Test: India- Climate - UPSC MCQ

Latitude plays a crucial role in determining India's climate. As a tropical country, India lies in the tropical and subtropical zones, which influences its weather patterns and temperature ranges. The country's proximity to the equator results in high temperatures and distinct seasonal variations.

Kerala, located on the Malabar Coast in the southwestern part of India, experiences a tropical monsoon climate. It receives heavy rainfall during the monsoon season, which lasts from June to September. This climate supports lush vegetation and diverse flora and fauna.

The Thar Desert, situated in western Rajasthan, is characterized by a subtropical arid climate. This region receives very little rainfall, with hot and dry summers and temperature extremes. The scarcity of water and vegetation is a defining feature of this climate type.

The summer season in India, which typically spans from March to June, is known for its scorching temperatures. Central and northern parts of the country can experience maximum temperatures exceeding 40°C during this time. Additionally, thunderstorms are common, bringing temporary relief from the heat.

The mountainous regions of India, particularly the Himalayas, exhibit a mountain climate. These areas experience snowfall and freezing temperatures during winter, making them suitable for winter sports and tourism. The temperature drops as altitude increases, resulting in diverse climatic zones within the mountainous region.

The tropical dry climate region in India, including parts of central and western states, receives the least amount of rainfall. Rainfall is unreliable, and these areas often experience dry spells and droughts. Summers are hot, and vegetation is adapted to withstand arid conditions.

The southwest monsoon is the primary monsoon that brings rainfall to most parts of India. It occurs from June to September, starting with the arrival of monsoon winds from the Arabian Sea. This monsoon is responsible for the majority of India's annual rainfall.

The Deccan Plateau, located in the southern part of India, experiences a subtropical arid (desert) climate. This region receives low rainfall, and the summers are extremely hot. The Deccan Plateau is home to the Thar Desert, which is the most prominent desert in India.

The northeastern states of India, including Assam, Meghalaya, and Mizoram, experience a humid subtropical climate. These regions have high humidity, abundant rainfall, and warm summers. The climatic conditions support dense forests and diverse wildlife.

The distinct four-season pattern in northern India is primarily influenced by altitude. The Himalayas act as a barrier to the cold air from Central Asia, leading to the formation of different climatic zones. Higher altitudes experience colder temperatures, while lower regions have milder winters and hotter summers.