kai samasyaon ka samna karna' (कई समस्याओं का सामना करना).
  • Example: Due to the unexpected situation, the team faced many problems in completing the project.

Therefore, the correct answer is- 'Option 1'.

Additional Information

• 'Glided through' means to move smoothly and continuously along. In Hindi, it translates to 'asani se guzarna' (आसानी से गुजरना).
• 'Floated through' signifies to pass through easily and lightly, sometimes without much notice or effort. Its Hindi counterpart is 'asani se aage badhna' (आसानी से आगे बढ़ना).
• 'Succeeded' denotes achieving the desired aim or result. In Hindi, it translates to 'safalta paana' (सफलता पाना).

The correct answer is 'articulating'.

Key Points

• 'Articulating' means expressing an idea or feeling fluently and coherently or putting an idea into words. ("स्पष्ट रूप से व्यक्त करना")
• In the context of the statement, "Leadership plays a crucial role in articulating ideology and objectives, evolving strategies and programmes, and maintaining the spirit of the participant." This suggests that leadership is essential in clearly expressing or defining the ideology and objectives.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'option 3'.

Additional Information

• 'Supersedes' ("बदल देना" or "पदोन्नति करना"), is used to indicate taking the place of a person or thing previously in authority or use; supersede.
• 'Assumption' ("मान्यता") means a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof. It's inappropriate here as the Leadership is not assuming but expressing the ideology and objectives.

• 'Supposition' ("अनुमान") refers to an uncertain belief or idea that is used as the basis for a decision or reasoning.

The correct answer is “strides”.

Key Points

• 'Strides' here means significant progress or advances, that suit the context of Criminal law making improvements in facilitating access to justice for women.
• 'Stand', 'Aside', 'Walk' don’t portray the sense of progression/advancement/evolution as 'Strides' does.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

The correct answer is "RSPQ".

Key Points

• The passage discusses the influence of economic globalisation on the principles of enterprise capitalism and its impact on public policy and trade union activity.
• S1 introduces the topic by stating that the principles of enterprise capitalism have been extended beyond the USA due to economic globalisation.
• R elaborates on how globalisation has promoted marketisation in various ways.
• S explains one of the responses of governments to promote marketisation, which is reducing tax levels to attract 'inward' investment.
• P highlights the consequence of this trend on public spending, particularly on welfare budgets.
• Q further discusses the consequences of promoting product and labour flexibility, mentioning that it often leads to trade union activity.
• Finally, S6 concludes the passage by stating that these pressures have helped to shape what is sometimes called the 'new' political economy.

Therefore the correct answer is 'option 4'.

Correct paragraph: The principles of enterprise capitalism have been extended far beyond the USA through the impact of economic globalization. Globalisation has promoted marketization in a variety of ways. Governments reduce tax levels in the hope of attracting 'inward' investment. Strong downward pressure has also been exerted on public spending, and particularly welfare budgets. Moreover, the need to promote product and labour flexibility has often led to trade union activity. Such pressures have helped to shape what is sometimes called the 'new' political economy.

The correct answer is 'narrow'.

Key Points

• The word 'narrow' means Limited in extent, amount, or scope. (संकीर्ण)
• In the context of the sentence, the objectives of the movement initially focus on specific or local issues but then shift to broader aims of social transformation.
• Therefore, the most appropriate word to fill in the blank would be "narrow," as it contrasts with "broad aims" in the following part of the sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'option 3'.

Additional Information

• 'Scanty' (अल्प) means small or insufficient in quantity or amount.
• 'wide' (चौड़ा ) means is having a great extent from side to side; broad.
• 'Confine' (सीमित करना) means keep or restrict someone or something within certain limits.

The correct answer is 'observance'.

Key Points

• The word 'infraction' refers to a violation or breach of a rule, agreement, or a set of standards. ('उल्लंघन').
  • Example: Parking in a no-parking zone is an infraction that can result in a fine.
• The word 'observance' refers to the adherence to or compliance with a rule, law, or custom. ('पालन करना').
  • Example: The observance of traffic rules can significantly reduce road accidents.
• Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Additional Information

• Transgression', refers to an act that goes against a law, code, or standard of conduct. ('उल्लंघन').
• 'Breach', refers to an act of breaking or failing to comply with a rule or formal agreement. ('उल्लंघन').
• 'Acceptance', refers to the action of consenting to receive or undertake something offered. ('स्वीकार').

The correct answer is "QSPR".

Key Points

• Sentence Q should come immediately after S1 as it reemphasizes the major transformations happening in the eighteenth century Europe, supporting S1's statement.
• Next, sentence S discusses a specific event, the Treaty of Paris, that put an end to the Seven Years War. This detail fits appropriately after the broad changes highlighted in sentence Q, bringing us into more specific developments in the historical sequence of the eighteenth century.
• Sentence P naturally follows the information in sentence S, explaining the immediate aftermath of the Treaty of Paris, which is that Europe experienced about three decades without significant conflicts.
• Finally, sentence R segues into sentence S6, stating that the peace brought by the Treaty was not permanent, setting up for the assertion made in sentence S6 that Britain emerged victorious in establishing colonial supremacy.

Therefore, the correct answer is "option 2".

Complete Paragraph: Europe was going through a political, social, economic, and cultural transformation in the eighteenth century. This century saw far reaching changes which were to leave behind an enduring legacy. The Treaty of Paris (1763) brought an end to the Seven Years War. Thereafter, the European continent had been free from bloody conflicts for about three decades. However, the Treaty of Paris could not bring peace to Europe forever. Great Britain emerged victorious in the contest for colonial supremacy in Europe and from that moment Britain concentrated more on her colonial possessions.

The correct answer is "There would not be any pleasure in the pursuit of truth".

Key Points

• In the passage, the line "A mixture of a lie doth ever add pleasure." suggests that mixing truth with lies brings some level of enjoyment.
• It implies that the pursuit of truth, if not mixed or associated with lies, might not provide as much pleasure or intrigue to individuals.
• In addition, the author further emphasizes the discomfort brought by the absence of lies by stating: "Doth any man doubt, that if there were taken out of men's minds, vain opinions, flattering hopes, false valuations, imaginations as one would, and the like, but it would leave the minds of a number of men, poor shrunken things, full of melancholy and indisposition, and unpleasing to themselves?".
• Here, removing all the untruths (lies, vain opinions, false hopes, etc.) would leave people's minds in an impoverished and displeasing state.
• This suggests that, according to the author's perspective, a certain level of falsity adds richness or pleasure to human experience.

Therefore, the correct answer is "option 1".

The correct answer is 'adoration'.

Key Points

• The word 'abomination' means something that causes disgust or loathing. ('घृणास्पद' or 'घिनौना').
  • Example: For animal rights activists, the practice of hunting for sport is an abomination.
• The word 'adoration' signifies a deep love and respect for someone or something. ('पूजा' or 'प्रेम').
  • Example: The fans' adoration for their favorite singer was evident by the large number of people at his concert.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information

• 'Abhorrence', refers to a feeling of strong repugnance or disgust. ('घृणा').
• 'Termination', refers to an act of ending, typically officially. ('समापन').
• 'Detestation', refers to intense dislike. ('नफरत').

The correct answer is "instil".

Key Points

• The sentence requires a verb that means "to gradually impart or infuse an idea or feeling into someone's mind."
• The correct word that conveys this meaning is "instil."
• The word "instil" is correctly used to describe the process of infusing or instilling feelings, attitudes, or virtues over time.
• The phrase "continues to" suggests an ongoing action, making "instil" the right choice because it is in the present tense and reflects a continuous process.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 1".

Additional Information

• "Install" typically refers to placing or fixing equipment or software in position for use.
• "Installs" is the third-person singular present tense form of "install," used when referring to someone performing the action of installation.
• "Installed" is the past tense and past participle of "install," indicating that the action of installation has already been completed.

The correct answer is “devastating”.

Key Points

• A 'devastating' flood refers to a flood that causes severe destruction or damage, which fits the context perfectly where Ravi is reminiscing about a severe flood event from the past.
• 'Ravage' is usually used as a verb and would hence not fit grammatically into this sentence.
• 'Salubrious' refers to something healthy or beneficial, which goes against the context of a harmful event like a flood.
• 'Ameliorative' means improving or making something better, so it cannot denote a disaster like a flood.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

The correct answer is '(d)'.

Key Points

• The sentence describes the speaker's plan to visit their grandparents in the future.
• The sentence is structured in the passive voice, which is grammatically right in this case. The active form of the sentence would be "We will visit our grandparents this weekend."
• The verb tenses in context to the stated event are correctly used.
• The preposition "by" is used properly in presenting the object 'us' in the passive sentence structure.
• Consequently, there is no grammatical error found in this sentence.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Additional Information

• (a): "Our grandparents" is a correct possessive noun phrase, and it serves well as a subject in the passive voice.
• (b): "will be visited" is the correct future passive form of the verb "visit."
• (c): "by us this weekend" is also grammatically correct. The preposition "by" is used correctly to indicate the doer in a passive sentence, and "this weekend" correctly indicates the time of the action.