Test: Human Digestive System & Its Disorders (Old NCERT) - Grade 11 MCQ

Eating spicy food ,anxiety , inadequate secretion of enzyme ,over eating leads to indigestion means food is not digested properly.

The sphincter of Oddi (also hepatopancreatic sphincter or Glisson's sphincter), abbreviated as SO, is a muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. It is named after Ruggero Oddi.

Explanation:
When a person has diarrhea, it leads to the frequent passage of loose, watery stools. Diarrhea can cause the body to lose a significant amount of water and essential minerals, which can have various effects on the body.
The correct answer is A: Dehydration. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration due to the excessive loss of fluids from the body.
Here is a detailed explanation of the effects of diarrhea on the body:
Dehydration:
- Diarrhea causes increased fluid loss from the body through loose stools. This can lead to dehydration, which is characterized by a lack of sufficient water in the body.
- Dehydration can cause symptoms such as dry mouth, excessive thirst, decreased urine output, dark-colored urine, fatigue, dizziness, and lightheadedness.
Other possible effects of diarrhea include:
Hunger:
- Diarrhea can lead to a feeling of hunger, as the body may not be able to absorb nutrients properly due to the rapid passage of stools. This can result in a constant feeling of hunger even after eating.
Dryness:
- Diarrhea can cause dryness in the body, particularly in the mouth and throat. This can be due to the loss of fluids and electrolytes through diarrhea.
Lack of energy:
- Diarrhea can lead to a lack of energy and fatigue as the body loses essential nutrients and minerals through frequent bowel movements.
It is important to manage diarrhea effectively to prevent dehydration. This can be done by drinking plenty of fluids, including water, oral rehydration solutions, and clear broths. Consuming foods that are easy to digest, such as bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast (BRAT diet), can also help in managing diarrhea and replenishing lost nutrients.

Option (B), 20 because these 20 are our milk teeth and which fall down and upto 6-10 years and then again comes but 12 teeth are there if they get broken then never can be replaced by new teeth that is they comes in life only once so these 12 teeth are called as monophyodont and 20 teeth which are replaceable they are known as diphyodont.

Liver is the largest gland in human body. It carries out many functions such as secretion of bile juices for decomposition of lipids and vitamins, preparation of proteins for blood plasma that enables blood clotting and also detoxification.

Vitamin K is a fat soluble vitamin required for normal blood clotting. It's deficiency leads to slow or delayed blood clotting and haemorrhage (blood loss). Vitamin K is required for synthesis of prothrombin in the liver where the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation in prothrombin synthesis occurs.

Marasmus is a disorder caused by deficiency of food or protein. Marasmus occurs in infants below 1 year of age when they do not get sufficient mother's milk or weaning diet. Such infants are often provided with very diluted cow or buffalo milk. Marasmus babies have emaciated body with shrivelled appearance, thin face, sunken eyes, wrinkled thin and dry skin, protruding ribs, reduced digestion and frequent diarrhoea.

Gastrin is a hormone that is produced by 'G' cells in the lining of the stomach and upper small intestine. During a meal, gastrin stimulates the stomach to release gastric acid. Gastrin also has minor effects on the pancreas, liver, and intestines. Gastrin helps the pancreas produce enzymes for digestion and helps the liver produce bile.

Argentaffin cells are the round shaped epithelial found in the lining of the digestive tract such as gastric glands in the stomach wall. It is found in all parts of the alimentary canal but mostly occurs in the small intestine. As the granules of these cells precipitate the silver from silver nitrate solution it is called as argentaffin cells. 

Zymogen or chief cells are mainly found inthe fundic part of the stomach. They arethe most abundant among the gastricglands & secrete proenzymes, propepsinand prorenin. (They are also present inintestine but their main site is stomach).  

A patient of high blood cholesterol is suggested to take unsaturated fats as vegetable oils Such as ground nut oil because high intake of saturated fat causes high blood cholesterol which ultimately gets deposited in the walls of arteries causing their blockage resulting in various cardiac-disease. Ghee, butter, red meat vanaspati, they all are rich sources of saturated fats. Hence, Option D.

Pellagra is a disease caused by low levels of Vitamin B3​ (niacin)

The main symptoms of pellagra are dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea. This is because niacin deficiency is most noticeable in body parts with high rates of cell turnover, such as your skin or gastrointestinal tract.

Hence Vitamin-B12​ Pellagra is not correctly matched because Pellagra is caused due to deficiency of Vitamin B3.

So, the correct answer is 'Vitamin-B12-Pellagra'

Enamel makes up the visible part of the tooth, covering the crown. It is the hardest substance in the human body and contains the highest percentage of minerals.

Gastric gland is the basic secretory unit of the stomach and contains a variety of component cells located in characteristic locations. It is also called fundus gland, gastric follicle. It is any of the branched tubular glands in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach, containing parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and zymogenic cells that produce pepsin. The various cells of the glands secrete mucus, pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, gastrin, histamine and bicarbonate.

Vitamin B₁₂ can be found in large quantities in animal products, including meat, poultry, fish, seafood, eggs, and dairy products. Pseudovitamin-B₁₂ analogues that are biologically inactive in humans and yet found to be present in many food sources in supplements and fortified foods like in most cyanobacterium, including Spirulina, and some algae.