Test: Kinetic Particle Model of Matter - 1 - Year 11 MCQ

Solids have a definite shape and volume, meaning they maintain their shape and size under normal conditions. They cannot flow and are not compressible. This characteristic distinguishes solids from liquids and gases, making them unique in their structural properties.

Boiling is the process by which a liquid transforms into a gas, also known as evaporating. This transition occurs when the liquid reaches its boiling point, where the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure, allowing the liquid to change into a gas.

Changes in volume refer to the capacity of a substance to occupy a specific amount of space. This property relates to how much space a substance takes up and can vary based on the state of matter and external conditions affecting the substance.

Atoms are the basic units of matter, consisting of a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. These particles are the building blocks of elements and combine to form molecules through chemical bonds.

Molecules in solids are tightly bound by intermolecular forces, which are forces of attraction between molecules. These forces keep the molecules close together and restrict their movement, resulting in the characteristic rigidity of solids.

Gas particles cease exerting pressure and motion entirely at a temperature known as absolute zero, which measures -273°C. At this temperature, particles have minimal energy and cease all movement, resulting in the absence of pressure exertion on their container.

The unit for measuring temperature without the degree symbol is Kelvin (K). Unlike Celsius, which is represented as °C, Kelvin is an absolute temperature scale that starts from absolute zero, where particles cease all motion.

The pressure exerted by a gas on its container increases with rising temperature because gas particles acquire kinetic energy, leading to more frequent and forceful collisions with the container walls. This heightened energy level results in increased pressure exertion.

Gas particles contribute to pressure exertion by moving chaotically within the container at rapid speeds. These particles collide with the walls of the container, exerting force perpendicular to the surface, which collectively results in the pressure exerted by the gas.

Gases are highly compressible, meaning they can be easily compressed into a smaller volume. This property allows gases to expand to fill their containers and flow freely, making them adaptable to various volumes and shapes under different conditions.