Test: Momentum - Year 11 MCQ

The formula to calculate momentum for an object in motion is given by p = mv, where 'p' represents momentum, 'm' stands for mass in kilograms, and 'v' represents velocity in meters per second. This equation signifies the product of an object's mass and its velocity, reflecting the quantity of motion possessed by the object.

When an object is stationary, meaning its velocity is 0, it possesses no momentum. Momentum is a product of mass and velocity; hence, if the velocity is zero, the momentum of the object is also zero. This aligns with the concept that momentum is what sustains an object's motion in a consistent direction.

The principle known as the Conservation of Momentum states that within a closed system, the total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after the event. This principle holds true when there are no external forces like friction acting on the system, emphasizing the preservation of momentum within a closed system.

In the context of momentum alteration, impulse is defined as the product of force and the duration of its application, represented by the equation impulse = force × change in time. This impulse leads to a change in momentum, showcasing the impact of force on altering an object's momentum over a specific period.

Force can be described as the rate at which momentum changes in an object. When an unbalanced force acts on an object, it causes a change in the object's momentum, emphasizing the relationship between force and the alteration of momentum in an object.

Momentum for an object in motion is calculated using the formula: momentum = mass × velocity (p = mv). This formula signifies that momentum is directly proportional to both the mass and velocity of the object. Therefore, the correct answer is Option C, mass × velocity. Momentum plays a crucial role in sustaining an object's motion and is influenced by the object's mass and velocity.

When an object is stationary or at rest, its velocity is zero, which means that according to the momentum formula (p = mv), the momentum of the object is also zero. Therefore, the correct answer is Option B, when the object is at rest. In this state, the object possesses no momentum as it is not in motion.

The principle that states the total momentum before a collision equals the total momentum after the collision within a closed system is known as the Conservation of Momentum. This principle highlights that in the absence of external forces like friction, the total momentum of the system remains constant. Therefore, the correct answer is Option C, Conservation of Momentum.

Impulse acting on an object's mass is defined as the product of force and the duration of its application. Mathematically, impulse = force × change in time (impulse = FΔt). This implies that the force applied to an object over a certain period of time results in a change in the object's momentum. Therefore, the correct answer is Option A, Force × time.

Force can be described as the rate at which momentum changes in an object. This means that the force applied to an object determines how quickly its momentum changes. In other words, force influences the acceleration or deceleration of an object, which in turn affects its momentum. Therefore, the correct answer is Option C, Force is related to the rate at which momentum changes.