Test: Judiciary - 2 - Class 8 MCQ

• The correct answer is "All of these" (Option D).
• The judiciary system plays a crucial role in resolving disputes not just between citizens but also between citizens and the government, as well as between different state governments.
• It ensures impartiality and fairness in addressing conflicts and upholding the rule of law across various levels of governance.

• The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the President of India.
• This appointment is made after consultation with other judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
• The President follows the convention of appointing the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court as the Chief Justice of India.
• The Chief Justice holds office until the age of 65 years or until removed through the process of impeachment.

• Compensation refers to the act of providing payment or something of value to make up for a loss, damage, or injury suffered by someone.
• It is a form of reparation or restitution for harm caused to an individual or entity.
• In the context of the given options, option A is the correct choice as it accurately defines compensation as the provision of financial remuneration to address a harm or injury.

The correct answer is D: 1108.
- High courts in India have a sanctioned strength of 1108 judges.
- This number is crucial for maintaining the judicial system's efficiency.
- Adequate judge strength is essential for timely disposal of cases and ensuring justice prevails.
- With 1108 judges, the High Courts can effectively handle the caseload and address legal matters promptly.

The correct answer is B: 34 judges.
Here's the explanation:
- The Supreme Court of India consists of a Chief Justice and a maximum of 34 Judges.
- This composition is defined by Article 124 of the Indian Constitution.
- The number of judges in the Supreme Court can be increased by Parliament if deemed necessary.

As the final interpreter of the Constitution, the judiciary holds the power of Judicial Review:
- It allows the judiciary to review laws and actions of the legislative and executive branches to ensure they are in line with the Constitution.
- Judicial Review enables the judiciary to declare laws or actions unconstitutional if they violate the principles of the Constitution.
- This power serves as a crucial check and balance in a democratic system, preventing any branch of government from overstepping its authority.
- Through Judicial Review, the judiciary safeguards the integrity and supremacy of the Constitution in the legal system.

Separation of powers is a key constitutional principle that ensures the judiciary operates independently from the legislature and the executive.

The role of the Supreme Court in protecting Fundamental Rights is: Provide a mechanism for citizens to approach the court if their rights are violated:

• The Supreme Court serves as the guardian of the Constitution and fundamental rights.
• It ensures that citizens can seek legal recourse if their rights are infringed.
• Through writs like habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, etc., the court safeguards individual liberties.

This mechanism empowers citizens to uphold their rights and ensures accountability in upholding constitutional freedoms.

In an integrated judicial system in India, decisions of higher courts are binding on lower courts. Here's a detailed explanation:
- The correct answer is C: Decisions of higher courts are binding on lower courts.
- This principle ensures consistency and uniformity in the interpretation and application of laws.
- Lower courts are obligated to follow precedents set by higher courts, leading to a coherent legal system.
- This hierarchical structure helps in maintaining legal order and upholding the rule of law in the country.

The mid-day meal scheme was introduced in schools due to: Judicial intervention through PIL (Public Interest Litigation)

• Ensures child nutrition and food security.
• Counteracts malnutrition and hunger.
• Enhances school attendance and performance.
• Addresses social inequality in access to food.

This scheme was initiated as a response to the dire need for ensuring adequate nutrition for school children, which directly impacts their health, education, and overall well-being.

The significant outcome of the PIL filed during the Right to Food campaign was:
- Implementation of mid-day meal schemes in schools
- This initiative aimed to provide nutritious meals to school children to improve their health and educational outcomes.
- It addressed issues of malnutrition and encouraged school attendance.
- The PIL highlighted the importance of food security and led to actionable steps to ensure children receive adequate nutrition for their development.

In India, the concept of the "rule of law" functions as follows:
- Laws apply equally to all individuals: This principle ensures that laws are binding on everyone, regardless of their position or status in society.
- This means that no one is above the law and everyone is subject to the same legal system, fostering fairness and justice.
- By upholding the rule of law, India aims to maintain a just and orderly society where rights are protected and legal processes are transparent and predictable.