Test: Miscellaneous - 1 - Civil Engineering (CE) MCQ

The approximate relations are,
f_cs  = 0.66 f_cr
f_ct = 0.50 f_cr

The material factor of safety in limit state method is less as compared to that in working stress method.

The value of k is given by,
k = mc/(t + mc)
For a balanced section,

A beam collapses when stress is equal to its yield strength and stress in concrete reaches its ultimate strength.

Concrete in sea water or exposed directly along the sea coast shall be at least M20 grade in the case of plain concrete and M30 in case of reinforced concrete. The use of slag or pozzolana cement is advantageous under such conditions.

In tall, buildings, it is important to control lateral displacements within the serviceability limit state. A structural system may be classified as follows:
(i) Buildings frame system
(ii) Moment resisting frame system
(iii) Dual frame system
(iv) Tube system
In a moment resistant frame, the relative stiffness of beam and columns is very important. A frame may be designed using weak column-strong beam proportions or strong column - weak beam proportions. A frame with weak beam-strong column is more stable and therefore highly desirable.

A wall which carries horizontal loads in its own plane is called shear wall.

The slenderness ratio of a wall or column is defined as the ratio of effective height to its effective thickness. For a wall, the effective height is replaced by the effective length if effective height happens to be less.

Impact factor for RC bridges, I = 4.5/6 + L
where L is the length of span in meters.

Flexural strength of concrete is given by, 

= 0.7 x 5 = 3.5 MPa