Test: Plants Morphology - UPSC MCQ

Buds are small outgrowths present terminally on the stem or in the axil of leaves.

An aromatic spice made from the peeled, dried, and rolled bark of a SE Asian tree.

The main compound responsible for the flavor of apples is ethanol. Ethanol is a type of alcohol that contributes to the fruity and pleasant aroma of apples. It is produced during the process of fermentation in the apple, which converts sugars into alcohol. The presence of ethanol gives apples their characteristic taste and contributes to their overall flavor profile.

The bond between two amino acids in a protein is called (a) Peptide bond. Peptide bonds are formed through a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid. This bond plays a crucial role in linking amino acids together to form the linear chain of a protein.

The morphine is extracted from the opium latex reducing the bulk weight by 88%.

Pollination by bats is called (a) Chiropterophily. Chiropterophily refers to the process of pollination where bats act as the primary pollinators. Bats are attracted to certain flowers, often with pale or white petals and strong fragrance, and they transfer pollen between flowers as they feed on nectar. This mutualistic relationship between bats and flowers is essential for the pollination and reproduction of specific plant species.

The aromatic flower buds of the plant are known as cloves and are commonly used as a spice.

The turnip is a root vegetable commonly grown in temperate climates worldwide for its white, fleshy taproot.

The edible part of turmeric is (d) Rhizome. The rhizome is an underground stem that grows horizontally and serves as the main part of the turmeric plant that is used for consumption. It is typically harvested, dried, and ground into a fine powder, which is widely used as a spice and coloring agent in cooking. The rhizome of turmeric contains the active compound curcumin, which is responsible for its distinct flavor and numerous health benefits.

Taproot, the main root of a primary root system, growing vertically downward.

It is a stem vegetable. the potatoes grow on the underground stem, called stolons.

In plants, the tissue that is referred to as dead tissue is (d) Sclerenchyma. Sclerenchyma cells are characterized by thick, rigid cell walls containing a high amount of lignin, which makes them strong and durable. Once fully mature, sclerenchyma cells undergo programmed cell death, resulting in a dead, hollow interior. These dead sclerenchyma cells provide structural support and protection to the plant, such as in the form of fibers or hard shells, but they no longer perform any metabolic functions.

A natural fiber composed of protein. natural proteins fiber include wool, hair, fur, and silk.

Mushrooms have a saprophytic mode of nutrition. This is the reason organisms like mushrooms nourish from dead and decomposing plant or animal matter.

When a fertilized egg has been implanted in the uterus, the group of cells that will become a baby is called an embryo. 

The edible litchi serving is aril. It is a fleshy part of the fruit, and it is available on the outer skin of the seeds. 

Cellulosic fibers are fibers made from cellulose ethers or esters which can be obtained from the bark, wood, plant leaves, or plant material. 

The inflorescence of wheat is (d) Spike. Wheat plants produce a spike inflorescence, which is a dense, elongated structure consisting of multiple florets attached directly to the main stem without any individual stalks. The spike of wheat contains both male and female reproductive structures, with the florets arranged tightly along the central stem. Each floret has stamens (male parts) and a pistil (female part) enclosed within protective bracts. This spike inflorescence is characteristic of wheat and plays a crucial role in the reproduction and formation of grains.

The eye of a potato is called (b) Axillary bud. The eyes of a potato are small, dormant buds located on the surface of the potato tuber. These axillary buds have the potential to grow into new potato plants when conditions are favorable. Each eye contains meristematic tissue capable of developing into shoots, which can give rise to stems, leaves, and eventually new potato plants if provided with the appropriate growing conditions.

The plant that has respiratory roots is (a) Mangrove. Mangroves are a group of trees and shrubs that grow in coastal areas, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. They have specialized aerial roots called pneumatophores or respiratory roots. These roots emerge from the soil and protrude above the water surface, allowing the mangroves to obtain oxygen for respiration in waterlogged or anaerobic soil conditions. The respiratory roots of mangroves facilitate gas exchange, enabling the plants to survive in the unique and challenging coastal environments they inhabit.