Test: Indian Political System - Bank Exams MCQ

The Proportional Representation system allows parties to gain seats in proportion to the votes they receive, encouraging a diversity of political parties. In contrast, the First-past-the-post system often leads to a two-party system, limiting the representation of smaller parties.

Coalition governments necessitate cooperation and compromise among various political parties to govern effectively. This often leads to a more consensus-driven approach to policymaking but can also result in instability and slow decision-making processes.

The Indian National Lok Dal is recognized as a state party and does not meet the criteria to be classified as a national party, which requires recognition in four or more states. In contrast, the BSP, CPM, and BJP are all considered national parties due to their wider electoral influence.

Duverger's law posits that single-member districts, such as those used in the First-past-the-post electoral system, tend to favor the development of a two-party system, as voters often gravitate towards candidates with the highest chance of winning.

The President of India serves as the constitutional head of the executive, while the real executive power lies with the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers. The President's role is largely ceremonial, representing the unity of the nation and fulfilling various formal duties.

The Indian National Congress (INC) is led by Sonia Gandhi. The INC has been one of the two major political parties in India since independence and has played a significant role in shaping the country's political landscape.

A multi-party system is characterized by the existence of three or more political parties that can compete for control of the government, fostering a more representative democracy and allowing for a variety of political viewpoints to be expressed.

A major challenge for coalition governments in India is the potential for disagreements among coalition partners, which can hinder consensus and slow down the decision-making process. This complexity can sometimes lead to instability in governance.

A political party is designated as a 'National Party' if it is recognized in four or more states, provided it continues to meet the criteria for recognition in subsequent elections, reflecting its broader electoral support across the country.

The Constitution of India was framed with the goal of ensuring socioeconomic progress for the country, establishing a framework for a parliamentary democracy that accommodates the diverse needs and aspirations of its citizens, thereby promoting inclusive governance.