Test: Respiratory System - UPSC MCQ

The liver is not part of the respiratory system. It is an organ in the digestive system responsible for various metabolic functions.

Ventilation refers to the process of inhaling and exhaling, which helps in bringing fresh air into the lungs and removing stale air.

The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) occurs with the blood.

The main respiratory gas exchanged during respiration is oxygen. Oxygen is taken in during inhalation and transported to body cells through the bloodstream.

The larynx, also known as the voice box, is responsible for producing sound and housing the vocal cords.

Internal respiration involves the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood and body cells.

The respiratory center, which controls breathing, is located in the brainstem.

The diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for breathing during normal respiration. It contracts and relaxes to create changes in lung volume.

Bronchitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes, leading to excessive mucus production and difficulty breathing.

Hemoglobin is the respiratory pigment in red blood cells that binds and transports oxygen throughout the body.

The epiglottis is a flap-like structure that covers the trachea during swallowing to ensure that food does not enter the airway and cause choking.

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood is the main regulator of breathing. An increase in CO2 levels triggers the brain to increase respiratory rate and depth.

Residual volume is the volume of air that remains in the lungs even after maximum exhalation. It helps keep the alveoli open and prevents lung collapse.

During exercise, the body requires more oxygen to support the increased demand of the muscles, and thus, the respiratory rate and depth increase.
 

Calcium storage is not a function of the respiratory system. The respiratory system primarily deals with gas exchange and maintaining acid-base balance.

Emphysema is a condition where the alveoli in the lungs are damaged, leading to reduced gas exchange capacity and breathlessness.

Rhinorrhea is the medical term for a runny nose, characterized by excessive mucus production in the nasal passages.

The respiratory system works closely with the circulatory system to provide oxygen to body tissues and remove carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration.

The epiglottis is a flap-like structure that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway.

Smoking can lead to chronic bronchitis, a condition characterized by persistent inflammation of the bronchial tubes, excessive mucus production, and coughing.